DH36高强度钢摩擦柱塞焊工艺与接头组织性能

对高强度船体结构钢DH36钢板进行了摩擦柱塞焊工艺试验研究,对焊接接头微观组织、显微硬度、抗拉强度及连接界面处冲击吸收功进行了观察与测试,对连接界面处拉伸断口进行了扫描电镜观察.结果表明,采用优化摩擦柱塞焊工艺可成功实现DH36高强度钢和柱塞的冶金连接,焊缝区出现明显的硬化倾向,其显微硬度最高可达333 MPa;焊接接头抗拉强度高于母材,连接界面处拉伸断口具有微小等轴韧窝和解理断裂的混合特征,但接头连接界面处冲击吸收功为37 J±5 J,明显低于母材205 J.这是由于焊接热循环过程中在母材与柱塞连接界面附近产生了大量贝氏体及魏氏体铁素体组织导致的韧性降低造成的.     

1200 MPa级高强高韧损伤容限钛合金强韧性研究进展

高强高韧损伤容限钛合金是高强钛合金的重要研究方向,本文重点研究、评述了1200 MPa级高强高韧损伤容限钛合金Ti-5321的拉伸强度与冲击韧性、断裂韧性的关系。Ti-5321合金的微观组织明显影响合金的强度和韧性。片层组织具有较好的强度、塑性、断裂韧性、冲击韧性匹配,而双态组织也有较好的强度、塑性、断裂韧性匹配,但冲击韧性低。结合微观组织演变分析了强度、断裂韧性、冲击韧性的变化规律,并提出了高强高韧损伤容限钛合金的研究方向。     

Influence of Heat Treatments on the Fracture Toughness of 2017A Aluminium Alloy

The present study was carried out on 2017A aluminium alloy, in order to determine the influence of heat treatments on the fracture toughness determined by three point bending tests and empirical formula correlations used Charpy impact energy. The three point bending test has shown that the minimum values of fracture toughness and maximum load were found in the annealed state. Moreover, the hardening heat treatment increases them considerably, especially in the artificially aged condition of the alloy where it provided the maximum values. Schindler’s empirical formula gave the best estimation of fracture toughness in all metallurgical states of 2017A aluminium alloy.     

The impact fracture behavior of aluminum alloy 2024-T351: Influence of notch severity

In this paper, the interactive influences of notch severity and test temperature on the impact properties and fracture behavior of a Al-Cu-Mg alloy 2024 in the T351 microstructural condition is presented and discussed. Notch angles of 45, 60, 75, and 90° were chosen for a standard Charpy impact test specimen containing two notches. For a given angle of the notch, an increase in dynamic fracture toughness, with test temperature, is most significant for the least severe of the notches, i.e., 45°. At a given test temperature, the impact toughness decreased with an increase in notch severity. An increase in notch severity resulted in Mode I dominated failure at all test temperatures. The influence of localized mixed-mode loading is minimal for the alloy in the T351 microstructural condition. The impact fracture behavior of the alloy is rationalized in light of alloy microstructure, mechanisms governing fracture, and the deformation field ahead of the propagating crack.     

Al-6Mg-0.8Zn-0.5Mn-0.2Zr-0.2Er合金低温力学性能与微观组织研究

以Al-6Mg-0.8Zn-0.5Mn-0.2Zr-0.2Er合金为基础,对该材料的冷轧态,温轧态,完全退火态进行从室温降到77 K时的拉伸测试和冲击性能测试。运用背散射电子衍射(EBSD),透射电镜(TEM),扫描电镜(SEM)对合金的原始组织,拉伸断口,冲击断口进行观察,研究不同温度下微观组织对材料拉伸性能及冲击性能的影响。结果表明:随着测试温度的升高,样品的抗拉强度、屈服强度及冲击韧性均逐渐降低;温轧的H114态由于位错缠结规整,亚晶界比较多等原因保持了较高的强度和冲击韧性,实现了高强高韧性能的匹配。     

超低氢高韧性无缝药芯焊丝TME711NiSF的研制

为探究不同合金系焊缝金属对热输入的适应性,用Si-Mn,Si-Mn-Ni,Si-Mn-Ti-B三种合金系的焊材分别以24和35 kJ/cm的热输入对420 MPa低合金高强度钢板进行埋弧焊. 经过冲击、拉伸、硬度试验及光学显微镜、扫描电镜分析,对熔敷金属的组织、性能进行研究. 结果表明,随着热输入增加,再热区比例增大,晶粒长大,三种合金系的韧性均下降,其中Si-Mn合金系对大热输入的适应性最差,脆性转变温度由−70 ℃降到−65 ℃;Si-Mn-Ni合金系析出大量呈方向性的贝氏体,恶化韧性;而Si-Mn-Ti-B合金系提供大量高熔点含Ti的形核质点,促进针状铁素体形成,改善韧性.     

强韧化热处理对TA15钛合金组织和性能的影响

采用光学显微镜,扫描电镜和电子拉伸机等研究了TA15合金经两阶段强韧化退火热处理后的显微组织和性能。结果表明:采取两阶段的热处理工艺后,TA15合金的组织由约20%的初生等轴α,55%的片状α和β转变基体的组织组成;合金具有良好的塑性及较好的室温和高温强度,在975℃×1 h,WQ+850℃×2 h,AC的制度下,TA15合金的室温抗拉强度为1005 MPa,屈服强度为914 MPa,伸长率、冲击韧性分别为13%和72.2 J/cm^2。合金的冲击韧性I与次生片层α厚度t具有较好的线性关系I=26.504t+44.915,冲击断口形貌可以观察到大量的韧窝,表明合金的断裂机制以韧性断裂为主。随着第二重退火温度的升高,次生片层α厚度增加,韧窝逐渐变大,韧性增加。     

热输入对海工用钢不同合金系焊缝金属韧性的影响

为探究不同合金系焊缝金属对热输入的适应性,用Si-Mn,Si-Mn-Ni,Si-Mn-Ti-B三种合金系的焊材分别以24和35 kJ/cm的热输入对420 MPa低合金高强度钢板进行埋弧焊. 经过冲击、拉伸、硬度试验及光学显微镜、扫描电镜分析,对熔敷金属的组织、性能进行研究. 结果表明,随着热输入增加,再热区比例增大,晶粒长大,三种合金系的韧性均下降,其中Si-Mn合金系对大热输入的适应性最差,脆性转变温度由?70 ℃降到?65 ℃;Si-Mn-Ni合金系析出大量呈方向性的贝氏体,恶化韧性;而Si-Mn-Ti-B合金系提供大量高熔点含Ti的形核质点,促进针状铁素体形成,改善韧性.     

Dynamic tensile behaviors of AZ31B magnesium alloy processed by twin-roll casting and sequential hot rolling

The dynamic tensile behavior of twin-roll cast-rolled and hot-rolled AZ31B magnesium alloy was characterized over strain rates ranging from 0.001 to 375 s⁻¹ at room temperature using an elaborate dynamic tensile testing method, and the relationship between its mechanical properties and microstructures. It is observed that the sheet has a strong initial basal fiber texture and mechanical twinning becomes prevalent to accommodate the high-rate deformation. The yield strength and ultimate tensile strength monotonically increase with increasing the strain rate, while the strain hardening exponent proportionally decreases with increasing the strain rate due to twinning-induced softening. The total elongation at fracture distinctly decreases as the strain rate increases under quasi-static tension, while the effect of strain rate on the total elongation is not distinct under dynamic tension. Fractographic analysis using a scanning electron microscope reveals that the fracture is a mixed mode of ductile and brittle fracture.     

Effect of Aging Isothermal Time on the Microstructure and Room-Temperature Impact Toughness of Fe–24.8Mn–7.3Al–1.2C Austenitic Steel with κ-Carbides Precipitation

The microstructure and impact toughness of the as-cast Fe–24.8Mn–7.3Al–1.2C austenitic steel after solution treatment and subsequent aging treatment were investigated in the present work. Research on the κ-carbides precipitation behavior was carried out by transmission electron microscope. The results show that nano-sized coherent κ-carbides were obtained in the as-solutionized steel after aging treatment, which produced precipitation hardening. After being aging treated at 550 °C for 1 h, the steel with regular hexagonal grain structure exhibited a good combination of yield strength (~?574 MPa) and room-temperature impact toughness (~?168 J). In the present steel, the typical cube-on-cube orientation relationship between austenite and κ-carbides was observed. However, due to the long aging isothermal time and high C content, the coarse intergranular κ′-carbide was formed and grew along the austenite grain boundary, which caused this orientation relationship to be destroyed and a dramatical increase of the coherency strain energy at grain boundary. Furthermore, serious embrittlement of grain boundaries caused that cleavage cracks trend to propagate along the grain boundaries. Accordingly, the room-temperature impact toughness decreased sharply. After aging isothermal time prolonging to 13 h, the Charpy V-notch impact toughness was only ~?5 J and fracture mode turned to fully brittle fracture accompanied with flat facets, shear cracks and well-developed secondary crack.     

焊接接头高应变率下的动态断裂韧度分析

对采用Hopkinson气炮加载－Charpy V形冲击试样试验方法对焊接接头高应变率下的动态断裂韧度数据进行了分析研究，通过对试样断口形貌、冲击吸收功、断裂韧度及其影响因素进行分析，表明在高应变率加载条件下，焊接接头冲击试样断口形貌有特殊的表现，延伸带或钝化区的尺寸大小反映了裂纹萌生前的塑性变形大小，也反映了裂纹萌生功的变化趋势。同时说明焊接接头在高速动态冲击载荷作用下，其断裂韧度参量受组配强度、冲击速度及环境温度等因素影响显著，焊接热影响区的断裂韧度值关系到焊接接头断裂韧度的好坏。     

MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT IN THE SIMULATED HEAT AFFECTED ZONE OF V TREATED HSLA STEELS

The simulated heat affected zone （HAZ） of the high strength low alloy （HSLA） steels containing 0%, 0.047%, 0.097% and 0.151% vanadium, respectively, were studied with Gleeble-2000 thermomechanical simulator to determine the influence of vanadium addition on the mechanical properties of the HAZ. The HAZ simulation involved reheating the samples to 1350℃, and then cooling to ambient temperature at a cooling rate of 5℃/s ranging from 800 to 500℃ （△8/5=60s）. The mechanical properties including tensile strength and -20℃ impact toughness were conducted. The microstructures of the base steel and the simulated HAZs were investigated using optical microscope, scanning electron microscope （ SEM ） and transmission electron microscope （TEM）. Based on the systemutic examination, the present work confirmed that about 0.05% vanadium addition to low carbon low alloy steels resulted in expected balance of strength and toughness of the HAZ. And more than 0.10% levels addition led to detrimental toughness of the HAZ SEM study showed that the simulated 0.097% and 0.151%V HAZs consisted of more coarse ferrite plates with greater and more M-A constituents along austenite grain and ferrite plate bound- aries. The impact fracture surfaces of the simulated 0.097% and 0.151%V HAZs showed typically brittle mode with predominant cleavages. The size of the facet in the fracture surface increased with increasing vanadium level from 0.097% to 0.151%.As a result, the simulated 0.151% V HAZ has the lowest impact toughness of the four specimens.     

Technological special features of methods of supersonic thermal spraying

The effect of accelerated ageing on the toughness and fracture of the longitudinal weld metal of an API5L-X52 linepipe steel was evaluated by a Charpy V-notch impact test, fracture analysis and transmission electron microscopy. Ageing was performed at 250°C for 100–1000 h. The impact results indicated a significant reduction in the fracture energy and impact toughness as a function of ageing time, which were achieved by the scanning electron microscope fractographs that showed a decrease in the volume fraction of microvoids by Charpy ductile failure with the ageing time, which promoted brittle fracture due to transgranular cleavage. The minimum volume fraction of microvoids was reached at 500 h due to the peak age. The microstructural analysis indicated the precipitation of transgranular iron nanocarbides in the aged specimens, which was related to the deterioration of toughness and change in the ductile to brittle behaviour.     

AZ31镁合金及其TIG焊接接头断裂机理研究

对AZ31镁合金及其焊接接头进行拉伸、冲击和疲劳试验,分析了镁合金的断裂机理及疲劳裂纹扩展方向.母材拉伸试验结果表明,试样几乎没有缩颈,抗拉强度为236.29 MPa;焊接接头的抗拉强度为185.68 MPa,拉伸断裂从焊接接头焊趾部位启裂,抗拉强度为母材的78%.冲击试验在-80～340 ℃进行,结果表明,在较低温度下AZ31镁合金冲击韧性较小,断口为准解理形貌的脆性断裂;随着温度的增加,断裂形式由准解理+韧窝形貌的混合断裂过渡为韧性断裂;在常温下焊缝中心的冲击韧性比母材的高,但热影响区的冲击韧性较差.AZ31B镁合金母材的疲劳强度为66.72 MPa,对接接头的疲劳强度为39.00 MPa;母材疲劳断口由解理台阶组成,为脆性断裂;焊接接头疲劳断口由解理和准解理台阶组成,为脆性断裂.     

热处理工艺对Mg-5Y-3Nd-1Gd-0.4Zr镁合金冲击韧性的影响

采用冲击实验研究了热处理工艺对Mg-5Y-3Nd-1Gd-0.4Zr镁合金U型缺口和无缺口试样的冲击韧性的影响,同时研究了时效时间对于时效态样品冲击性能缺口敏感性的影响.结果表明:固溶处理后合金的冲击韧性最高,断口形貌具有韧脆混合断裂特征,而时效后合金的冲击韧性迅速降低,断口形貌呈现脆性断裂的特征.这是由于固溶处理后合...     

Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of Al–40 wt.%Zn alloy processed by equal-channel angular extrusion

The Al-based Al–40 wt.%Zn alloy was subjected to multi-pass equal-channel angular extrusion (ECAE) via route-A and route-B_C. Before and after ECAE processing, microstructural evolution, the tensile properties, impact toughness and fracture behavior of the alloy were investigated.ECAE processing caused to elimination of the as-cast dendritic microstructure and formed a structure consisting of elongated, ribbon shaped α-phase via route-A and mostly equiaxed α-phase via route-B_C. ECAE processing also caused plastic instability as necking at early onset of deformation. As a result of more effective mechanical mixing via route-B_C, softening and necking occurred more apparently. The tensile and yield strength of the alloy increased just after first pass and then slightly decreased with increasing number of passes. On the other hand, its elongation to failure and impact toughness increased with increasing number of passes in both routes. The increase obtained via route-A is more pronounced in both properties. Fracture behavior of the as-cast alloy changed from brittle to ductile mode after multi-pass ECAE. Elimination of dendritic as-cast structure with reduction of porosities and deformation-induced homogenization by the effect of ECAE processing increased the ductility and impact toughness of the alloy and caused formation of a fracture surface consisting of micro-voids and dimples which indicates of ductile fracture. Attained experimental results indicate that multi-pass ECAE processing is very effective in improving the tensile elongation and impact toughness of binary Al–40 wt.%Zn alloy.     

Ti-6.5Al-3.5Mo-1.5Zr-0.3Si合金中α′相和α″相的组织演变与力学性能

对Ti-6.5Al-3.5Mo-1.5Zr-0.3Si合金进行固溶时效处理,随后使用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、XRD衍射仪、拉伸试验以及冲击性能试验,分析固溶时效对合金中α′相和α″相的组织演变与力学性能的影响。结果表明,固溶处理后的微观组织中发生初生α相尺寸变小并趋于等轴化,尺寸较小的初生α相发生溶解并消失,其β转变组织变得不明显,经时效后的微观组织中析出大量α_s相,β转变组织更加明显。经固溶处理后,组织均由α+α′+α″相构成,经时效处理后,组织由α相和β相构成。合金经固溶处理后,其抗拉强度为1336 MPa,屈服强度为1070 MPa,断后伸长率为6%,断面收缩率为22%,冲击吸收能量为16 J。经时效处理后,强度随时效温度升高而升高,塑性趋势与之相反,其冲击性能几乎没有变化。合金经固溶处理后的拉伸与冲击断口微观形貌均由韧窝构成,为典型的韧性断裂。经时效处理后,拉伸和冲击断口的微观形貌有明显的高低起伏,随着时效温度的升高,韧窝的尺寸和数量减少,并出现撕裂棱以及空洞,断裂类型有向脆性断裂转变的趋势,但仍以韧性断裂为主。     

Toughness of tempered upper and lower bainitic microstructures in a 4150 steel

The effects of tempering on the Charpy impact toughness and tensile properties of upper and lower bainite in a 4150 steel have been studied. The results correlate with quantitative measurements taken from both the fracture surfaces and the microstructures of Charpy test specimens. The fracture surfaces from impact specimens having a lower bainitic microstructure were characterized by quasicleavage fracture, whereas those having an upper bainitic microstructure exhibited only cleavage fracture. The quasicleavage facet size and cleavage facet size correlate with bainite packet size and bainite block size. After tempering at high temperatures, the impact toughness is greatly improved for both the upper and lower bainitic microstructures. Changes in toughness correlate with the microstructural change in carbide shape and distribution resulting from the different tempering operations.     

The fracture toughness and fatigue behavior of DRA

‘In this study, the fracture toughness and elevated-temperature tensile and fatigue behavior of discontinuously reinforced aluminum (DRA) were examined. The effects of heat treatment and specimen thickness on fracture toughness were studied in a 7093/SiC_p composite. The toughness of the DRA was lowest in the peak-aged condition, but increased considerably in the overaged condition. The highest toughness was obtained at a critical value of specimen thickness; this critical value was used to fabricate a laminated composite consisting of alternating layers of DRA and unreinforced alloy. Elevated-temperature tensile and fatigue behaviors were investigated in a 2080-T6/SiC_p composite at different volume fractions and particle sizes. Increasing reinforcement volume fractions resulted in increases in tensile and fatigue strength. Exposure tests for 300 h at 150°C produced no significant reduction in ultimate tensile strength or yield strength, indicating good thermal stability of the 2080 matrix. For more information, contact A.B. Pandey, Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433; (937) 255-1320; fax (937) 255-3007; e-mail awadh.pandey@ml.afrl.af.mil.