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In this paper, we report on experimental and theoretical investigation on the nonlinear dynamics of the two orthogonal linearly polarized fundamental transverse modes of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) under sinusoidal current modulation. Irregular pulses of the power of individual polarizations are measured with a period equal to twice the modulation period. In contrast with individual polarizations, total power displays regular pulsing at twice the modulation period. The variability of pulse streams is characterized by using residence times distributions. We show that the residence time distributions for individual linear polarizations display an exponential decay for large values of that time. Those results are well reproduced by using a theoretical model that includes spontaneous emission fluctuations. However the previous qualitative features remain even in the absence of spontaneous emission noise. Our results therefore suggest that the irregular polarization dynamics have a deterministic origin and can be defined as deterministic chaos. 相似文献
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《Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE》2009,21(14):1008-1010
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《Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE》2008,20(17):1446-1448
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Ledentsov N.N. Hopfer F. Bimberg D. 《Proceedings of the IEEE. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers》2007,95(9):1741-1756
We report on recent progress in high-speed quantum-dot (QD) vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). Advanced types of QD media allow an ultrahigh modal gain, avoid temperature depletion, and gain saturation effects. Temperature robustness up to 100degC for 0.96-1.25 mum range devices is realized in the continuous wave (cw) regime. An open eye 20 Gb/s operation with bit error rates better than 10-12 has been achieved in a temperature range 25degC - 85degC without current adjustment. A different approach for ultrahigh-speed operation is based on a combination of the VCSEL section, operating in the CW mode with an additional section of the device, which is electrooptically modulated under a reverse bias. The tuning of a resonance wavelength of the second section, caused by the electrooptic effect, affects the transmission of the system. The approach enables ultrahigh-speed signal modulation. 60 GHz electrical and ~35 GHz optical (limited by the photodetector response) bandwidths are realized. 相似文献
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Polarization Control of Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers by Utilizing Surface Plasmon Resonance 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We demonstrate polarization control of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) to any desired directions by utilizing surface plasmon resonance at a metal nanohole array. A silver nanohole array is integrated on the p-type distributed Bragg reflector of an 850-nm AlGaAs-GaAs-based VCSEL. The metal nanohole array placed at rectangular lattices with orthogonally different two periods, one of which meets the resonaint condition, exhibits strong polarization preference in optical transmission. Integrated four VCSELs with different directions of the rectangular arrays of nanoholes demonstrate successful control of the polarization angles. The VCSELs are closely located onto a one chip so that the optical outputs are easily coupled to one optical fiber. The presented VCSEL array will open a new horizon of multi-input multi-output communication systems by using polarization multiplexing. 相似文献
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Ki Soo Chang Young Min Song Yong Tak Lee 《Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE》2006,18(21):2203-2205
A novel method for fabricating microlens-integrated vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) by selective oxidation of composition-graded digital alloy AlGaAs was developed. Due to the simultaneous formation of a microlens and oxide aperture via single-step oxidation, self-aligned microlens-integrated VCSELs could be fabricated using standard intracavity-contacted VCSEL processing without additional process steps. The output beam from the oxide-buried and oxide-removed AlGaAs microlens-integrated VCSELs was strongly focused to a beam radius of 3.7 and 3.5 mum at a distance of about 25 and 15mum, respectively, from the surface of the VCSEL 相似文献
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ZHANG Yan PENG Biao LIU Guang-yu SUN Yan-fang LI Te GUI Jin-Jiang NING Yong-qiang QIN Li LIU Yun WANG Li-jun 《光机电信息》2006,23(12):27-34
Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) have entered into commercial market over the last few years. The paper describes the progress of visible (red) VCSELs in particular. The Basic experimental structures are reviewed, with emphasis on distributed Bragg reflectors, gain media, as well as detuning.lt also points out some technical issues that must still be resolved. Finally, the polarization of VCSELs devices is discussed. 相似文献
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Visible Vertical-cavity Surface-emitting Lasers (VCSELs) have been designed and fabricated by using metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. Using the 8λ optical cavities with 3 quan tum wells in A1GaInP/AlGaAs VCSEL's to reduce the drift leakage current and enhance the model gain, the device can operate continuous wave at wavelength of 670nm. For better performance, a misoriented (100) substrate (6~10° to (110)) has been used to reduce the ordering of AlGaInP. However, as the angle of misorientation increased, the symmetry of the structure became worse. This made it difficult to achieve little aperture device. By using 45° rotated selective oxidation method, a little aperture (1 × 1μm2) device with low threshold of 0.25mA can operate continuous wave at room temperature. 相似文献
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《Quantum Electronics, IEEE Journal of》2009,45(11):1473-1481
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We investigate the modal characteristics of a 1300-nm InP-based photonic-crystal (PC) vertical-cavity surface- emitting diode laser. To this aim, we apply the plane-wave admittance method and analyze a broad range of PC parameters such as hole etching depth, distance between the holes, and their diameters. We determine a range of technologically feasible PC parameters providing an optimal laser performance. 相似文献
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《Quantum Electronics, IEEE Journal of》2009,45(2):206-212
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《Quantum Electronics, IEEE Journal of》2009,45(7):762-768
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单基模垂直腔表面发射激光器(VCSEL)在光网络数据传输、光互连、光存储和激光打印中有潜在的应用前景。光子晶体垂直腔表面发射激光器(PC-VCSEL)已成为备受关注的研究课题。介绍了PC-VCSEL的结构、最佳化设计及特性。 相似文献
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Yanhua Hong Min Won Lee Paul J. Spencer P.S. Shore K.A. 《Lightwave Technology, Journal of》2009,27(22):5099-5105
Chaotic message encoding and decoding in unidirectionally coupled vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with polarization-preserved and polarization-selected optical injection has been studied experimentally. A GHz message has been successfully encoded in the chaotic transmitter and decoded from the receiver with polarization-preserved optical injection. In contrast decoding using polarization-selected optical injection was achieved at only 330 MHz. It has also been demonstrated that GHz message extraction can be achieved using both normal and inverse chaos synchronization thus providing an opportunity for exploiting polarization properties of VCSELs for duplexed chaotic message transmission. 相似文献
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Ling Bao Nam-Heon Kim Luke J. Mawst N. N. Elkin V. N. Troshchieva D. V. Vysotsky A. P. Napartovich 《Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE》2007,19(4):239-241
Mode confinement to low-index "defect" regions of a two-dimensional square photonic lattice has been studied as a means to realize single-spatial-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). A selective etching process with two-step metal-organic chemical vapor deposition is used to fabricate the low-index defect VCSELs. A device with a 9-mum-wide aperture demonstrates 2.9-mW continuous-wave (CW) output power. The near diffraction-limited single-lobe far-field and high-resolution spectral analyses confirm single fundamental defect mode emission. Comparison studies between pulsed and CW operation indicate that thermal effects have a significant impact on the modal performance of the devices. Single-mode emission with more than 8 mW of peak pulsed power has been observed with short pulsewidth operation (0.1 mus, 2%). Improvements in thermal management are required to achieve higher CW single-mode emission in these devices 相似文献
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The electromagnetic problem of modeling vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with their full 3D structure is analyzed. The vectorial Helmholtz equation is discretized on prism elements, and the resulting complex symmetric generalized eigen- problem is solved by an efficient numerical technique. The full-vectorial treatment enables one to determine the polarization characteristics of these lasers. The model is compared to 2D calculations and is demonstrated for advanced laser diodes incorporating surface reliefs and photonic crystal patterns. 相似文献
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In this letter, an accurate nonlinear Volterra series analysis for vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) is presented. Closed-form expressions for the modulation response, harmonic distortions, and second- and third-order intermodulation distortions are derived. Moreover, the suggested nonlinear model avoids the numerical solution of laser rate equations and provides in-depth insight of a distortion analysis of VCSEL. 相似文献
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理论分析了980nm高功率垂直腔面发射激光器(VCSEL)的器件特性与其分布布拉格反射镜(DBR)反射率的依赖关系,并计算了具有不同有源区直径的VCSEL的输出特性.分析了具有不同有源区直径的VCSEL在不同DBR反射率条件下的连续输出特性曲线,发现DBR反射率的改变会对有源区直径不同的VCSEL产生不同程度的影响.为了验证理论分析的结果,进行了器件测试实验.实验结果表明,有源区直径为500μm的VCSEL,当其N-DBR反射率分别为99.7%及99.2%时,在连续注入电流为6A时,其输出功率分别为2.01W和2.09W;而有源区直径为200μm的VCSEL,当N-DBR反射率为99.7%及99.2%时,连续注入电流为3A时,其输出功率分别为0.64W及1.12W.器件测试结果有效验证了理论分析的结论. 相似文献