二氯亚砜-甲醇溶液中合成氨基酸甲酯盐酸盐的研究

分别以5种氨基酸为原料,通过在二氯亚砜-甲醇溶液中反应,合成了L-酪氨酸甲酯盐酸盐、甘氨酸甲酯盐酸盐、L-丙氨酸甲酯盐酸盐、L-丝氨酸甲酯盐酸盐、L-苯丙氨酸甲酯盐酸盐等5种稳定的氨基酸甲酯盐酸盐。与现有的合成方法相比,本法操作简便,反应时间短,产物纯度较高,不需进一步提纯,产率可达92.6%～97.6%。     

极性氨基酸甲酯盐酸盐合成新方法

以四种极性氨基酸、二氯亚砜和HCl的甲醇溶液为原料合成了L-酪氨酸甲酯盐酸盐,L-蛋氨酸甲酯盐酸盐,L-丝氨酸甲酯盐酸盐,L-赖氨酸甲酯盐酸盐四种稳定的氨基酸甲酯盐酸盐,并通过元素分析、红外光谱对化合物的组成和结构进行了表征。反应条件温和,产率较高,产率高达95.4%~97.5%;同时也讨论了影响反应的因素。     

甘氨酸乙酯盐酸盐制备

南通市东昌化工实业公司甘氨酸乙酯盐酸盐制备获成功。该产品以工业级甘氨酸、乙醇、氯化氢经酯化反应而得工业级甘氨酸乙酯盐酸盐 ,再经溶解、过滤、冷却、结晶、离心分离、烘干等精制提纯处理制得精制级甘氨酸乙酯盐酸盐。具有含量高 (由96.5%提高到 98.5% )、杂质少、色泽好、透光率高(88%提高到 98% )等特点 ,并逐步取代普通工业级甘氨酸乙酯盐酸盐甘氨酸乙酯盐酸盐制备     

常压塔顶系统中有机胺盐结晶风险预测

在炼油厂中,向常压塔顶管系注入中和剂(主要包含无机氨或各类有机胺)是解决露点腐蚀的主要措施,但中和剂的种类选择不合适及其过量使用将诱发塔顶管系的铵盐或有机胺盐结晶腐蚀.为研究不同有机胺盐的结晶特性,评估塔顶管系腐蚀风险,通过实验测定了甲胺盐酸盐、乙胺盐酸盐、二甲胺盐酸盐、吗啡啉盐酸盐和4-(2-氯乙基)吗啉盐酸盐的分解...     

乙二胺盐酸盐与氢氧化钙反应动力学

在双氨基硅烷偶联剂的工业生产过程中会产生大量的乙二胺盐酸盐副产物,该副产物通过与氢氧化钙进行中和反应得到无水乙二胺,可实现乙二胺的循环利用。利用电导率法建立乙二胺盐酸盐转化率和电导率的关系,考察了液固比、盐浓度、温度等因素对乙二胺盐酸盐转化率的影响,并确定了最优工艺条件。实验结果表明,乙二胺盐酸盐的转化率随着液固比及乙二胺盐酸盐浓度的增大而降低。基于缩芯模型,建立乙二胺盐酸盐和氢氧化钙的动力学方程。根据实验数据求出反应过程的活化能,发现乙二胺盐酸盐和氢氧化钙的中和反应主要受内部扩散控制。动力学模型为Kt=1-3(1-x)^2/3+2(1-x),活化能为30.89 kJ/mol。该研究为从乙二胺盐酸盐副产物提取无水乙二胺提供了实验依据。     

乳化剂用延缓剂的合成

论述了乳化剂用延缓剂的国内生产情况,工业上烷基丙二胺盐酸盐的合成方法、试验室制备烷基丙二胺盐酸盐的方法以及对烷基丙二胺盐酸盐的制备方法的初步评述。     

β-氨基酸乙酯盐酸盐的合成与表征

以三种β-苯丙氨酸、二氯亚砜、乙醇为原料分别合成了β-苯丙氨酸乙酯盐酸盐、2F-β-苯丙氨酸乙酯盐酸盐和3F-β-苯丙氨酸乙酯盐酸盐三种稳定的β-氨基酸乙酯盐酸盐,并通过熔点、核磁和质谱对化合物的结构进行了表征。该合成方法操作简单、反应条件温和,收率均在85%以上。     

酸性氨基酸二甲酯盐酸盐的合成工艺研究

采用氯化亚砜法,以两种酸性氨基酸、无水甲醇、氯化亚砜为原料酯化合成L-天冬氨酸二甲酯盐酸盐和L-谷氨酸二甲酯盐酸盐,讨论了加样顺序,反应时间tA,反应温度TA,反应时间tB和氨基酸与氯化亚砜的摩尔比对反应产率的影响,优化了两种氨基酸二甲酯盐酸盐的重结晶条件,确定了两种氨基酸二甲酯盐酸盐的最佳合成条件及最优重结晶方案。     

邻、间、对双胍基苯甲酸盐酸盐抗菌活性的研究

以邻、间、对氨基苯甲酸为起始原料,在盐酸存在下分别与双氰胺合成了中间体邻、间、对双胍基苯甲酸盐酸盐,分别研究了邻、间、对双胍基苯甲酸盐酸盐对革兰氏菌的抗菌活性。实验表明,邻、间、对双胍基苯甲酸盐酸盐对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌都具有抑制作用,抗菌活性随浓度的增加而增强;邻双胍基苯甲酸盐酸盐对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌最低抑菌浓度分别为0.064mg.mL-1和0.032mg.mL-1,优于间、对双胍基苯甲酸盐酸盐。     

乳化剂用延缓剂的合成

论述了乳化剂用延缓剂的国内生产情况，工业上烷基丙二胺盐酸盐的合成方法、试验室制备烷基丙二胺盐酸盐的方法以及对烷基丙二胺盐酸盐的制备方法的初步评述。     

A Comprehensive Comparison on Foam Behavior in the Presence of Light Oil and Heavy Oil

Crude oil properties significantly affect foam behavior that is important to foam application in enhanced oil recovery. This study focused on the comparison on foam behavior in the presence of light oil and heavy oil. Foamability and foam stability, the bubble size, and the film thickness as well as the configuration of oil drops were fully investigated. Final results indicated that both the heavy oil and light oil increased the foamability of sodium dodecyl sulfate but decreased that of the amphoteric surfactant imidazoline. The positive effect of both light oil and heavy oil on foam stability was reconfirmed. However, heavy oil was more favorable to foam stability. The light oil may shorten the foam half‐life but prolong the foam drainage half‐life. The heavy oil was more effective in reducing the foam size and increasing the foam uniformity compared with light oil. According to the micrograph of foam, light oil was emulsified into quite small oil droplets, filling the plateau borders and lamellas. The heavy oil, in the form of far larger oil droplets, was mainly distributed in plateau borders only. The larger oil droplets resulted in the more stable foam, which was verified. Moreover, light oil (oil B) performed well in thickening the foam film, as did the heavy oil (oil A). But for the lightest oil (oil C), a thinning effect on the film was detected.     

Experimental investigation of foam performance in the presence of crude oil

The foam performance in the presence of oil plays an important role in foam application in enhancing oil recovery. The present study systematically investigated the effect of oil type, oil content, surfactant type, surfactant concentration, alkane chain length, salinity, and polymer concentration on foam performance in both the absence and presence of oil. The results showed that oil viscosity and oil density as well as oil component all contributed to foam performance in the presence of oil. Within a certain oil content, both light oil and heavy oil had a positive effect on foam, but heavy oil had a higher tendency to stabilize the foam. The order of foam performance by different surfactants was changed by the oil. It is noteworthy that heavy oil is detrimental to sodium dibutyl naphthalene sulfonate (BM) foam. Light oil can improve foam performance while heavy oil can harm foam in some specific cases. Lower salinity, longer alkane chain length, higher surfactant concentration and the presence of a polymer all benefited foam in the presence of crude oil.     

润滑油废白土选择性脱油工艺的研究

设计了一种润滑油废白土选择性脱油工艺。利用含油率为36.7%的炼油厂基础油废白土为原料,催化重整装置副产的抽余油为萃取溶剂,经过脱附、精馏、(溶剂)回收、(理想油)抽出、卸渣等过程,选择性脱附润滑油废白土中的理想油分,油品回收率可达64%,且润滑油潜含量较高,与基础油性质接近。     

利用掺稀泵压计算掺稀管线结蜡厚度

鲁克沁油田属于超深稠油油藏,原油粘度大、密度大,稠油在井筒中流动困难,需进行井筒降粘才能实现油田开发。鲁克沁油田共有油井126口,95%以上的油井采用掺稀油降粘工艺开采。由于稀油含蜡量较高,管壁容易结蜡,必须定期进行热洗清蜡才能维持管线的正常运行。本文综合考虑掺稀量、管线长度、原油粘度、管线两端的高程差等因素的影响后,利用掺稀泵压和掺稀管线打回流后的井口回压,来计算地面掺稀管线的管壁结蜡厚度,并以此指导掺稀管线的日常热洗维护。     

石油库站油品事故应急处置研究

确保油料在收发、储存作业中的油品安全具有重要意义。油料库站的油品事故主要有油品流失事故与混油事故,论文采用事故原因模型剖析了油品事故的成因;针对主要油品事故提出了应急处置措施,构建了以油品泄漏检测技术及带压堵漏技术为核心的油品安全应急处置技术,为油库站的安全管理提供了参考。     

Dietary n−3 polyunsaturated fatty acids increase T-lymphocyte phospholipid mass and acyl-CoA binding protein expression

Dietary flaxseed oil, which is enriched in α-linolenic acid, and fish oil, which is enriched inEPA and DHA, possess anti-inflammatory properties when compared with safflower oil, which is enriched in linoleic acid. The influence of flaxseed oil and fish oil feeding on lipid metabolism in T-lymphocytes is currently unknown. This study directly compared the effects of feeding safflower oil, flaxseed oil, and fish oil for 8 wk on splenic T-lymphocyte proliferation, phospholipid mass, and acyl-CoA binding protein expression in the rat. The data show that both flaxseed oil and fish oil increased acyl-CoA binding protein expression and phosphatidic acid mass in unstimulated T-lymphocytes when compared with safflower oil feeding. Fish oil feeding increased cardiolipin mass, whereas flaxseed oil had no effect. After stimulation, flaxseed oil and fish oil blunted T-lymphocyte interleukin-2 production and subsequent proliferation, which was associated with the lack of incraased acyl-CoA binding protein expression. The results reported show evidence for a novel mechanism by which dietary flaxseed oil and fish oil suppress T-lymphocyte proliferation via changes in acyl-CoA binding protein expression and phospholipid mass.     

Unusual effects of some vegetable oils on the survival time of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats

Preliminary experiments have shown that a diet containing 10% rapeseed oil (low-erucic acid) markedly shortens the survival time of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive (SHRSP) rats under 1% NaCl loading as compared with diets containing perilla oil or soybean oil. High-oleate safflower oil and high-oleate sunflower oil were found to have survival time-shortening activities comparable to that of rapeseed oil; olive oil had slightly less activity. A mixture was made of soybean oil, perilla oil, and triolein partially purified from high-oleate sunflower oil to adjust the fatty acid composition to that of rapeseed oil. The survival time of this triolein/mixed oil group was between those of the rapessed oil and soybean oil groups. When 1% NaCl was replaced with tap water, the survival time was prolonged by ∼80%. Under these conditions, the rapeseed oil and evening primrose oil shortened the survival time by ∼40% as compared with n-3 fatty acid-rich perilla and fish oil; lard, soybean oil, and safflower oil with relatively high n-6/n-3 ratios shortened the survival time by roughly 10%. The observed unusual survival time-shortening activities of some vegetable oils (rapeseed, high-oleate safflower, high-oleate sunflower, olive, and evening primrose oil) may not be due to their unique fatty acid compositions, but these results suggest that these vegetable oils contain factor(s) which are detrimental to SHRSP rats.     

短程蒸馏条件对废润滑油再生馏分色度的影响

通过调节刮膜式分子蒸馏操作参数,考察了不同类型废油再生产品透光率的变化。实验结果表明,温度升高,一级再生油的透光率下降,二级再生油的透光率上升,废内燃机油的操作温度应控制在225℃左右,废液压油的操作温度应控制在210℃左右,废混合油的操作温度应控制在215℃左右为最佳;真空度升高,一级再生油的透光率上升,二级再生油的透光率下降,废内燃机油的真空度应控制在12Pa左右,废液压油的真空度应控制在18Pa左右,废混合油的真空度应控制在16Pa左右为最佳;进料流量增加,一级、二级再生油的透光率均缓慢下降,因此应尽量维持较低流量。     

靖边油田油水井调剖堵水效果分析

油气田开发过程中有一个普遍的问题即油井出水。油井出水会对油气井生产、油气集输与油气田开发产生的影响,尤其对注水开发油田影响深远。所以在油气田开发过程中了解油气井出水的情况,及时的找出出水层位,并且能够采用相对应堵水的办法是很重要的。堵水调剖技术能有效的优化高含水油田注水开发的效果,从而实现油气田的稳产。     

炼油厂油品脱水技术改造

进行了油罐脱水技术改造，将原来油罐直接脱水改为进入管路系统脱水，增加脱水罐对轻质油(汽油、柴油)部分进行二次脱水；采用隔油池对重质油(原油、渣油)部分进行油水分离后脱水。结果表明，实施改造技术后，脱水原油和油品含水指标均达到要求，效果显著。