配合剂对EPDM阻燃电缆胶料性能的影响

介绍硫化剂ＤＣＰ、共硫化剂ＴＡＩＣ（异氰脲三烯丙酯）和ＨＶＡ２（Ｎ，Ｎ′间亚苯基双马来酰亚胺）、分散剂硬脂酸及卤素和无卤阻燃剂对ＥＰＤＭ阻燃电缆胶料性能的影响。硫化剂ＤＣＰ用量为３份左右、共硫化剂ＴＡＩＣ／ＨＶＡ２并用（并用比为１／０．５）、硬脂酸用量较大、卤素或有机氮阻燃剂用量适中，则ＥＰＤＭ阻燃电缆胶料的物理和电性能较好。     

EPDM／CPE并用胶料的阻燃性与电绝缘性研究

主要探讨了ＥＰＤＭ／ＣＰＥ并用比、阻燃剂（Ｓｂ２Ｏ３、十溴联苯醚）的配比、填料品种及用量、硫化剂ＤＣＰ及助交联剂ＴＡＩＣ等因素对ＥＰＤＭ／ＣＰＥ并用胶料力学性能、阻燃性能及电性能的影响,结果表明：选择ＥＰＤＭ４０,ＣＰＥ６０．３ＰｂＯ１．２,２ＰｂＯ１．２,ＤＣＰ２～３,ＴＡＩＣ１,滑石粉３０,Ｓｂ２Ｏ３１０～１５,ＺＲ－１０２０～３０,ＳＡ１,ＺｎＯ５,可制得综合性能较好的ＥＰＤＭ／ＣＰＥ并用胶     

核电站用低烟低卤彩色CSM电缆护套的开发与应用

采用低含氯量的氯磺化聚乙烯（ＣＳＭ－４５）作主体骨架材料，并用１０～１５质量份（简称“份”，以下同）的三元乙丙橡胶ＮＯＲＤＥＬ２７２２，以过氧化二异丙苯（ＤＣＰ）作硫化剂，ＨＶＡ－２（Ｎ，Ｎ－间亚苯基双马来酰亚胺）和ＴＡＩＣ（三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯）作助硫化剂，氢氧化铝和氢氧化镁作阻燃剂制作而成的核电站用低烟低卤彩色ＣＳＭ护套应用于核电站电缆时，其成品电缆可具有良好的耐辐射性、低有害性和良好的物理机械性能，适合于核电站使用，并具有较强的使用价值和一定的社会与经济效益。     

耐辐射无卤阻燃绝缘EPDM电缆胶料的研究

本研究耐辐射无卤阻燃绝缘ＥＰＤＭ电缆胶料的主要配合为：生胶为乙烯含量较高的１，４－己二烯型电绝缘级ＥＰＤＭ（１００份）；阻燃剂为氢氧化铝／氢氧化镁／三氧化二锑并用体系（９５～１００份），其中氢氧化铝和氢氧化镁用硬脂酸锌进行表面处理；补强填充剂为煅烧陶土、ＬＥＥ白滑粉、ＰＹ－Ⅱ型水白云母粉和钛白粉并用体系（１０５～１１５份）；硫化剂为２，５－二甲基－２，５－二（叔丁基过氧化）己烷（４～５份），共硫化剂为三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯和Ｎ，Ｎ′－间亚苯基双马来酰亚胺并用体系（１．６～１．８份）。胶料和成品的物理机械性能、介电性能、阻燃性能和耐环境性能（耐热性、耐蒸汽性和耐辐射性）达到ＩＥＣ５０２（１９９４）和ＩＥＣ１８Ａ（１９８１）（ＣＯ）标准。     

影响中间相沥青电解加氢反应因素的研究

在隔离式电解槽中,用泡沫铅（ＳＰｂ）作阴极,铂（Ｐｔ）作阳极,饮和甘汞电极（ＳＣＥ）作参考电极,以ＣＨ３ＣＮ＋Ｃ２Ｈ５ＯＨ＋Ｈ２Ｏ＿Ｂｕ４ＮＢｒ为电解体系,对由煤沥青为原料制得的中国相沥青（ＭＰ）进行电解加氢研究,当ｃ（ＣＨ３ＣＮ）：ｃ（Ｃ２ＨＯＨ）：ｃ（Ｈ２Ｏ）＝０．４：０．１：１（浓度比）,ｃ（Ｂｕ４ＮＢ４）＝０．３１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ,ｔ＝３０Ｃ,ｐ（ＭＰ）＝５０ｇ／Ｌ,阴极电解电位为－２．４Ｖ时,     

用R131作多功能配合剂的NBR/PVC并用胶砂浆泵衬胶研制

探讨了用烷基改性酚醛树脂（Ｒ１３１）作多功能配合剂制造ＮＢＲ／ＰＶＣ并用胶砂浆泵衬胶的方法。ＮＢＲ／ＰＶＣ并用胶砂浆泵衬胶的配方确定为：ＮＢＲ７０;ＰＶＣ３０;Ｒ１３１ ７．０;硫黄 １．１;共硫化剂ＤＭＧ ２．５;活性剂 ３．５;促进剂ＤＭ／ＣＺ ２．７;防老剂４０１０ＮＡ／Ｄ １．２;中超耐磨炭黑 ４６;增塑剂ＤＯＰ ５．０;石蜡 ０．６。Ｒ１３１在胶料混炼时分段加入。砂浆泵部件的制备工艺是：     

三元乙丙橡胶Nordel 1040用于电线电缆的配方设计及工艺性能研究

本文研究了美国杜邦公司三元乙丙橡胶Ｎｏｒｄｅｌ １０４０用于电线电缆（耐热９０℃级）的橡胶绝缘配方，并采用计算机设计技术对这些配方进行优化，结果表明：当过氧化二异丙苯（ＤＣＰ）为２．４－２．６份，三烯丙基三聚异氰酯（ＴＡＩＣ）为０．８－１．０份，Ｎ，Ｎ’－间苯撑双马来酰亚胺（ＨＶＡ－２）为１．０－１．３份，煅烧陶土为５０－５８份时，硫化胶性能可满足ＧＢ ７５９４－８７及ＧＢ ９３３１－８８的要求。     

橡塑旋流器的研制

采用橡塑［ＮＢＲ／ＰＶＣ为（６０－５０）／（４０－５０）］并用材料制造旋流器。补强剂采用中超耐磨炉黑（７０－７５份）；使用促进剂ＤＭ／ＴＴ和硫黄硫化体系，同时加入含过氧化物的混合物ＤＭＧ硫化效果最好；增塑剂用１０－１５份；防老剂用４０１０ＮＡ。并用工艺采用增塑剂部分加入到ＰＶＣ中制成糊状树脂的方法。共混时间一般为２０－３０ｍｉｎ。该产品具有优异的耐磨性［磨耗量（１．６１ｋｍ）小于０．０４ｃｍ３］、较高的拉伸强度（１９ＭＰａ）和硬度（邵尔Ａ型硬度９５度），可直接替代衬胶铸铁旋流器。     

望远镜橡塑装饰包皮的研制

介绍了望远镜橡塑装饰包皮的胶料配方设计、生产工艺和产品性能。望远镜橡塑装饰包皮胶料的主体材料采用ＮＢＲ／ＰＶＣ（并用比８３／１７）并用体系;硫化体系由硫黄（１－２５ 份） 和促进剂ＴＭＴＤ（０－２９ 份）、促进剂ＤＭ（０－４２ 份）、促进剂Ｍ（０－４２ 份）组成;增塑剂选用增塑剂ＤＢＰ（８－３ 份）;黑色胶料的防老剂选用防老剂２２４６（１－６ 份）,非黑色胶料的防老剂选用防老剂２６４（２－０ 份）;黑色胶料的补强填充剂选用ＨＡＦ／ＧＰＦ（并用比８３／１７） 并用体系,非黑色胶料的补强填充剂选用白炭黑／ 陶土（ 并用比７５／１７）并用体系。ＮＢＲ 的塑炼采用低温、小辊距和低容量的三段塑炼法;ＮＢＲ与ＰＶＣ的共混采用常温共混工艺;混炼胶的威氏塑性值控制在０－２８～０－３０ 之间;制品在平板硫化机上硫化完毕后,再在１６０～１７０ ℃的烘箱中热处理１５～３０ ｍｉｎ。胶料物理性能良好,成品性能满足设计要求。     

汽车点火线绝缘式护套的研制

汽车点火线绝缘式护套的基本配合为：生胶采用氯磺化聚乙烯（ＣＳＭ４５）／乙烯－醋酸乙烯共聚物（ＥＶＡ４０）［（５５－６５）／（３５－４５）］并用体系；硫化剂为过氧化物，如１，４－双叔丁基过氧化二异丙苯；补强填充体系主要为沉淀法硫酸钡（５０－６０份），并辅之以锻烧陶土和ＬＥＥ白滑粉（共４０份左右）；防老剂体系为防老剂ＲＤ／ＤＬＴＤＰ并用体系（４．５－５．０份）；加工助剂有合成酯类增塑剂ＷＢ３５０、微晶石蜡和均化剂ＷＢ２２２（饱和脂肪酸酯）等。胶料的物理机械性能、介电性能及耐热性、耐油性、低温柔软性等满足设计及ＩＥＣ－５０２（１９９４）标准中有关１－３０ｋＶ挤包高聚物固体绝缘电力电缆的性能要求，且加工性能良好。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating prepared via facile sol-gel process

A highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating was obtained from a new bis-silylated precursor, which was synthesized from 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and m-xylylene diisocyanate (m-XDI) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and verified by ¹H MAS NMR. For direct comparison purposes, an SiO₂ coating was also prepared by the Stöber method using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the reactant. Interestingly, the coating obtained from the polysilsesquioxane sol exhibited a much higher moisture resistance capability than its counterpart, which was attributed to its more compact feature between nanoparticles as characterized by N₂ absorption experiment and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, its high transparency of about 92% showed potential for application in the protection of optical crystals.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.