GSOS算子下共变-异变模拟的公理刻画

进程的行为理论是进程演算研究的核心内容之一,其侧重于讨论进程间的行为等价和模拟关系。共变-异变模拟(Covariant-Contravariant Simulation,CC-模拟)的概念是对经典(互)模拟概念的推广,它通过区分动作类型,刻画了规范与实现对系统主动、被动和通讯动作在精化关系中的不同要求。行为关系的(前)同余性和公理刻画是进程演算代数特征的集中体现,它们对规范及实现的分析和推理至关重要。一般而言,行为关系(前)同余性的证明和公理系统的构造需要基于不同进程演算系统的结构化操作语义(Structural Operational Semantics,SOS)分别展开。为了避免这类研究工作中的重复劳动,学术界针对一般化SOS规则形式的元理论开展了研究,GSOS是其中被广泛研究的规则形式之一。文中在考量了动作类型的基础上,基于CC-模拟对GSOS规则形式做出扩充,提出了CC-GSOS规则类型,证明了CC-模拟相对于CC-GSOS算子具有前同余性,并给出了在这些算子下CC-模拟的可靠完备公理系统的一般性构造方法。     

Institution框架下的结构化标记共变-逆变模拟

结构化标记共变-逆变模拟是共变-逆变模拟的一种扩充,在处理转换系统的模拟关系时考虑了标记本身的结构。结构化标记模态转换系统间的模态精化与结构化标记共变-逆变模拟之间存在诸多相似之处,为了在更抽象层次上研究两者的关系,引入Institution框架。基于该框架,讨论结构化标记模态转换系统间的模态精化与结构化标记共变-逆变模拟之间的关系,并证明前者到后者存在Institution态射。结果表明,相比结构化标记模态转换系统中模态精化关系,结构化标记共变-逆变模拟具有更强的表达能力。     

带Mismatch算子的高阶π演算

主要研究带mismatch的高阶进程演算的公理化问题。首先,建立存在mismatch时高阶进程的开弱高阶互模拟理论,证明了等价关系、同余性等重要性质;其次,沿用线性的方法,构建得到带 mismatch 的有限进程上的公理系统;最后,基于对开弱高阶互模拟的刻画,证明了该公理系统的完备性定理。该工作为带 mismatch 的高阶进程上互模拟判定的有效算法的设计与实现,进而为相关的应用建模工作提供了理论借鉴。     

Verilog代数语义研究

给出了Verilog的代数语义.这是一个等式公理体系,它将Verilog语义特征通过代数规则简洁而准确地表达出来;并且这个代数语义相对于已经所作的操作语义模型来讲是可靠的,即所有的这些代数规则左右两边的进程在操作语义的观察模型下都是互模拟的.研究了此代数语义的相对完备性,即参照前面的操作语义模型,相对于扩展Verilog语言的一个子集而言,此代数语义是完备的.即所有符合这样语法的程序,如果它们是互模拟等价的,那么它们同样可以在所提出的代数系统中被推导相等.在完备性证明过程中,采用范式方法,即构造一种语法上特殊的程序,任何属于上述子集中的一个程序通过该代数规则都能够被转化为范式程序,而且范式程序在操作语义模型下是互模拟的当且仅当它们是语法相同的.上述结果具有重要的理论意义,因为现有的进程代数理论主要是针对管道通信并行语言而展开的,而对于像Verilog这种以共享变量通信为基础的复杂并行语言研究还是比较少的,对此类复杂的基于共享变量的并行语言的进程代数理论研究提出了一种通用、有效的方法.     

多态π演算的互模拟等价关系及其公理化

类型系统在分布式系统理论中有着非常重要的作用。在为π演算引入多态类型系统后,需要对新的环境下进程的等价关系进行研究。在多态类型系统下,环境只能得知进程中通道的抽象类型,而无法得知通道的具体类型,此时环境的区分能力被削弱,所得到的互模拟关系更为粗糙。本文在以往文献研究的基础上给出了多态π演算互模拟的一个公理系统,并证明了公理系统的一致性和完备性。     

具有动作细化的实时并发进程的基于事件的操作语义以及一致性结果

对于包含动作精化的实时进程代数，人们已经为它定义了指称真并发语义。在这种语义里，动作精化被看作是一个操作符。人们自然会有这样的疑问：既然已经定义了指称真并发语义，为什么还要定义操作语义?这个问题可以从以下两个方面回答：首先，对于不带时间变量和动作精化操作的进程，为它赋予一个“标准”语义的含义就是指为它定义一个操作语义。定义操作语义常用的方法是定义一个具有标记的传递系统，它是由一些推理规则组成的集合，这些推理规则刻画了实际程序或系统     

逻辑LTS预备模拟关系的判定算法

进程代数与时序逻辑是并发理论中应用最为广泛的两大规范系统。近来,Gerald Luttgen等人将二者进行结合,提出了逻辑标记转换系统以及相应的精化关系--LLTS预备模拟。提出了一种LLTS预备模拟关系的等价描述方式--泛化预备模拟,并从划分对的角度出发,给出与该描述等价的稳定划分对概念。基于这一概念给出一种判定两个逻辑标记转换系统之间是否具有LLTS预备模拟关系的理论算法,并证明其正确性。     

正则FI-代数的刻画及成为Boole代数的条件

正则FI-代数是仅基于蕴涵算子在一般集合上建立的逻辑代数。基于正则FI-代数的公理组以及诸多性质之间的内部联系,给出了正则FI-代数的两个公理组条件更少的刻画定理,简化了正则FI-代数的定义形式。在正则FI-代数中引入蕴涵分配性,探讨了蕴涵分配正则FI-代数的若干性质,证明了蕴涵分配正则FI-代数与Boole代数是相互等价的代数系统,给出了Boole代数的一种新的刻画,使其在形式上更接近于二值逻辑代数。     

递归数据传送进程的证明系统

本文提出了递归数据传送进程互模拟的证明系统，并证明了其可靠性和相对于数据推理的完备性，其中关键的推理规则是唯一不动点归纳法，这个结果一方面将Ｍｉｌｎｅｒ关于正则基本ＣＣＳ的公理系统推广到数据传送进程，另一方面将Ｈｅｎｎｅｓｓｙ与Ｌｉｎ关于有穷数据传送进程的证明系统推广到无穷进程。     

描述逻辑FL0概念及术语公理集的表达能力刻画

表达能力和推理复杂性是一个逻辑的两个重要特征,也是一对相互制约的关系。解释之间的互模拟关系是从语义的角度刻画逻辑表达能力的一个有效途径,其代表性的结果是命题模态逻辑表达能力的刻画定理-van Benthem刻画定理。文中给出了描述逻辑FL0(含构造子:原子概念、顶概念、概念交、全称量词约束)的模拟关系,建立了FL0中概念和术语公理集的表达能力刻画定理,即一阶逻辑公式与FL0概念和术语公理集等价的充分必要条件。上述结果为寻求表达能力与推理复杂性之间的最佳平衡提供了有效的支持。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。