着火改进剂对乙醇--柴油燃料排放特性的影响

随着乙醇含量的增加，乙醇柴油混合燃料的含氧量增大，但热值、十六烷值和粘度下降。助溶剂可以提高混合燃料的稳定性，着火改进剂能提高它的十六烷值。在发动机上的研究结果表明：柴油机的排放与负荷、掺醇量、助溶剂及着火改进剂有关。大负荷时，随着混合燃料中乙醇含量的增加，烟度明显改善，NOx排放有所降低，但使用乙醇柴油混合燃料时，未燃乙醇和乙醛排放增加，而且CO和总碳氢(THC)排放高于柴油，但助溶剂与着火改进剂能降低CO和THC排放，THC排放甚至低于柴油。     

柴油机燃用柴油醇的性能与排放特性的研究

研究了两种15％柴油醇在柴油机上的性能与排放特性。在ZS1100柴油机上，使用两种15％的柴油醇(加与不加十六烷值改进剂)，在保持发动机动力性不变的条件下，测试了发动机在主要工况下的油耗、排气温度、烟度和一氧化碳(CO)、氮氧化物(NOx)、总碳氢(THC)等有害气体排放物，且与原机进行了比较。分析结果发现：在柴油中加入一定比例的乙醇，发动机的比油耗增加，但有效热效率可以提高1％～2％；发动机的烟度在各种工况下都能够显著降低；CO在低负荷下增加，在高负荷下减少；而NOx在低负荷下降低，却在大负荷下增加；THC在各种工况下都增加。在柴油醇中加入十六烷值改进剂后，发动机的经济性和热效率没有明显变化，但是CO和NOx在各种工况下都低于不加十六烷值的混合燃料，THC却进一步升高。     

柴油十六烷值改进剂的使用性能与应用

主要介绍了柴油十六烷值改进剂的作用机理、种类和应用情况,并详细介绍了不同的十六烷值改进剂的特点。十六烷值改进剂受热分解产生活性自由基,使得柴油的自燃活化能大大降低,从而缩短发动机燃烧的滞燃期,改善发动机的燃烧性能。     

煤制-石化柴油的排放特性研究

在CA4DF3R-13高压共轨柴油机上研究了欧Ⅲ石化柴油、煤制-石化混合柴油和煤制柴油(CTL)的排放性能,以及添加不同剂量的润滑改进剂和十六烷值改进剂对煤制-石化柴油排放性能的影响,结果表明,CTL比油耗比石化柴油略高,排放基本相同,添加十六烷值改进剂可以改变比油耗,添加润滑改进剂可以改变排放。     

十六烷值改进剂对涡流室柴油机排放特性的影响

将自选研制的有机硝酸酯类十六烷值改进剂以不同浓度加到柴油中,对影响95型涡流室柴油机的排放特性进行了实验研究,结果表明,该十六烷值改进剂可明显降低柴油机NOx的排入;在适宜浓度下,对HC和CO排放没有影响;但使排气烟度有所恶化。实验还测试了该剂对燃油经济性的影响,结果表明,该剂可略微降低柴油机的有效燃油耗。     

柴油十六烷值改进剂的使用,研究与发展

本文概括地介绍了国内外柴油十六烷值改进剂的组成和使用性质。其中主要讨论了有机胡酸酯类主烷值改进剂的作用效果，并痢要探讨了其作用机理。在此基础上，为尽快使 国柴油十六烷值改进剂的研究规范化、实用化和经提出了若干具体建议。     

十六烷值对欧-Ⅳ柴油机燃烧与排放性能的影响

在一台满足欧Ⅳ排放法规的高压共轨增压中冷柴油机上使用7种不同十六烷值柴油进行试验,发动机不做任何调整,以分析十六烷值对柴油机性能的影响.结果表明:十六烷值每上升一个单位平均造成欧Ⅳ柴油机燃油消耗率降低0.2%、PM降低0.6%、HC和SOF降低1.5%,十六烷值提高时动力性和NOx、DS排放影响不明显.十六烷值上升造成欧Ⅳ柴油机预喷着火始点提前,对燃烧持续期和放热规律形状无显著影响.     

十六烷值改进剂对乙醇-柴油发动机放热率与排放的影响

研究了十六烷值改进剂对轻型高速柴油机燃用乙醇柴油燃料时放热率与排放特性的影响．在含15％乙醇的柴油中加入不同量(0、0．2％和0．4％)的十六烷值改进剂,并在一台高速柴油机上分别对这些燃料进行了试验研究．结果表明：柴油机燃用乙醇-柴油后,动力性有一定程度降低,但是热效率得到较大幅度改善,烟度和氮氧化物排放有很大程度的降低;在乙醇-柴油中加入适量的十六烷值改进剂,柴油机的动力性有所恢复,烟度和氮氧化物进一步降低,中低负荷下CO和HC排放得到很大改善．乙醇柴油燃料的着火延迟增加,燃烧持续期缩短,大负荷下最大放热率增加;加入一定量的十六烷值改进剂,中高负荷下的燃烧特性可以恢复到柴油机的水平,但是在低负荷下与纯柴油仍然有一定的差别．     

自然吸气直喷压燃式发动机燃用柴油醇的性能和排放

应用助溶剂解决了乙醇和柴油相溶性较差的问题并配制柴油醇燃料,分析了柴油醇的主要理化特性,结果表明,柴油醇的黏度、热值和十六烷值有所下降,但汽化潜热却明显增加。自然吸气直喷压燃式发动机不作任何调整,燃用E10柴油醇,动力性和经济性基本不变,燃用E20柴油醇,动力性下降,小负荷经济性恶化。燃用柴油醇,在中小负荷工况,CO和HC浓度排放增加,NOx浓度排放减少;在大负荷工况,CO浓度排放减少,HC浓度排放变化较小,NOx浓度排放增加,排气烟度降低明显。柴油醇中乙醇含量越多,排放性能变化越大。适当推迟供油提前角对压燃式发动机燃用柴油醇的性能有利。     

有机硝酸酯类柴油十六烷值改进剂的研究

研制了一种成分为脂环旋硝酸酯的柴油十六烷值改进剂，并测定出这种改进的一系列理化性质。分析了有机硝酸酯缩短着火滞燃期的化学理。实机研究了这种改进剂对柴油十六烷值和燃烧特性的改善效果，以及柴油机燃油消耗量和烟度的影响，研究结果表明，脂环旋硝酸酯作为柴油十六烷值改进剂具有很高的使用价值。     

Analysis of combustion characteristics,engine performance and exhaust emissions of diesel engine fueled with upgraded waste source fuel

Utilization of the waste products as an alternative fuel could reduce the dependence on fossil fuel. The three types of upgraded waste source fuels discussed in this paper were tire derived fuel (TDF), waste plastic disposal fuel (WPD) and upgraded waste cooking oil (UWCO). The detailed combustion pressure showed that kinematic viscosity and cetane number played an important role in determining the combustion quality. TDF's high kinematic viscosity and low cetane number affected its fuel vaporization process; thus, lengthening its ignition delay. UWCO showed the 14% higher power and 13.8% higher torque compared to diesel fuel (DF). WPD produced the lowest NOx due to its low pressure curve during combustion. TDF had produced the highest exhaust emissions (CO, CO₂, NO and NOx). Particulate matter (PM) emissions by UWCO blends were lower than DF. UWCO's soot concentration was 40% lower than DF and increased to 62.5% from low to high engine speed operation.     

利用实测放热规律研究十六烷值改进剂对柴油机着火特性和燃烧过程的影响

通过基础油和加剂油实测放热规律的对比,就自行研制的ｃ－ＲＯＮＯ２柴油十六烷值改进剂对柴油机着火和燃烧过程的影响进行了深入的分析。结果表明,十六烷值改进剂能加速柴油的氧化过程,缩短着火滞燃期,使预混合燃烧期和扩散燃烧期的放热百分经得到合理分配,从而改善了柴油机的着火和燃烧特性。     

Influence of cetane number improver on performance and emissions of a common-rail diesel engine fueled with biodiesel-methanol blend

In this paper, the effect of cetane number (CN) improver on performance and emissions, including particulate number concentration and size distribution, of a turbocharged, common-rail diesel engine fueled with biodiesel-methanol were studied. Two volume fractions (0.3% and 0.6%) of CN improver were added to BM30 (30% of methanol in the biodiesel-methanol blend) in the experiment. The results show that, compared with those of biodiesel-methanol blend, the peak value of cylinder pressure increases, the second peak of heat release rate decreases, the start of second heat release are advanced, and the fuel economy and thermal efficiency are improved when CN improver is added to biodiesel-methanol blend. Besides, CO and HC emissions decrease, NO_x emission varies little and smoke emissions increase slightly. Moreover, exhaust particles of BM30 mainly distribute in nano-size range. Furthermore, particle number concentration decreases and peak of size distribution profile shifts toward large size direction.     

Analysis of ignition delay by taking Di-tertiary-butyl peroxide as an additive in a dual fuel diesel engine using hydrogen as a secondary fuel

Ignition delay (ID) is one of the important parameters that make influenced on the combustion process inside the cylinder. This ignition delay affects not only the performances but also the noise and emissions of the engine. In this regards the experiments were conducted on single cylinder 4–stroke compression ignition research diesel engine, power 3.50 kW at constant speed 1500 rpm Kirloskar model TV1 with base fuel as diesel and hydrogen as secondary fuel with and without Di-tertiary-butyl-peroxide (DTBP). Experiments were conducted to measure the ignition delay of the dual fuel diesel (DFD) engine at different load conditions and substitution of diesel by hydrogen with or without DTBP and then it was compared with predicted ID given by Hardenberg-Hase equation and modified Hardenberg-Hase equation.The experimental values of ignition delay were compared with theoretical ignition delay which was predicted on the basis of Hardenberg-Hase equation by considering mean cylinder temperature, pressure, activation energy and cetane number and variations are found in between 6.60% and 21.22%. While, the Hardenberg-Hase equation was modified (by considering variation in activation energy) for DFD engine working on diesel as primary fuel and hydrogen as secondary fuel shows variations 1.20%–11.96%. Furthermore, with DTBP it gives variation up to 18.01%. It was found that ID decreases with increase in percentage of DTBP and hydrogen in air-fuel mixture. This might be due to the cetane improver nature of DTBP, pre-ignition reaction rate and energy release rate of hydrogen fuel. The polytropic index get increased by addition of (Di-tert butyl peroxide) DTBP. Similarly, 5% Di tertiary butyl peroxide reduces Ignition delay.     

生物柴油/甲醇混合燃料对柴油机性能与排放的影响研究

在一台4缸直喷式柴油机上研究了超低硫柴油、生物柴油及后者与甲醇的混合燃料对发动机性能、气体及微粒排放的影响。生物柴油由餐饮废油制取,除单独使用外和甲醇按体积比90：10和80：20混合后使用。在最大扭矩转速1800 r.m in-1时,在5个不同负荷下,比较了不同燃料热效率及CO、HC、NOx以及微粒质量浓度,微粒的总数量及平均几何粒径。结果表明,和超低硫柴油相比,生物柴油及其和甲醇的混合燃料的热效率增加,NOx和微粒质量、数量浓度的排放降低,但HC、CO和NO2排放升高;同时,随着甲醇混合比例的增加,HC、CO和NO2的排放成比例增加,微粒的质量浓度及数量浓度进一步降低,热效率及NOx几乎保持不变。     

柴油醇混合燃料在小型柴油机上应用的研究

文章就柴油醇在应用中存在的相分离和十六烷值低等问题提出了一种复合添加剂，它主要由醇、醚和酯等成分构成。试验表明，添加1％～2％的复合添加剂可以提高柴油醇的稳定性和抗水性，并可以使柴油醇的十六烷值接近于50。在S1105柴油机上的台架试验表明，与纯柴油相比较，使用20％柴油醇后，发动机的比油耗有较明显的增加，而有效热效率却略有提高；排气烟度在各种负荷下都大幅度降低，NOx排放量在低负荷时降低，在高负荷时却有所升高。     

Factors affecting emissions from diesel fuel and water-in-diesel emulsion

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of addition of surfactant and water in diesel and to make an emulsified fuel considering the needs for vehicle performance and its cleanest possible operation. The total surfactant concentration in each of the diesel-water emulsion samples studied (span 20, span 80, tween 20, tween 80) is fixed at 1% w/w. The water content is variable at 5–15% w/w and the diesel content is varied from 84 to 94% w/w. Among all the tested nonionic surfactants, tween 80 is found to prominently reduce the carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), and nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions. Tween 20 reduced the NOx emission to a greater extent. Diesel emulsion with a fixed ratio of span 80 and tween 80 (1:1) efficiently reduced the overall emissions as compared to diesel alone. The developed diesel emulsion employed with nonionic surfactants clearly reduced the harmful engine emissions such as CO, HC, and NOx, signifying them as a future potential emulsifier in diesel fuel emulsion.