The Influence of Silicone Softeners on Fabric Stain Removal and Whiteness Maintenance During Home Laundry

The influence of silicone softeners applied in textile mills on fabric stain removal and whiteness maintenance during home laundry are investigated using amino and polyether silicones. It is observed that fabrics treated with amino silicones have reduced stain removal performance. On the other hand, fabrics treated with polyether silicones have improved performance over both amino silicones treated and untreated fabrics. In general, amino silicones reduce the fabric whiteness because they influence the intensity of textile brightener and its maximum emission wavelength. With analysis of fabric surface energy, Si content, wash fastness and silicone–stain interaction, the influence of the silicone on the performance of fabric stain removal can be concluded as follows: (1) the higher the surface energy of fabric treated with silicone, the better is the fabric stain removal; (2) cationic charges of amino silicones create a strong interaction between silicones and stains, leading to poor stain removal index; (3) due to silicone–stain interaction, stains may be washed away with silicone on the fabric surface. Therefore, poor silicone wash fastness may lead to better fabric stain removal.     

植酸对羽毛角蛋白整理涤纶织物性能的影响及分析

为提高羽毛角蛋白（FK）对涤纶织物的后整理效果及其耐久性，本文向羽毛角蛋白整理液中添加了植酸（PA）组分，采用SEM和FTIR对整理前后涤纶织物的形貌和结构进行了表征，同时比分析了PA对FK整理涤纶织物表面静态接触角、芯吸高度、抗静电性能的影响规律。此外，将整理的涤纶织物进行洗涤处理，测试了织物上FK的保留率。结果表明：与单一组分FK整理的涤纶织物相比，PA组分的加入使得涤纶织物表面的FK附着量增加，整理涤纶织物的芯吸高度与抗静电性提升，表面静态接触角下降；同时PA还提升了FK整理涤纶织物的耐久性，经相同工艺水洗后，具有较高的FK保留率。     

聚丙烯酸酯整理剂处理涤纶织物的耐酸碱性

采用聚丙烯酸酯树脂涂层结合纳米拒水拒油剂的复合整理工艺路线,对涤纶织物进行耐酸和耐碱整理。使用占布质量60%的树脂和8%的纳米整理剂分两步处理织物,烘干温度为80℃,烘焙温度为160℃,烘焙时间3 min,按国家标准测试方法测试,经处理的涤纶织物在洗前和洗后,耐酸碱透过时间均可达到3 min及以上。经处理织物手感柔软,透气性良好,能较好保持原有的服用性能,同时具有良好的耐水洗性能。     

聚乙二醇/醚化二羟甲基二羟基乙烯脲树脂整理涤纶织物的研究

对普通涤纶织物进行不同实验条件下的差别化亲水整理、测试、分析和比较,得出用聚乙二醇/醚化二羟甲基二羟基乙烯脲树脂混合整理液进行亲水整理后,织物的亲水性提高较大,且具有较好的耐洗性,其白度几乎不变,透气性与断裂强力稍有下降,织物手感稍微变硬。     

涤纶亲水整理剂LS的合成及应用

采用邻苯二甲酸酐与聚乙二醇反应合成亲水整理剂LS,分析了合成过程中苯酐与聚乙二醇的量比、反应时间、反应温度、聚合度等因素对其性能的影响。合成整理剂Ls的最优工艺为：苯酐和聚乙二醇量比为1：1,反应温度145—1：55℃,反应时间约4h。并对整理剂Ls的应用工艺进行了优选。实验表明,整理剂LS用量5％（owf）,二浸二轧,轧余率为100％,烘干（80℃,5min）,焙烘（200℃,90s）,在此工艺下合成的整理剂整理的涤纶织物获得较好的亲水性,并具有一定的耐洗性和抗静电性。     

Mechanistic Studies of Particulate Soil Detergency: II: Hydrophilic Soil Removal

In this work, the removal mechanism of kaolinite and ferric oxide (model hydrophilic particulate soils) from hydrophilic (cotton) and hydrophobic (polyester) fabrics was studied using three surfactant types: sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), octylphenol ethoxylate (OP(EO)10), and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). This work investigated the relations between zeta potential, surfactant adsorption, contact angle, solid/liquid spreading pressure, and dispersion stability in washing solutions as compared to detergency performance and antiredeposition as a function of surfactant concentration and pH level. The SDS showed the best detergency for both particulate soils, followed by OP(EO)10, with CTAB being the least effective surfactant. For SDS, the electrostatic repulsion between fabric and soil was found to be the dominant force for hydrophilic particulate soil removal. For the nonionic surfactant OP(EO)10, electrostatics are also important and steric effects aid particulate soil detergency. Electrostatic forces and solid/liquid interfacial tension reduction aids CTAB detergency. These same detergency mechanisms have previously been found for the case of hydrophobic soil removal from fabrics. Dispersion stability did not prove to be a dominant mechanism governing particulate soil detergency. From the SEM photos of soiled fabric, ferric oxide attaches to the fabric surface with no entrapment between fabric yarns; moreover, ferric oxide tends to form larger aggregates on cotton compared to polyester fabric. The adhesion of larger particles is hypothesized to be weaker than the smaller ones. Therefore ferric oxide can be more easily removed from cotton fabric than polyester. The SEM photos for kaolinite show little visual difference in particle agglomeration on polyester compared to cotton. Removal of kaolinite from cotton was found to be higher than from polyester, but there is less difference than for ferric oxide.     

Laundry Detergency of Solid Nonparticulate Soil or Waxy Solids: Part II. Effect of the Surfactant Type

In this work, methyl palmitate with a melting point around 30°C was used as a model of waxy soil. Its detergency was evaluated with a hydrophilic surface (cotton) or a hydrophobic surface (polyester) using different surfactants: alcohol ethoxylate (EO9), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), methyl ester sulfonate (MES), methyl ester ethoxylate (MEE), and two extended surfactants (C_12,14-10PO-2EO-SO₄Na and C_12,14-16PO-2EO-SO₄Na). The detergency efficiency at a 0.2 wt.% surfactant and 5 wt.% NaCl gradually increased while redeposition gradually decreased with increasing washing temperature in most studied surfactant solutions; this was observed both above and below the melting point of methyl palmitate on both studied fabrics. If the methyl palmitate was heated above the melting point when deposited on the fabric, it was better able to penetrate into the fabric matrix as compared to deposition below the melting point, resulting in poorer detergency for heated deposition, particularly for washing temperatures lower than the melting point. Among the surfactants studied, the nonionic surfactant (EO9) showed the highest detergency efficiency (73–94%) at any washing temperature especially on the polyester fabric. For washing temperatures below the melting point, detergency performance correlated well with the contact angle of surfactant solution on the solid methyl palmitate surface for all studied surfactants when salinity was varied. In this work, conditions resulting in the highest detergency below the melting point corresponded to the highest detergency above the melting point, suggesting this as a systematic approach to formulating below the melting point of the soil. Charge of particles or fabric was not observed to be important to the detergency mechanism, but steric factors resulting from surfactant adsorption were observed to be important mechanistic factors in waxy solid detergency.     

聚醚嵌段改性硅油的合成与应用

将端含氢硅油与烯丙基聚氧烷乙基环氧基醚进行加成反应,再使用端氨基聚醚对其进行氨化反应,得到聚醚嵌段改性硅油。并用于全棉织物、涤棉织物的整理。结果表明：经聚醚嵌段改性硅油整理后的织物具有良好的亲水性、手感、白度等。     

织物整理剂改性氨基硅油

氨基硅油因有良好的吸附性、反应性 ,已被广泛用于纤维织物的整理。最早使用的氨基硅油可赋予织物良好的柔软性 ,但吸水性较差 ,且易黄变。随着人们对纺织品性能的要求越来越高 ,再改性氨基硅油成为开发的热点。改性的方法主要有环氧化、酰胺化、仲胺化、季铵化或混合改性等。改性后的氨基硅油对织物的柔软、平滑、透气、抗菌等性能大大改善。     

Preparation of silicone oil nanoemulsion softeners using different surfactants and their effect on physical characteristics of polyester fabric

Silicone oil nanoemulsion softeners with different particle sizes can be prepared using different surfactants with various ratios aminosilicone oil, surfactants concentration and time of mixing. The silicone oil nanoemulsion softeners could penetrate well into the polyester fibers; therefore, they can induce desirable physicochemical properties in the fabric. In current study, we first prepared silicone oil nanoemulsion softeners by designing via DOE software and with different particle sizes using nonyl phenol, octyl phenyl ether and fatty alcohol surfactants, and we investigated them using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) techniques. In DOE software, the effect of various independent variables of emulsification process such as surfactant type, oil weight fraction, surfactant concentration and time of mixing on dependent variables were studied including particle size, z-average and width. Then, we examined the physical characteristics of polyester fabric by applying silicone oil macro, micro and nanoemulsion softeners. The treated fabrics with these softeners were compared with each other through the physical properties. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed the polyester fabric treated with silicone nanoemulsion softeners appeared to have smoother fiber surface. To prove the penetration of silicone particles into the fabric fibers, a cross section was taken from the cross section of polyester fabric by microtome in liquid nitrogen. The TEM images from cross section of fabrics treated with the silicone oil nanoemulsion softeners confirmed that the nanoparticles had penetrated well into the polyester fibers; therefore, they could induce desirable physicochemical properties in the fabric.     

新型纺织印染后整理剂AL-12

介绍了新型纺织功能性整理剂AL-12的性能原理、整理工艺、性能检验和主要用途等。结果表明,该多功能整理剂AL-12是集易去污、防污、抗静电和抗菌4种功能于一身的印染后整理剂,无毒、无刺激性,整理工艺简单,节约能源,对棉、涤均有理想效果。     

巴士客车用丙烯酸聚氨酯罩光清漆的制备

介绍了以聚酯树脂和特种助剂对罩光清漆进行改性,制得了适合巴士客车使用的丙烯酸聚氨酯罩光清漆。分析了聚酯树脂和特种助剂对罩光清漆的丰满度、抗划伤性能、流平性和施工性能的影响。结果表明当选用高固含、高羟基聚酯树脂对丙烯酸树脂进行改性时,涂料具有较好的丰满度和抗划伤性能;当流平剂选用丙烯酸类和有机硅类搭配使用时,可大大提高罩光清漆的流平性能;当触变剂BYK-410的用量为0.3%时,清漆一次涂装干膜60μm不流挂,当DBE慢干剂用量为2%时,涂料具有好的施工性能。     

锦棉户外织物的拒水拒油整理

采用FCB15型拒水拒油整理剂对锦棉织物进行拒水、拒油整理,得出最佳的整理工艺:整理剂质量浓度20 g/L,烘焙温度160℃,烘焙时间3 min。经此工艺整理的织物,虽然织物强力和透气性有略微的下降,但并不影响织物的服用性能;织物具有优良的拒水拒油性能,且经过洗涤后织物仍然具有良好的拒水拒油性能。     

Function of lipase in lipid soil removal as studied using fabrics with different chemical accessibility

Fatty stain removal is enhanced by the inclusion of lipase in washing compounds and leads to increased lipid removal from within the fibers. Cotton fabrics with varied morphology/chemistry were investigated to study the accessibility of soil in textiles to detergent and lipase. Three cotton fabrics (untreated, mercerized, and carboxymethylated cotton), differing in chemical accessibility, and Tencel^TM lyocell fabric, a microdenier manufactured cellulosic fiber, were subjected to three treatments—unwashed, washed with detergent, and washed with lipase—so as to understand further the effects of fiber morphology on lipase effectiveness. Both detergents and lipase removed more soil from the more chemically accessible and hydrophilic textiles. Lipase increased lipid removal for all fabrics and all morphological locations on the fiber, including fiber surfaces, interfiber capillaries, small capillaries, and the center of the yarn bundle. Lipase removed significant quantities of soil from the lumen in untreated and mercerized cotons; these fabrics showed the largest total increases in amount of lipid removed by lipase. When the fiber surfaces were smoother and the fiber structure was less open and not carboxymethylated, i.e., the mercerized cotton fabric, more lipase benefit was observed (72% of the residual soil left after washing with detergent was removed when lipase was added). The total soil removal from the mercerized cotton fabric by use of lipase was equal to that observed for the more open, hydrophilic carboxymethylated fabric and for the Tencel, which has no lumen or other morphological features of natural cotton such as crenulations. Lipase appeared to enhance lipid removal under conditions where removal by the detergent surfactant system was limited. Furthermore, we concluded that lipase acted to remove lipid soil from within the fibers by functioning at the interior surfaces of microfibrils and pores within the fiber structure at the lipid-water interface.     

针刺布鞋材的抗菌及易去污功能整理

阐述了易去污和抗菌的原理,并针对涤纶针刺非织造布的特点,选择含氟防污整理剂和甲壳素抗菌整理剂对其进行易去污及抗菌整理。试验结果表明:整理剂的用量和反应温度是影响试验效果的关键因素,在整理加工过程中,选择适当的整理助剂和工艺参数进行后整理加工,可制得具有优异的抗菌、易去污功能的针刺非织造布鞋材。     

有机硅季铵盐抗菌剂

本文介绍了甲基三乙氧基硅烷季铵盐和甲基二甲氧基硅烷季铵盐的合成方法、产品性能。这两种有机硅季铵盐主要应用领域为织物耐洗抗菌整理和家用抗菌除臭,抗菌效果达到国外同类产品水平。配合抗真菌增效剂,其抗真菌效果更优。     

Mechanistic Studies of Particulate Soil Detergency: I. Hydrophobic Soil Removal

The mechanism of particulate soil detergency using aqueous surfactant systems is not well understood. In this research, carbon black (model hydrophobic soil) removal from a hydrophilic (cotton) and hydrophobic (polyester) fabric is studied using anionic, nonionic, and cationic surfactants. The zeta potential, solid/liquid spreading pressure, contact angle and surfactant adsorption of both soil and fabric are correlated to detergency over a range of surfactant concentrations and pH levels. Electrostatic repulsion between fabric and soil is generally found to be the dominant mechanism responsible for soil removal for all surfactants and fabrics. Steric effects due to surfactant adsorption are also important for nonionic surfactants for soil detachment and antiredeposition. Solid/liquid interfacial tension reduction due to surfactant adsorption also aids in detergency in cationic surfactant systems. Wettability is not seen as being an important factor and SEM photos show that entrapment of soil in the fabric weave is not significant; the particles are only attached to the fabric surface. Anionic surfactants perform best, then nonionic surfactants. Cationic surfactants exhibit poor detergency which is attributed to low surfactant rinseability.     

氟烷基烯酸酯改性氨基硅油的合成及其涤纶增深整理

以3-氨丙基甲基二乙氧基硅烷、二甲基二甲氧基硅烷为原料制得氨基硅油;以十三氟辛醇、衣康酸等为原料制得衣康酸双（十三氟辛基）酯;分别采用衣康酸双（十三氟辛基）酯、丙烯酸十三氟辛酯与氨基硅油中的伯氨基发生加成反应,制得2种含氟烯酸酯改性氨基硅油,并将其应用于涤纶织物的增深整理。研究了衣康酸双（十三氟辛基）酯改性氨基硅油中氟的质量分数和氨基的质量分数及整理工艺对涤纶织物增深整理效果的影响。衣康酸双（十三氟辛基）酯改性氨基硅油中增加氟的质量分数有利于增深率的提高,而增加氨基的质量分数却导致增深效果降低;丙烯酸十三氟辛酯改性氨基硅油对涤纶织物增深整理的最佳工艺条件为：整理剂浓度30 g/L,焙烘温度160℃,焙烘时间2 min,增深提升率达19.40%。两种改性氨基硅油对涤纶织物均有较好的增深作用。     

Nonionic surfactants and dispersants for biopolishing and stonewashing with Hypocrea jecorina cellulases

Cellulases are widely applied in textile finishing, such as for the removal of protruding surface fibrils to reduce pilling propensity and to achieve the worn‐out look in denim garments. The main drawback of enzymatic denim processing is the back‐staining of indigo, which reduces the desired blue–white contrast. Alongside an accurate selection of the type of cellulase or vigorous post‐washing of the garments, the simultaneous application of auxiliaries in the enzymatic treatment may help to reduce back‐staining and improve cellulase efficiency. In the present work, the influence of additives such as surfactants and dispersing agents on indigo adsorption and on the treatment of an undyed cotton fabric with Hypocrea jecorina cellulases was investigated. Indigo adsorption was successfully reduced by more than 75% with ethoxylated nonionic surfactants at concentrations below 0.2 g l^?1. The weight loss of cotton fabrics after 120 min treatment was significantly increased with nonionic surfactants and polyvinylpyrrolidone. It could be further shown that protein adsorption on the cotton fabric decreased with the increasing concentration of the additives, while the nonionic surfactants were more efficient than the polyvinylpyrrolidone. Adsorption of a complete cellulase mixture was affected differently by the surfactants than by an exoglucanase‐free endoglucanase‐rich preparation.     

涤纶织物的丝胶改性和染色工艺研究

涤纶织物通过丝胶处理后,吸湿性、抗静电性和回潮率有了明显的提高,改善了涤纶织物的服用性能。用酸性染料对处理后的涤纶织物进行染色,染色均匀。经固色后,取得了较高的染色牢度。