Model-Driven Development for scientific computing. Computations of RHEED intensities for a disordered surface. Part II

Modelling, simulation, and visualisation together create the third branch of human knowledge on equal footing with theory and experiment. Model-Driven Development (MDD) has been proposed as a means to support the software development process through the use of a model-centric approach. The objective of this paper is to address the design of an architecture for scientific application that may execute as multithreaded computations, as well as implementations of the related shared data structures.

New version program summary

Program title: Growth09Catalogue identifier: ADVL_v3_0Program summary URL:http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/ADVL_v3_0.htmlProgram obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University, Belfast, N. IrelandLicensing provisions: Standard CPC licence, http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/licence/licence.htmlNo. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 30 940No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 3 119 488Distribution format: tar.gzProgramming language: Embarcadero DelphiComputer: Intel Core Duo-based PCOperating system: Windows XP, Vista, 7RAM: more than 1 GBClassification: 4.3, 7.2, 6.2, 8, 14Catalogue identifier of previous version: ADVL_v2_1Journal reference of previous version: Comput. Phys. Comm. 180 (2009) 1219Subprograms used:

Cat Id	Title	Reference
ADUY_v4_0	RHEED1DProcess	CPC 999 (9999) 9999

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Model-Driven Development for scientific computing. Computations of RHEED intensities for a disordered surface. Part I

Scientific computing is the field of study concerned with constructing mathematical models, numerical solution techniques and with using computers to analyse and solve scientific and engineering problems. Model-Driven Development (MDD) has been proposed as a means to support the software development process through the use of a model-centric approach. This paper surveys the core MDD technology that was used to develop an application that allows computation of the RHEED intensities dynamically for a disordered surface.

New version program summary

Program title: RHEED1DProcessCatalogue identifier: ADUY_v4_0Program summary URL:http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/ADUY_v4_0.htmlProgram obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University, Belfast, N. IrelandLicensing provisions: Standard CPC licence, http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/licence/licence.htmlNo. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 31 971No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 3 039 820Distribution format: tar.gzProgramming language: Embarcadero C++ BuilderComputer: Intel Core Duo-based PCOperating system: Windows XP, Vista, 7RAM: more than 1 GBClassification: 4.3, 7.2, 6.2, 8, 14Catalogue identifier of previous version: ADUY_v3_0Journal reference of previous version: Comput. Phys. Comm. 180 (2009) 2394Does the new version supersede the previous version?: NoNature of problem: An application that implements numerical simulations should be constructed according to the CSFAR rules: clear and well-documented, simple, fast, accurate, and robust. A clearly written, externally and internally documented program is much easier to understand and modify. A simple program is much less prone to error and is more easily modified than one that is complicated. Simplicity and clarity also help make the program flexible. Making the program fast has economic benefits. It also allows flexibility because some of the features that make a program efficient can be traded off for greater accuracy. Making the program fast also has the benefit of allowing longer calculations with better resolution. The compromise between speed and accuracy has always posted one of the most troublesome challenges for the programmer. Almost all advances in numerical analysis have come about trying to reach these twin goals. Change in the basic algorithms will give greater improvements in accuracy and speed than using special numerical tricks or changing programming language. A robust program works correctly over a broad spectrum of input data.Solution method: The computational model of the program is based on the use of a dynamical diffraction theory in which the electrons are taken to be diffracted by a potential, which is periodic in the dimension perpendicular to the surface. In the case of a disordered surface we can use the proportional model of the scattering potential, in which the potential of a partially filled layer is taken to be the product of the coverage of this layer and the potential of a fully filled layer:

     

基于MDA的代码生成器设计与实现

针对如何将业务模型转换为程序代码的问题,提出一种代码生成器设计方案,用以实现模型驱动架构中代码的自动生成。介绍采用XML描述的面向业务对象的平台无关模型,在此基础上设计实现代码生成器,完成从平台无关模型到代码的自动转换,以支持在业务模型变化后系统行为的快速变化和代码的自动生成,通过实例演示该代码生成器的应用。     

模型驱动的嵌入式仿真系统设计

为解决嵌入式系统仿真应用需求多样性的问题并提高系统的开发效率,设计一种通用嵌入式仿真系统。该系统在Matlab/Simulink开发环境的基础上,采用模型驱动的方法设计仿真模型并构建仿真组件库,实现了仿真系统模型的快速建立。同时设计了多接口、可扩展的仿真器硬件结构,解决了嵌入式系统接口的多样性问题。该仿真系统具有良好的可重用性和可移植性等特点,可用于多种嵌入式软件的开发,具有现实意义。     

基于TLA的事件图模型形式化验证方法*

针对目前没有直接对事件图模型进行形式化验证的方法,提出了一种基于行为时态逻辑(temporal logic of action,TLA)的事件图模型形式化验证方法.该方法利用TLA语言能够同时表达模型行为与逻辑规则的特点及其与事件图的相似性,将事件图模型及性质规约用TLA语言进行形式化描述,从而使该模型能够被TLA模型...     

Cooperative and competitive concurrency in scientific computing. A full open-source upgrade of the program for dynamical calculations of RHEED intensity oscillations

A computational model is a computer program, which attempts to simulate an abstract model of a particular system. Computational models use enormous calculations and often require supercomputer speed. As personal computers are becoming more and more powerful, more laboratory experiments can be converted into computer models that can be interactively examined by scientists and students without the risk and cost of the actual experiments. The future of programming is concurrent programming. The threaded programming model provides application programmers with a useful abstraction of concurrent execution of multiple tasks. The objective of this release is to address the design of architecture for scientific application, which may execute as multiple threads execution, as well as implementations of the related shared data structures.

New version program summary

Program title: GrowthCPCatalogue identifier: ADVL_v4_0Program summary URL:http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/ADVL_v4_0.htmlProgram obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen?s University, Belfast, N. IrelandLicensing provisions: Standard CPC licence, http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/licence/licence.htmlNo. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 32 269No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 8 234 229Distribution format: tar.gzProgramming language: Free Object PascalComputer: multi-core x64-based PCOperating system: Windows XP, Vista, 7Has the code been vectorised or parallelized?: NoRAM: More than 1 GB. The program requires a 32-bit or 64-bit processor to run the generated code. Memory is addressed using 32-bit (on 32-bit processors) or 64-bit (on 64-bit processors with 64-bit addressing) pointers. The amount of addressed memory is limited only by the available amount of virtual memory.Supplementary material: The figures mentioned in the “Summary of revisions” section can be obtained here.Classification: 4.3, 7.2, 6.2, 8, 14External routines: Lazarus [1]Catalogue identifier of previous version: ADVL_v3_0Journal reference of previous version: Comput. Phys. Comm. 181 (2010) 709Does the new version supersede the previous version?: YesNature of problem: Reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) is an important in-situ analysis technique, which is capable of giving quantitative information about the growth process of thin layers and its control. It can be used to calibrate growth rate, analyze surface morphology, calibrate surface temperature, monitor the arrangement of the surface atoms, and provide information about growth kinetics. Such control allows the development of structures where the electrons can be confined in space, giving quantum wells or even quantum dots. In order to determine the atomic positions of atoms in the first few layers, the RHEED intensity must be measured as a function of the scattering angles and then compared with dynamic calculations. The objective of this release is to address the design of architecture for application that simulates the rocking curves RHEED intensities during hetero-epitaxial growth process of thin films.Solution method: The GrowthCP is a complex numerical model that uses multiple threads for simulation of epitaxial growth of thin layers. This model consists of two transactional parts. The first part is a mathematical model being based on the Runge–Kutta method with adaptive step-size control. The second part represents first-principles of the one-dimensional RHEED computational model. This model is based on solving a one-dimensional Schrödinger equation. Several problems can arise when applications contain a mixture of data access code, numerical code, and presentation code. Such applications are difficult to maintain, because interdependencies between all the components cause strong ripple effects whenever a change is made anywhere. Adding new data views often requires reimplementing a numerical code, which then requires maintenance in multiple places. In order to solve problems of this type, the computational and threading layers of the project have been implemented in the form of one design pattern as a part of Model-View-Controller architecture.Reasons for new version: Responding to the users? feedback the Growth09 project has been upgraded to a standard that allows the carrying out of sample computations of the RHEED intensities for a disordered surface for a wide range of single- and epitaxial hetero-structures. The design pattern on which the project is based has also been improved. It is shown that this model can be effectively used for multithreaded growth simulations of thin epitaxial layers and corresponding RHEED intensities for a wide range of single- and hetero-structures. Responding to the users? feedback the present release has been implemented using a well-documented free compiler [1] not requiring the special configuration and installation additional libraries.Summary of revisions:

• 1. 

  The logical structure of the Growth09 program has been modified according to the scheme showed in Fig. 1.1 The class diagram in Fig. 11 is a static view of the main platform-specific elements of the GrowthCP architecture. Fig. 21 provides a dynamic view by showing the creation and destruction simplistic sequence diagram for the process.

• 2. 

  The program requires the user to provide the appropriate parameters in the form of a knowledge base for the crystal structures under investigation. These parameters are loaded from the parameters.ini files at run-time. Instructions to prepare the .ini files can be found in the new distribution.

• 3. 

  The program enables carrying out different growth models and one-dimensional dynamical RHEED calculations for the fcc lattice with basis of three-atoms, fcc lattice with basis of two-atoms, fcc lattice with single atom basis, Zinc-Blende, Sodium Chloride, and Wurtzite crystalline structures and hetero-structures, but yet the Fourier component of the scattering potential in the TRHEEDCalculations.crystPotUgXXX() procedure can be modified and implemented according to users? specific application requirements. The Fourier component of the scattering potential of the whole crystalline hetero-structures can be determined as a sum of contributions coming from all thin slices of individual atomic layers. To carry out one-dimensional calculations of the scattering potentials, the program uses properly constructed self-consistent procedures.

• 4. 

  Each component of the system shown in Figs. 11 and 21 is fully extendable and can easily be adapted to new changeable requirements. Two essential logical elements of the system, i.e. TGrowthTransaction and TRHEEDCalculations classes, were designed and implemented in this way for them to pass the information to themselves without the need to use the data-exchange files given. In consequence each of them can be independently modified and/or extended. Implementing other types of differential equations and the different algorithm for solving them in the TGrowthTransaction class does not require another implementation of the TRHEEDCalculations class. Similarly, implementing other forms of scattering potential and different algorithm for RHEED calculation stays without the influence on the TGrowthTransaction class construction.

Unusual features: The program is distributed in the form of main project GrowthCP.lpr, with associated files, and should be compiled using Lazarus IDE. The program should be compiled with English/USA regional and language options.Running time: The typical running time is machine and user-parameters dependent.References:

• [1] 

  http://sourceforge.net/projects/lazarus/files/.

     

UML和CPN在企业销售信息管理系统开发中的应用

UML是标准的统一建模语言,但缺乏合适的工具对其所建立的模型进行严格定量的分析。CPN(有色Pctri网)是严格定义的数学对象,可以模拟和检验用UML描述的系统对象的行为属性。该文以企业销售信息管理系统为实例描述了通过UML进行建模的过程,并用CPN对所建立的模型进行了分析和检验。     

模型驱动的测试用例自动生成框架

提出一个基于模型驱动架构(MDA)的测试用例生成框架,其中,平台无关的系统模型通过水平转换成平台无关的测试模型,平台无关的测试模型通过竖直转换生成相应的测试用例。利用MDA转换工具ATL和MOFScript制定相应的转换规则作用于元模型,使测试者只须提供源模型和测试数据即可生成相应的测试用例。     

Performance analysis and verification of safety communication protocol in train control system

Performance analysis and verification of safety communication protocol are important techniques during protocol development process. In order to meet the requirement of safety, an advanced safety communication protocol is proposed to improve the protocol in EURORADIO. Among the improved protocol, the following two elements are added: (1) advanced scheme of establishment of safety connection. (2) double serial number replaces time stamp. The performance analysis related to safety of the advanced protocol and protocol in EURORADIO is given by Colored Petri Net (CPN) model through simulation. The analysis results verify that the advanced protocol has superior performance.     

Unified meta-modeling framework using bond graph grammars for conceptual modeling

Existing techniques for developing large scale complex engineering systems are predominantly software based and use Unified Modeling Language (UML). This leads to difficulties in model transformation, analysis, validation, verification and automatic code generation. Currently no general frameworks are available to bridge the concept-code gap rampant in design and development of complex, software-intensive mechatronic systems called cyber-physical systems. To fill this gap and provide an alternative approach to Object Management Group’s UML/SysML/OCL combination, we propose: Bond Graph based Unified Meta-Modeling Framework (BG-UMF). BG-UMF is a practical and viable alternative and uses a novel hybrid approach based on model unification and integration. The focus is on conceptual design and development of executable models for large systems. The viability of the framework is demonstrated through an application scenario: conceptual design and development of a navigation and control system for a rotor-craft UAV.     

基于UML的军用ATS体系结构分析与设计方法

体系结构分析与设计主要用于描述系统的接口、功能及结构的初步实现,是将系统需求映射成体系结构的活动。为保证开发的军用ATS体系结构能够反映和满足系统需求,其体系结构分析与设计必须在一定的方法指导下进行,为此提出了基于UML的军用ATS体系结构分析与设计方法,并结合一个“虚拟仪器测试引擎开发”的实例,对使用UML的体系结构面向对象分析与设计方法进行了具体论述。     

Modeling and verification of a telecommunication application using live sequence charts and the Play-Engine tool

We apply the scenario-based approach to modeling, via the language of live sequence charts (LSCs) and the Play-Engine tool to a real-world complex telecommunication service, . It allows a user to call for help from a doctor, the fire brigade, a car maintenance service, etc. These kinds of services are built on top of an embedded platform, using both new and existing service components, and their complexity stems from their distributed architecture, the various time constraints they entail, and their rapidly evolving underlying systems. A well known problem in this class of telecommunication applications is that of feature interaction, whereby a new feature might cause problems in the execution of existing features. Our approach provides a methodology for high-level modeling of telecommunication applications that can help in detecting feature interaction at early development stages. We exhibit the results of applying the methodology to the specification, animation and formal verification of the Depannage service.

UML在流程工业优化调度工艺描述系统中的应用

结合建模工具Rational Rosc说明如何在系统开发过程中运用UML建模。通过流程工业优化调度工艺描述系统的实际建模，对UML建模应用作了进一步说明。     

输送系统的UML建模、优化与实现

将面向对象方法引入输送系统的建模和分析过程,采用统一建模语言UML对系统的功能、对象结构、行为和活动以及实现方式等建立了一整套模型。UML模型可以采用面向对象语言快速实现,按照模块化结构,使用PLC编程语言也可实现面向对象编程。采用UML对输送系统进行分析可将系统实现的复杂性降低,有利于系统的分析和设计,系统的优化算法可以在此基础上进一步研究和实现。（以一个工程为实例,说明了相对于传统的顺控方案,以UML模型为基础的输送系统在开发和维护、扩充和代码重用等方面具有显著优势,UML在顺序控制系统中具有广阔的应用和研究前景。）     

基于模型的嵌入式系统软件工程语言AADL与UML的比较

随着嵌入式系统规模、复杂度和性能需求的提升,嵌入式系统开发的重点从代码级提前到模型级,模型驱动体系结构成为嵌入式系统开发的主流。统一建模语言(UML)和结构分析和设计语言(AADL)是模型驱动系统工程的标准,从方法、扩展机制和应用领域三个方面对两者进行研究和比较,讨论模型分析、模型转换等相关技术。最后,探讨了UML和AADL的发展与研究方向     

结合UML和RAISE的软件开发方法研究

面向对象方法形象、直观、使用方便,但难以消除二义性。形式化方法严密、可靠、可验证,但软件规约不直观,不符合开发人员的使用习惯,探讨一种结合面向对象方法UML和形式化方法RAISE的软件开发方法。     

基于UML的并行自动测试系统的设计与实现

并行测试技术是未来自动测试系统的发展方向之一，而目前国内外尚无实用的并行测试系统体系结构的开发模型。该文介绍了基于UML的并行测试系统分析、设计和实现的全过程，为并行测试系统的研发提供了一个参考。     

基于UML的用户管理系统分析与设计

对UML产生的背景及其基本模型进行了阐述,以用户管理系统的UML建模为背景,探索了基于UML的管理信息系统建模及UML中多种模型图的使用方法,并对传统的访问控制模型做了改进。最后对系统效率进行了验证。     

基于HLA和UML的光电对抗系统仿真研究

根据当前的仿真技术发展和面临的光电对抗系统的实际需求,设计了一个以光电对抗仿真为背景,基于HLA技术的可扩展的开放式仿真体系结构,着重研究基于FEDFP模型的联邦开发过程、联邦设计及运行流程.并用UML分析设计联邦成员用例图、类图、活动图,进一步增强了建模的直观性和易理解性.该系统实现了一个可重用、具有互操作性的光电仿真"支撑平台" ,为战术应用研究和论证提供先进的技术途径和管理运作方式,对光电仿真的继续研究提供参考.     

可视化业务模型的设计与实现

针对xUML, OCL, ASL等模型驱动的执行工具过于侧重语义完整,不够直观,使得设计人员难以理解的问题,在MOF第二层基础上改造UML元模型元素,建立一种支持人机交互的元模型可视化动作模型(VAM),在此基础上实现一个VAM执行引擎。模型的执行过程和实际代码的执行过程相似,提高了模型驱动开发在需求验证和测试中的可用性。