广东农村沼气建设现状与发展对策

发展农村沼气对解决农民生活用能，缓解能源紧张，改善农村的生产生活条件，增加农民收入，减少薪柴消耗，实现造林绿化，充分发挥山区和农村环境的生态屏障功能有非常积极的意义。针对广东农村沼气建设的现状、特点和存在问题，文章提出从加大政府扶持和宣传培训、加强示范管理、引进和推广沼气综合利用技术等方面加快广东农村沼气建设的建议。     

农村家用沼气池合理容积的探讨

我省农村推广沼气已有力多年的历史。20多年来，人们始终把解决农民生活用能作为推广沼气的主要目的，要建地就必须建一个能解决农户全部生活用能的沼气池。由于一般农户每天生活用能需沼气1．2m3，而水压式沼气地平均产气率为0．2m3／d，为保证全天用气，沼气地容积必须达到6m3。因此6m3水压式沼气池一直是农村农用沼气地推广的主要池型。20多年过去了，实际的情况表明：（1）许多建有6m3沼气池的农户，仅靠沼气并不能解决全部生活用能的问题；（2）不少地方的沼气池在建成3年后的正常使用率并不高，有的地方甚至只能达到30％左右；（3）沼…     

发展沼气推动农村经济建设

沼气不仅可以解决农村生活用能问题,还可以保护和改善生态环境,提高农产品质量,从而增加农民经济效益,所以发展沼气是实现农村经济可持续发展的途径之一.     

沼气发酵系统在发展中国家农业发展中的作用

在发展中国家、这作物秸秤和人畜粪便资源量很大，经厌氧消化后，不仅能解决农村生活用能问题，而且开展沼气及其残留物的综合利用将对农业的稳定笔持续发展起到积极的推动作用。厌氧消化系统可渗透到能源、种植业、养业、渔业、副业和农副产品加工业等农业中各个领域。厌氧消化系统农业的有机结合，是发展中国家发展农业的有效理想途径之一。     

沼气行业所面临的问题及对策

随着农村可持续发展战略的实施，广大农民改善生活质量、提高生活水平、解决农村生活用能、保护生态环境已经成为可再生能源行业广泛关注的热点，国家的投入也在不断加大，一个以沼气行业为代表的农村可再生能源产业正在进入快速发展阶段。     

发展沼气对环保和生态的贡献

沼气具有能源、生态、环保、经济和社会的多重功能，发展农村沼气，可以解决农村能源短缺，保护生态环境，减少农药、化肥的污染，促进农业可持续发展，改善环境卫生，提高农民生活质量。     

海门市农村能源综合建设工作有特色

海门市农村能源综合建设工作有特色与上海市隔江相对，滨江临海的江苏省海门市，全市有３０个乡镇卫生院建上沼气净化池计３１处，不仅有效地解决了卫生院粪便病原菌污染的问题，而且能保持沼气常年供应不断。刘浩六甲镇，有沼气净化池公厕１６座，新建的一条长达７ｙ）ｒ...     

怎样做好农村沼气的推广普及工作

农村沼气建设不仅可以缓解农村生活用能的紧张状况，而且可以极大地改善农民的生活环境，有效地保护农村森林资源。建立以沼气为纽带、以种养为基础的生态农业，是促进农村经济发展，帮助农民脱贫致富奔小康的有效途径。因此，做好农村沼气的推广普及工作具有重要的意义。门）搞好样板示范，以点带面全面推广推广沼气必须认真搞好样板示范点，而且最好在当地比较有威信的人家里设点示范，这样会取得更好的宣传效果；同时，示范点要与培训班、现场会相结合，广泛开展宣传，最终达到以点带面全面推广的效果。（2）做好宣传培训工作，提高群众…     

生态沼气池探讨

1　发展农村沼气存在的问题农村推广沼气一直是以解决炊事用能为主要目的,普遍采用6～8ｍ3的水压式沼气池,这种以解决一日三餐的炊事用能为主要目的的“能源沼气池”有很大的局限性,主要表现在:11　对大多数农户来说,要靠沼气解决全部的炊事用能是困难的,它受到发酵原料严重短缺的制约发酵原料是生产沼气的物质基础。从理论上讲,农村沼气资源十分丰富,但问题在于:1.不是所有沼气资源都能开发利用,这里既存在经济效益问题,也存在技术问题(例如以秸秆做沼气发酵原料就存在这些问题);2.从总体上讲农村的沼气资源可能是丰富的,但具体到每个农户…     

上流式小型高效沼气装置的研究

上流式小型高效沼气装置的研究农业部成都沼气研究所赵玉凤，熊永永厌氧发酵工艺的发展；推动了我国农村的沼气建设。研究高效厌氧消化工艺，增强微生物活性及蓄集量，使有机物与活性污泥得到充分混合，有效地分解利用，从而提高原料和装置的产气率，又不增加管理负担，这...     

Role of exergy in increasing efficiency and sustainability and reducing environmental impact

The use of exergy is described as a measure for identifying and explaining the benefits of sustainable energy and technologies, so the benefits can be clearly understood and appreciated by experts and non-experts alike, and the utilization of sustainable energy and technologies can be increased. Exergy can be used to assess and improve energy systems, and can help better understand the benefits of utilizing green energy by providing more useful and meaningful information than energy provides. Exergy clearly identifies efficiency improvements and reductions in thermodynamic losses attributable to more sustainable technologies. A new sustainability index is developed as a measure of how exergy efficiency affects sustainable development. Exergy can also identify better than energy the environmental benefits and economics of energy technologies. The results suggest that exergy should be utilized by engineers and scientists, as well as decision and policy makers, involved in green energy and technologies in tandem with other objectives and constraints.     

The additional benefits of energy efficiency investments—a systematic literature review and a framework for categorisation

Investments in industrial energy efficiency are essential for meeting future energy needs. Nevertheless, the industrial sector’s current efforts in energy efficiency investments are insufficient. Additional benefits of energy efficiency investments have been suggested to improve the financial attractiveness of energy efficiency investments. Yet, previous research indicates that not all benefits are included when investment opportunities are evaluated, leading to an underestimation of what a firm will gain from the investment. Additionally, previous research lacks conceptual frameworks for describing these additional benefits at an early stage in the investment process. Moreover, various benefit terms are found in currently existing research, but there are a lack of definitions and distinctions attributed to these terms. Therefore, this paper provides a systematic review on the benefit terms of energy efficiency investments, establishes non-energy benefits as the term most relevant for such investments and provides a new definition of the concept. Further, a new framework for categorising non-energy benefits to enable them to be included during the investment process is developed, in which the level of quantifiability and time frame of the non-energy benefits are taken into account. Including non-energy benefits in the investment process can make energy efficiency investments more attractive and increase their priority against other investments. Moreover, non-energy benefits can reinforce drivers as well as counterbalance known barriers to energy efficiency investments. Acknowledging non-energy benefits can thus contribute to an increased adoption level for energy efficiency investments.     

Ecological and economic benefits of the application of bio-based mineral fertilizers in modern agriculture

In the transition from a fossil to a bio-based economy, it has become an important challenge to maximally recuperate valuable nutrients coming from waste streams. Nutrient resources are rapidly depleting, significant amounts of fossil energy are used for the production of chemical fertilizers, whereas costs for energy and fertilizers are increasing. In the meantime, biogas production through anaerobic digestion produces nutrient-rich digestates. In high-nutrient regions, these products cannot or only sparingly be returned to agricultural land in its crude unprocessed form. The consequent processing of this digestate requires a variety of technologies producing lots of different derivatives, which could potentially be re-used as green fertilizers in agriculture. As such, a sustainable alternative for fossil-based mineral fertilizers could be provided. This study aims to characterize the physico-chemical properties of digestates and derivatives, in order to identify the fertilizer value and potential bottlenecks for agricultural re-use of these products, in line with European legislative constraints. In addition, the economic and ecological benefits of substituting conventional fertilizers by bio-based alternatives are quantified and evaluated. Waste water from acidic air scrubbers for ammonia removal shows potential for application as N-S fertilizer. Analogously, concentrates resulting from membrane filtrated liquid fraction of digestate show promise as N-K fertilizer. Substituting conventional fertilizers by digestate derivatives in different cultivation scenarios can result in significant economic and ecological benefits for the agriculturist. Starting from theoretical scenarios outlined in the current study, field test validation will be required to confirm the potential substitution of fossil-based mineral fertilizers by bio-based alternatives.     

Ecological and economic cost-benefit analysis of offshore wind energy

Wind energy has experienced dramatic growth over the past decade. A small fraction of this growth has occurred offshore, but as the best wind resources become developed onshore, there is increasing interest in the development of offshore winds. Like any form of power production, offshore wind energy has both positive and negative impacts. The potential negative impacts have stimulated a great deal of opposition to the first offshore wind power proposals in the U.S. and have delayed the development of the first offshore wind farm in the U.S. Here we discuss the costs and benefits of offshore wind relative to onshore wind power and conventional electricity production. We review cost estimates for offshore wind power and compare these to estimates for onshore wind and conventional power. We develop empirical cost functions for offshore wind based on publicly reported projects from 2000 to 2008, and describe the limitations of the analysis. We use this analysis to inform a discussion of the tradeoffs between conventional, onshore and offshore wind energy usage.     

电池储能电站电网侧经济效益及运行效益分析

  目的  电池储能电站的建设是未来电网发展的必然趋势,文章旨在研究当前电池技术和峰谷电差政策条件下的电池储能电站的经济效益和运行效益。  方法  以电网侧储能电站为对象出发,分析以经济效益指数为判据的经济效益、以延缓变电站扩容建设为衡量的运行效益。同时,以东莞地区电池储能电站为例,对其直接经济效益、运行效益和其他效益进行分析。  结果  在当前电池技术和峰谷电差政策的状况下,东莞电池储能电站的经济效益总体略有亏损,但考虑到建设储能电站存在的其他方面的运行效益等,发展电池储能电站有小幅盈利。  结论  以东莞地区电池储能电站为例的经济效益及运行效益分析也可以为其他同类型电池储能电站的效益分析提供参考。     

Study of the carbonation–calcination reaction applied to the hydrogen production from syngas

In the last years the interest in hydrogen as an energy carrier is significantly increased both for vehicle fuelling and stationary energy production by fuel cells. The benefits of a hydrogen energy policy are the reduction of the greenhouse effect and the centralization of the emission sources. Moreover, an improvement to the environmental benefits can be achieved if hydrogen is produced from renewable sources, as biomass.     

清洁生产理念在宾馆饭店管理中的应用

清洁生产以节能、降耗、减污、增效为目标。宾馆饭店营运过程中,会涉及到原材料、能源、水的合理使用和污染物的排放等问题。将清洁生产的理念贯穿于宾馆饭店的经营管理过程中,具有较大的环境效益、经济效益和社会效益,有利于宾馆饭店的可持续发展。     

建设农村能源生态村的工作实践

论述和总结了农村能源系列技术在农村生态环境建设中的主导地位和重要作用,以及将浙江省建德市龙庄村建设成为生态村的指导思想,规划设计、实施目标和成效。     

差异化市场下储能运营风险效益评估

储能得益于其充放电的灵活性可应用于多个电力市场并从中获取相应的效益.然而,储能在获利的同时也要承受来自不同市场的风险,且具有高利润的市场往往伴随着高风险,因此很有必要评估不同市场的风险效益并优化储能应用于不同市场的容量,以期在最小的风险水平下实现效益最大化.提出一种差异化市场下的储能运营风险效益评估方法,考虑能源服务市...     

BIPV系统经济性分析

太阳能作为21世纪最具潜力的洁净能源之一,其相关产业在近几年里发展十分迅速。本文论证了在我国发展太阳能产业的可行性,描述了BIPV系统的结构和优越性,并且结合南京市光伏—建筑一体化系统的实例,通过对其发电效益以及动态平直供电成本的计算对该系统的经济性和环境效益进行了分析。计算结果表明,该实例虽然可以带来很好的环境效益,但是目前发电成本偏高。BIPV系统的普及有赖于太阳电池组件产品价格的降低和相关政策的支持。