莫尔条纹在印刷品加密信息中的再现研究

本文研究如何利用莫尔条纹原理解释图书加密信息的解密。首先设计加密再现实验装置,利用光学显微镜测量加密卡和解密卡光栅常量,用面探测器记录形成的莫尔条纹,从而得到了加密信息再现的实验结果,接着理论分析得到了莫尔条纹的周期公式,最后将改变解密卡与加密卡的夹角获得的实验结果即当夹角余弦值从0.948 8到0.999 4变化时,对应的莫尔条纹周期从0.38 mm变化到6.27 mm,与理论结果进行了分析对比,分析表明实验结果与理论分析一致,从而论证了莫尔条纹在信息解密中的应用,这有助于增进对莫尔条纹在信息安全和防伪领域中应用的理解。     

Selective Excitation of Polarization-Steered Chiral Photoluminescence in Single Plasmonic Nanohelicoids

The development of chiral photoluminescence (PL) has drawn extensive attention owing to its potential applications in optical data storage, biosensing, and displays. Due to the lack of effective synthesis methods, colloidal metal nanostructures with intrinsic chiral PL have rarely been reported. Herein, the chiral excitation and emission properties of single gold nanohelicoids (GNHs) are reported for the first time. By measuring their circular dichroism (CD) response and excitation/emission polarization-resolved PL spectra, it is revealed that the intrinsic chirality arising from the geometric handedness of the GNHs induces the observed excitation-polarization-correlated chiral PL. Two models are developed to analyze the observed circular-polarization-steered effect: (1) a chiral PL phenomenological model quantitatively reproduces the PL dissymmetry features; (2) a chiral Purcell effect model reveals that the super-chiral near fields in the GNHs account for the far-field chiral responses such as the polarization-steered chiral PL. The findings not only provide an important understanding of the physical mechanism responsible for luminescent chiral plasmonic nanostructures, but also expand the research on chiral PL-active materials from achiral/chiral hybrid systems to metallic nanostructures with intrinsic structural chirality, thereby broadening the scope of applications in 3D chiral imaging and sensing as well as microstructure analysis.     

基于莫尔条纹的光纤惯性式振动传感器系统

设计了一种基于莫尔 条纹的光纤惯性式振动传感器,通过光栅对(grating pair)的相对运动产生莫尔条纹实现振 动位移的感知,由4路光纤作 为信号的传输通道将莫尔条纹信息传输至信号处理电路。详细讨论了莫尔条纹与振动信号的 关系,经信号 处理电路以及莫尔条纹细分、方向辨别算法,将莫尔条纹信号转换成振动位移和方向。通过 幅频特性补偿 电路对低频段进行补偿,实现平坦的宽频带频率响应。实验结果表明,传感器的谐振频率为 5.35Hz,通过 补偿后下降至0.05Hz;在0.1～1000Hz频率响应范围内,起伏小于0.011mm。     

Moiré‐Pattern‐Tuned Electronic Structures of van der Waals Heterostructures

Moiré patterns are quasi‐periodic geometric patterns generated by the incommensurate stacking between two monolayers; they have rapidly attracted enormous attention due to their profound ability to modulate the electronic properties of 2D materials. For instance, the Bloch band of the Moiré superlattice, which is known as the Moiré band, can become flat at a specific series of discrete angles, and these flat bands are capable of exhibiting strong correlation behaviors such as the high‐temperature superconductivity reported recently. Moiré patterns can alter electronic properties, while surface reconstruction can modify Moiré patterns. In this review, the fundamental geometry is discussed and the basic electronic structure modification is summarized. Surface reconstruction is a method of tuning the electronic properties of a Moiré superlattice. Strong correlation phenomena, such as superconductivity, superfluidity, and magnetism induced by the flat bands, have been confirmed experimentally in recent years, which will be discussed in detail. Some possible application opportunities based on the fascinating characteristics of the Moiré pattern will also be presented. Because of the growing interest in Moiré patterns and related physical phenomena, it is anticipated that a deeper understanding of the fundamental physics of Moiré systems and further progress in the investigation of strong correlation phenomena are forthcoming.     

应用非线性自适应迭代重建算法层析热流场

为了提高光学计算层析技术(OCT)对热流场的诊断能力,采用非线性自适应迭代重建算法(NAIRT)重建热流场的截面温度分布。应用准直激光束扫描待测热流场,应用双光栅衍射获得莫尔条纹。为了获得层析投影数据,对莫尔条纹进行了包括傅立叶变换、数字滤波、逆傅立叶变换、相位分析和截面提取,最终获得扫描光线偏折角信息,即层析投影。应用NAIRT对偏折角迭代重建热流场的折射率分布,应用G_D变换进一步转换为温度分布,从而获得热流场的截面温度层析信息。结果表明,NAIRT不仅能精确重建实验热流场的截面温度分布,还可以层析热流场的任意截面。所以,NAIRT能够有效诊断热流场。     

平面手征结构的旋光度精密测量

基于精密步进电机和光纤光谱仪的光学测试系统,优化设计了一种精确测量手征结构样品旋光度的方案。对手征样品旋光性的理论分析结果表明,由于周期性手征结构样品制作过程中90°旋转对称性被打破,线偏振光经过样品后偏振面旋转角度与入射光的偏振面角度有关。实验测量结果直接证明了理论分析的正确性。利用设计的光学测试系统对采用电子束光刻技术制作的周期性平面手征结构样品进行旋光度测量的结果表明,样品在波长为633nm处具有0.05°的旋光度,很好证明了研制的周期性平面手征结构具有一定的旋光性。     

全息拼接光栅的误差研究

为了制作大面积拼接光栅,对全息光栅拼接误差进行了分析。利用参考光栅与光场光栅形成的莫尔条纹来控制拼接光栅位置和误差,确定了参考光栅莫尔条纹间距、倾斜度及相位与拼接光栅位置之间的关系。研究了参考光栅面和拼接光栅基片不平行时莫尔条纹与拼接光栅条纹的相位一致性,计算了光程差漂移对拼接光栅相位对准误差的影响,分析了工作平台移动对光栅拼接误差的影响。得出光栅拼接总误差为0.15λ,该误差接近光栅拼接精度要求,通过实验验证了全息光栅拼接误差分析的正确性。结果表明,利用参考光栅进行全息光栅拼接是可行的。全息拼接光栅的误差分析为制作米量级高精度拼接光栅提供了理论支持。     

Van der Waals Nanowires with Continuously Variable Interlayer Twist and Twist Homojunctions

Moiré patterns at van der Waals interfaces between twisted 2D crystals give rise to distinct optoelectronic excitations, as well as, narrowly dispersive bands responsible for correlated electron phenomena. Contrasting with the conventional, mechanically stacked planar twist moirés, recent work shows twisted van der Waals interfaces spontaneously formed in nanowires of layered crystals, where Eshelby twist due to axial screw dislocations stabilizes a chiral structure with small interlayer rotation. Here, the realization of tunable twist in germanium(II) sulfide (GeS) van der Waals nanowires is reported. Tapered nanowires host continuously variable interlayer twist. Homojunctions between dislocated (chiral) and defect-free (achiral) segments are obtained by triggering the emission of axial dislocations during growth. Measurements across such junctions, implemented here using local absorption and luminescence spectroscopy, provide a convenient tool for detecting twist effects. The results identify a versatile system for 3D twistronics, probing moiré physics, and for realizing moiré architectures without equivalent in planar systems.     

Moiré effects in computer-generated holograms

Moiré patterns are generated on a computer digital printout when a mathematical sampling grid is superimposed over a two-dimensional function to be plotted. The appearance of these Moiré effects in the computer-generated zone plates takes the form of additional zone-plate patterns if the incremental sampling grid is rectangular.     

预混燃烧火焰的光偏折层析三维动态可视化

使用光偏折层析(CT)方法研究了非稳态预混燃烧流 场的参数测量及火焰结构表征。建立了适用于瞬态流场层 析的叠栅光偏折投影条纹图有序阵列采样系统,实现了单光栅副、单CCD、多方向、同时和 同光路条件的动 态采样。构建适用于少数投影光偏折计算层析的混合正则化重建算法。实验测量中,对C 4H10/空气预混燃烧 流场进行6视角动态采样,使用混合正则化算法对燃烧流场进行截面二维温度分布重建,使 用Sobel梯度 算子进行火焰内外区域温度分布的阈值分割。对4个不同时刻共计150 条莫尔条纹进行信息提取并重建出 20个截面的温度分布,使用移动立方体面绘制算法和光线投射体绘制 算法对三维体数据进行 显示,实现了燃烧流场参量分布及火焰结构的三维动态可视化。     

基于反射光栅的超精密定位系统研究

应用光学理论研究了一种μm级位移分辨率的反射型双级光栅测量系统,建立了反射莫尔信号与对应位移的数学模型,通过计算机仿真分析了反射莫尔信号的位移特性,进而设计了一套基于反射光栅的精密定位系统。系统取反射的0次激光莫尔信号为控制信号,由微机控制实现高精度位置检测及超精密自动定位;采用的修正莫尔技术,极大地提高了位置检测信号的灵敏度及定位精度;通过粗定位和精定位相结合的两段式复合定位,实现高速高精度定位。实验结果表明,基于反射光栅的精密定位系统可获得±10nm的定位精度。     

Training-based descreening.

Conventional halftoning methods employed in electrophotographic printers tend to produce Moiré artifacts when used for printing images scanned from printed material, such as books and magazines. We present a novel approach for descreening color scanned documents aimed at providing an efficient solution to the Moiré problem in practical imaging devices, including copiers and multifunction printers. The algorithm works by combining two nonlinear image-processing techniques, resolution synthesis-based denoising (RSD), and modified smallest univalue segment assimilating nucleus (SUSAN) filtering. The RSD predictor is based on a stochastic image model whose parameters are optimized beforehand in a separate training procedure. Using the optimized parameters, RSD classifies the local window around the current pixel in the scanned image and applies filters optimized for the selected classes. The output of the RSD predictor is treated as a first-order estimate to the descreened image. The modified SUSAN filter uses the output of RSD for performing an edge-preserving smoothing on the raw scanned data and produces the final output of the descreening algorithm. Our method does not require any knowledge of the screening method, such as the screen frequency or dither matrix coefficients, that produced the printed original. The proposed scheme not only suppresses the Moiré artifacts, but, in addition, can be trained with intrinsic sharpening for deblurring scanned documents. Finally, once optimized for a periodic clustered-dot halftoning method, the same algorithm can be used to inverse halftone scanned images containing stochastic error diffusion halftone noise.     

双包层手征光纤中的半漏模

研究了纤芯和内外外层都有手征的双包层手征光纤中的半漏模，给出了单包层和双包层手征光纤中几个低阶模的有效折射率和功率损耗系数随手征参数的变化关系曲线。结果表明，双包层手征光纤中的半漏模特性与半单包层手征光纤中的相比有很大的不同；当只有包层中有手征时，单包层手征光纤中也存在半漏模。     

Self-powered circularly polarized light detector based on asymmetric chiral metamaterials

Circularly polarized light (CPL) has been given great attention because of its extensive application. While several devices for CPL detection have been studied, their performance is affected by the magnitude of photocurrent. In this paper, a self-powered photodetector based on hot electrons in chiral metamaterials is proposed and optimized. CPL can be distinguished by the direction of photocurrent without external bias owing to the interdigital electrodes with asymmetric chiral metamaterials. Distinguished by the direction of photocurrent, the device can easily detect the rotation direction of the CPL electric field, even if it only has a very weak responsivity. The responsivity of the proposed detector is near 1.9 mA/W at the wavelength of 1322 nm, which is enough to distinguish CPL. The detector we proposed has the potential for application in optical communication.     

含手性氯酸钠晶粒凝胶材料的制备及偏振特性研究

本文采用标准水溶液法生长出各向同性的手性氯酸钠 (NaClO3 )微小晶粒 ,以溶胶 -凝胶法获得含手性氯酸钠晶粒的透明凝胶材料 ,同时对其偏振特性进行了测试 ,并观察到了这种材料的旋光特性。     

Biopolymer Templated Glass with a Twist: Controlling the Chirality,Porosity, and Photonic Properties of Silica with Cellulose Nanocrystals

A detailed investigation of the formation and properties of mesoporous silica templated by the chiral nematic liquid crystal phase of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) is presented. Under appropriate conditions, CNCs co‐assemble with silica up to loadings of ≈60 wt% to give composite films with periodic chiral nanostructures. The periodicity of these films can be readily controlled to obtain materials that selectively reflect light with wavelengths ranging from ≈400–1400 nm. The co‐assembly of CNCs and silica into ordered chiral nematic structures is demonstrated to occur within a narrow window of pH and is affected by aging: a slow rate of silica condensation appears to be vital for the formation of well‐ordered materials. CNCs can be removed from the composite films by calcination or acid hydrolysis to give high surface area chiral nematic mesoporous silica (CNMS) with tunable pore diameters. The combination of mesoporosity and chiral nematic ordering in CNMS enables it to be used in a unique way for refractometric sensing applications. It is shown that, when using circular dichroism (CD) signals to monitor the chiral photonic properties of CNMS, variations in refractive index can be detected based on changes of both CD signal intensity and peak position with good sensitivity.     

Chiral Metallopolymers for Redox-Mediated Enantioselective Interactions

Synthetic chiral platforms can be a powerful platform for enantioselective interactions, especially when coupled with redox-mediated electrochemical processes. While metallopolymers are versatile platforms for molecularly selective binding, their application for chiral applications is limited. In particular, the recognition and separation of biologically relevant chiral molecules can be key for biomanufacturing and diagnostics. Here, the design of chiral redox-polymers enables electrochemically-controlled enantioselective interactions, and supramolecular chirality is leveraged for enhancing recognition towards target enantiomers. Chiral redox-metallopolymers are synthesized based on Ugi's amine-inspired chiral monomers, and their enantioselective recognition toward ionic enantiomers such as tryptophan and naproxen is demonstrated, with higher enanhcement provided by the chiral redox-polymer over the single-site, chiral building bloack itelf. 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and solid-state circular dichroism support the emergence of supramolecular chirality resulting from the intramolecular interaction between the ferrocene and the alkyl group in the backbone. The half potential shift of the redox-polymers behaves linearly from 0% to 100%ee l -tryptophan to enable enantiomer quantification. Investigation on solvent polarity and pH effect reveal that the enantioselective mechanism is attributed to the subtle balance between hydrogen bonding and π–π interaction. This study highlights the potential of chiral redox-metallopolymers as platforms for electrochemically-modulated enantioselective interactions towards a range of amino acids and pharmaceutical carboxylates.     

平行手征光纤之间的耦合系数

对放置于手征介质中的两根平行手征光纤之间的耦合系数进行了详细的数值计算和讨论，给出了耦合系数随手征参数、相对介电常数、归一化频率、光纤之间的距离等的变化关系曲线。     

自由立体显示器垂直交错狭缝光栅的设计

针对传统的光栅式自由立体显示器设计方法中垂直光栅形成的莫尔条纹明显而斜光栅的对应可视区域较小这一问题.本文提出一种能减轻莫尔条纹的垂直交错光栅设计方法.以一个像素高度的1/2为单位对光栅进行分段,将相邻两段狭缝错开一定距离,减小通过同一狭缝看到两相邻子像素间黑条的比例,提高莫尔条纹中暗部分的亮度,从而减轻莫尔条纹.仿真...