尖晶石—石榴石相转变过程中矿物的微量元素组成与分布特征

利用质子微探针和微束ＰＩＸＥ定量分析技术对山东梭罗树地幔橄榄石，斜方辉石，单斜辉石，尖晶石和石榴石等矿物的向量元素和组成与他布进行了研究。结果表明，不相容元素主要富集于单斜辉石内，尖晶石则几乎富集质子探针所能检出的所有向量元素，而石石中向量元素含量最少。     

便携式微束X射线荧光谱仪的研发

研制了便携式微束X射线荧光谱仪,并对其硬件、软件和性能等特征进行了分析。该谱仪应用激光位移传感器实时检测样品测量点到透镜出端之间的距离并自动调节该距离的方法,来解决考古样品表面不平整或弧度而造成的照射样品X射线束斑变化的问题,从而保证X射线照射光斑大小不变。为验证谱仪的可靠性,采用该谱仪测量了表面高度差接近5 mm的古陶瓷样品微区的釉彩层元素的分布。分析结果表明,激光位移传感器能有效减少由于样品表面不平整或弧度带来的测量误差。此外,使用本谱仪分析了5角硬币表面4 mm×4 mm的区域,经过数据处理后得到Cu、Sn等元素的分布及其合金相的分布,表明该谱仪不仅可进行微区能量色散X射线荧光分析（μ-EDXRF）,同时还可进行微区能量色散X射线衍射分析（μ-EDXRD）。     

毛细管X光透镜聚焦的微束X射线荧光谱仪的研发及应用

针对不同样品的分析需求,本文设计了几种不同类型的微束X射线荧光谱仪。用高精度激光位移传感器实时校正样品表面被测量点与毛细管透镜出端之间的距离,以减少形状不规则的古陶瓷样品测量时带来的误差;利用毛细管X光透镜传输能量高于25 keV的X射线效率低的特点,将其应用于高铅釉瓷器彩料的无损分析中;采用大功率X射线源,扫描分析了大米中K、Ca等元素分布;以人民币5角硬币为例,研究了能量色散的微束X射线衍射方法。研究结果表明,本文研发的微束X射线荧光谱仪在生物样品和文物样品的分析研究中有广泛的应用前景。     

智能诊断中动态模糊征兆向量方法

针对由诊断知识的增加带来的对智能诊断系统诊断征兆变化的需求与多方位征兆智能诊断中征兆单位、数值差距过大的问题,提出实时更新元素的动态模糊征兆向量方法。定义了动态模糊征兆向量的概念,采用本体论规范征兆向量元素,建立了基于本体论的征兆向量传输方式。通过分析故障诊断征兆的变化规律,建立了基于模糊隶属函数的诊断征兆模糊化处理方案。实例表明,动态模糊征兆向量方法能有效地解决智能诊断中征兆的更新与征兆数值、单位的统一问题。     

基于地统计空间插值的三维辐射场重构研究

针对源项未知情况下的三维辐射场获取问题，根据辐射场具有空间自相关性的特点，利用地统计空间插值中结合对数变换的普通克里金方法来进行辐射场重构。通过两个实测的辐射场数据集对该方法进行了测试，结果表明，该方法在选取Exponential模型或Spherical模型来进行半方差拟合，且测量点为随机选取的情况下，其重构结果平均偏差的平均值为21.51%～74.01%,证明了该方法在实际应用中具有一定的有效性和可行性。另外，对测量点分布情况与辐射场重构准确性之间的关系进行了初步分析，确定了测量点的分布应尽可能均匀的选取方案。     

用同步辐射X射线荧光微区分析技术测定单晶硅中的掺杂元素As

利用同步辐射Ｘ射线微区分析技术，研究了单晶硅中掺杂元素Ａｓ浓度的定量分布，并对结果进行了讨论。     

单个气溶胶粒子的SPM分析

把用安德联撞击采样器获得的空气动力学直径７－１１μｍ的气溶胶粒子镶嵌在ＰＶＤＦ薄膜内，用扫描质子微探针方法对在１８０μｍ×１５０μｍ范围内一群单个气溶胶粒子中１２种元素的含量进行了微区分析，用三维等高线法给出了一群单溶胶粒子中１２种元素的两维分布，并对采样地区的大气污染来源进行了较深入的分析，为大气污染研究提供了新方法。     

微束背散射分析元素微区分布的研究

微束背散射分析元素微区分布的分析方法使上海原子核研究所的质子微探针能在微区内综合使用质子激发Ｘ射线荧光和背散射等多种核效应，为样品由轻元素到重元素的全面无损、双微（微区、微量）分析提供了依据。应用该方法还测量了Ｓｉ３Ｎ４／ＳｉＣ复合陶瓷材料，证明了该分析方法的可靠性。     

HL-1M装置机械位移测量

1 测量方法 位移测量系统由探头、信号连接线、电源连接线、配套仪器、显示纪录仪器、支架等组成。探头和配套仪器自制。测量原理为直流电桥法。实际测量则采用了对称位置比较测量的方法,测量了环向场径向(2个测量点)、环向场环向(4个测量点)、真空室径向(1个测量点)、内欧姆上线圈垂直方向(1个测量点)共8个点的机械位移量和方向。     

复型法在核承压设备点蚀测试中的应用

对复型法测量点蚀坑大小、分布等进行了实验研究，分析了该方法的现场检测操作步骤和适用范围。     

A synchrotron radiation microprobe for X-ray fluorescence and microtomography at ELETTRA

A synchrotron radiation microscope based on X-ray fluorescence and computed microtomography for advanced applications in biomedicine, environmental sciences, geology and materials science is described. This microscope will utilize the radiation produced by a bending magnet of ELETTRA, the third-generation, high-brilliance synchrotron radiation facility being built in Trieste. Various wide-band-pass mirror systems operating in an energy range between 7 and 17 keV have been designed. For example, multilayer-coated mirrors in the Kirkpatrick-Baez configuration can produce a spatial resolution of 1 μm² for a flux in excess of 10⁸ photons per second on the sample (E = 12 keV, E/ΔE = 10). This X-ray microprobe will allow micrometric mapping of trace and minor elements and computed tomographic imaging with high resolution, opening a new realm of experiments in different fields of science, such as in vivo elemental scanning and microtomography of cultured cells, analysis of single atmospheric particulates, analysis of cosmic debris collected from the stratosphere and antarctic ice, etc. The preliminary design of the beam line and the performance of the microprobe are discussed.     

基于SRXRF的单个流体包裹体无损分析及其在石油地质中的应用

本文叙述了同步辐射X射线荧光微探针用于单个流体包裹体无损分析研究的实验装置和方法，通过测定NIST612标样，计算了目前实验条件下部分元素的检出限，对取自我国西部含油气盆地的典型有机包裹体作无损成分分析，给出了K，Ti,V,Cr,Mn,Fe,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,Rb,Sr,Y,Zr,Ba,Pb等元素的半定量测试结果，并对分析结果在石地质中的应用进行了初步研究。     

Analysis of trace elements in gold alloys by SR-XRF at high energy at the BAMline

Measuring in a non-destructive way the characteristic trace elements of the metal allows following the circulation of gold in the past. The aim of this work is to probe the possibilities of X-ray fluorescence with high energy synchrotron radiation (SR-XRF) at the BAMline at BESSY II to determine the concentration of Pt in ancient gold alloys. A HP-Ge detector was used to measure the Pt K-lines excited with an incident energy of 79.5 keV. Data processing was done by subtraction of a Pt free gold standard spectrum from the spectrum of the sample. Depending on the sample composition, the MDL ranges between 40 and 90 ppm. The first results obtained for a small set of gold alloys of different thickness, size and composition showed that high energy SR-XRF is a significant method for the non-destructive determination of Pt in gold.     

一种基于实时数字图像处理的同步辐射微探针自动化扫描新方法

在上海光源硬X微聚焦及应用光束线站(BL15U1)上实现了一种基于实时数字图像处理的同步辐射微探针自动化扫描方法。该方法采用高灵敏度、高帧率的数字电荷耦合器件(Charge Coupled Device,CCD)显微镜实时成像,通过对显微镜系统和X光微米探针系统的坐标转换,使用户在图像空间直接点击到感兴趣的位置后,样品台就自动将该点移入光路。在设定好扫描时间、扫描步长等必要的实验参数后,只需要用鼠标在图像空间圈出需要扫描的区域,系统将自动生成XPS运动控制器的运动配置文件,并驱动电机运动,对该区域进行微束荧光扫描成像。结果表明,该方法不仅可以提高同步辐射机时的使用效率,而且可以满足微区研究人员快捷、方便的自动化操作需求。     

同步辐射X荧光法测定电泳分离后蛋白条带内的锌

本文初步建立了一种基于电泳分离和同步辐射X荧光(SRXRF)分析技术的生物样品内微量元素的种态分析方法。用同步辐射X荧光法直接分析了人肝细胞胞质溶胶等电聚焦(IEF)分离后蛋白条带内的金属锌含量。结果表明：肝细胞胞质溶胶内主要有三个含锌条带,等电点(pI)分别为4．69、5．93、9．84。含锌量分别占总检出锌的33．08％、17．05％、26．54％。其中等电点为4．69的蛋白可能为金属硫蛋白。另外在等电点为6．60—9．30的范围内有若干含锌蛋白,共占总检出锌的23．33％。     

Synchrotron-induced X-ray fluorescence from rat bone and lumber vertebra of different age groups

The fluorescence spectra from rat bones of different age groups (8, 56 and 78 weeks) and lumber vertebra were measured with 8, 10 and 12 keV synchrotron X-rays. We have utilized the new hard X-ray micro-spectroscopy beamline facility, X27A, available at NSLS with a primary beam spot size of the order of ∼10 μm. With this spatial resolution and high flux throughput, X-ray fluorescent intensities for Ca and other trace elements were measured using a liquid-nitrogen-cooled 13-element energy-dispersive high-purity germanium detector. Regarding the lumber vertebra, we acquired the fluorescence spectra from the left, right and middle portions and calcium accumulation was evaluated and compared with the other samples. We have identified the major trace elements of Ca, Ni, Fe and Zn and minor trace elements of Ti, Cr and Mn in the sample. The percentage of scattered radiation and trace element contributions from these samples were highlighted at different energies.     

Development of a soft X-ray microprobe for single cell radiobiology

An X-ray microprobe for radiobiological studies was developed which deliver precise doses of radiation to the selected individual cells. The facility used synchrotron radiation as soft X-ray source. A zone plate combining with a pinhole produced a fine probe from bending magnet for single cell irradiating with defined doses. The diameter of microprobe at the target position was about 2 μm by scanning a knife-edge with an AXUV photo diode. The fluxes of soft X-rays at 516.7 eV (2.4 nm) were about 5.4×104 photons/s.100mA measured with the photo diode. The absorbed dose rate for typical yeast cells was about 11.34 Gy/s with the storage current of 100 mA. A preliminary experiment for yeast cells irradiation has shown that the microprobe had a definite biological effect for radiobiological investigations. The soft X-ray microprobe at "water window" region has provided a useful tool for single cell irradiating damage and a capability of individually irradiating a certain numbers of cells each time.     

同步辐射X射线荧光研究单个流体包裹体的进展

本文介绍了国内外近十年来用同步辐射X射线荧光分析单个流体包裹体的发展过程和研究进展，以及定量分析单个流体包裹体中微量元素含量的估计和修正方法，并对流体包裹体在石油地质领域中的一些应用作了简要阐述。     

Si(111)晶体峰值衍射效率的测量

提出了一种利用同步辐射光源测量晶体衍射效率的实验方法,通过对Si(111)标样衍射效率理论数据的分析与修正,验证了此方法的合理性和可靠性.指出光源的发散度与晶体的衍射效率密切相关.