基于免疫K-means聚类的无监督SAR图像分割

利用图像纹理的信息熵特征,并结合空间矩阵的概念,提出一种基于免疫K-means聚类的无监督SAR图像分割算法.免疫规划的K-means聚类克服收敛结果易陷于局部极值的缺点,且保持K-means算法快速收敛的特点.信息熵的应用可有效抑制相干斑噪声的影响,空间矩阵的引入实现聚类过程中类别的自动合并.该算法执行复杂度不高,对噪声的影响有较强的鲁棒性,分割结果较好,是一种实用的SAR图像分割算法.     

区域GMM聚类的SAR图像分割

高斯混合模型(GMM)聚类算法近年来广泛应用于图像分割领域。但在SAR图像分割中,由于忽略了图像像素间的空间相关性,使其对相干斑噪声十分敏感。提出一种基于区域的GMM聚类算法,它将空间相关性引入聚类分类中,利用分水岭分割得到基本同质区域,计算区域的灰度均值作为GMM聚类算法的输入样本,将聚类特征从像素水平提升到区域水平,减少了噪声对分割结果的影响;并将自身反馈机制引入期望最大化(EM)算法中,进一步提高了GMM模型参数估计的精度。还对合成图像和真实SAR图像进行了分割实验,结果表明新算法可有效地提高分割的     

基于分水岭的多目标核聚类图像分割

传统的聚类图像分割方法一般仅仅利用图像中的灰度信息。为了更好地利用图像中的区域和边缘信息,提出一种基于分水岭过分割的多目标模糊核聚类图像分割算法。该算法采用分水岭算法获得图像的过分割区域,采用多目标模糊核聚类算法对区域代表点和分水岭上的像素进行聚类。根据聚类结果将图像中的像素进行标记,得到最终的分割图像。实验结果表明,由于利用了图像区域信息,使得目标能够比较完整地从背景中分离出来。     

基于多空间多层次谱聚类的非监督SAR图像分割算法

提出了一种基于多层区域谱聚类的非监督SAR图像分割算法（multi-space and multi-hierarchical region based spectral clustering, MSMHSC）。该算法首先在特征与几何空间求距离, 快速获得初始过分割区域, 然后在过分割区域的谱空间上进行聚类, 最终实现非监督的SAR图像分割。该方法计算复杂度小, 无须训练样本, 使用层次化思想使其能更充分地利用SAR图像各类先验与似然信息。在MSTAR真实SAR数据集上的实验验证了该算法的快速性和有效性。     

一种基于组件树的SAR图像分割算法

合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像中存在严重的相干斑干扰,使得SAR的图像解译过程较为困难。为此,提出一种基于组件树的SAR图像分割算法。对SAR图像建立组件树,给出基于全局特征的自适应非局部判定准则,使用该准则对组件树中的相似组件进行合并,保留组件树中最重要的组件,以完成图像滤波,获取分割后的目标。实验结果表明,该算法能获得准确的分割结果,保持目标的细节信息。     

基于K均值聚类分割彩色图像算法的改进

基于人类视觉将图像分割成若干个有意义的区域是目标检测和模式识别的基础.应用K均值聚类算法对图像进行分析,分析了图像的空间、色彩以及纹理特征对聚类效果的影响,针对K均值算法的存在的过分割问题提出了一种修正方法,先基于空间、颜色和纹理特征分割图像,再基于色彩及纹理特征进行合并,解决了K均值聚类产生的过分割问题,并在区域合并时引入修正函数,抑制了图像中因场景明暗变化而产生的斑点.实验结果表明提出的聚类算法对图像分割效果有明显提高.     

基于边缘检测的SAR图像自适应区域分割

受相干斑噪声影响,合成孔径雷达（Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR）图像成像质量低,目标判读困难。针对传统方法对SAR图像分割存在噪声敏感、细节缺失、过度分割等问题,提出一种基于边缘检测的SAR图像自适应区域分割方法。首先引入双边滤波构建级联滤波器,对SAR图像进行保边抑噪;然后建立基于纹理复杂度的阈值估算模型,实现阈值自适应目标SAR图像边缘检测;最后提出基于边缘特征的自适应区域生长分割方法,较好解决了传统区域生长算法对SAR图像分割时出现的过度生长和过度分割之间的矛盾问题。该方法综合利用了SAR图像二维熵、边缘灰度信息、区域灰度信息,实现了对单极化目标SAR图像的自动分割。实验表明,相较于其他传统分割方法,该方法保边抑噪能力更强,目标细节检测更准确,较好解决了SAR图像过分割问题。     

基于GLCM特征的改进FCM的SAR图像分割方法

为了克服了较大窗口提取图像边缘处特征值的不足,提出一种基于GLCM特征矩阵的动态滑动窗口算法.针对模糊C均值算法中,聚类中心不容易确定,聚类容易陷入局部最优解的问题,将粒子群优化算法(PSO)引入到聚类算法中,实现全局搜索.应用改进的模糊C均值算法完成了基于SAR纹理特征的图像分割,克服了传统聚类算法仅依赖灰度值进行分割的局限性,也一定程度上克服了斑噪声对SAR图像分割的影响.实验结果表明,该方法应用于SAR图像分割时,取得了很好的分割效果.     

基于多尺度特征融合的SAR图像分割

由于存在相干斑噪声的影响,给SAR图像分割造成很大的困难,提出一种基于多尺度特征融合的SAR图像分割方法。该方法利用快速离散curvelet变换提取图像的纹理特征,利用平稳小波变换提取图像的统计特征,将两种多尺度特征融合成高维的特征向量,采用模糊C均值聚类的方法进行分割。在仿真SAR图像和真实SAR图像的分割实验结果表明,提出的方法优于单独采用小波变换进行SAR图像分割的方法,在消除均质区内碎块的同时,使得边界更为精准和平滑。     

多特征-谱聚类的SAR图像溢油分割

经典的K聚类算法,并不适合实现任意形状的聚类,而且有容易陷入局部最小值的不足.提出基于多个纹理特征的谱聚类算法,该方法用灰度共生矩阵(GLCM)提取合成孔径雷达 (SAR)图像的多个特征值,构建谱聚类的特征矩阵,并依据规范切准则,用K均值聚类的方法对拉普拉斯矩阵的第二小的特征值对应的特征向量进行聚类,实现基于SAR图像的溢油的分割.新方法与传统的K聚类方法比较,可以减少相干斑噪声对分割结果的影响,较好的保持图像边缘.仿真结果显示,该算法对于相干斑噪声影响较大的图像具有较强的鲁棒性.     

Perceptual hashing for SAR image segmentation

Image segmentation is an important step in the implementation of the interpretation of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image due to speckle. This article proposes a SAR image segmentation method based on perceptual hashing. The new algorithm is divided into two phases. The first phase is to obtain initial regions with multi-thresholding based on histogram after reducing the speckle noise. The initial regions are used as input data. And the next phase is to merge regions according to the similarity between regions. In this phase, to segment SAR image effectively, the proposed hashing algorithm is used to obtain hash value and similarity between regions, which preserve the texture features of SAR images. In addition, we can obtain a smooth segmentation result by reducing the redundant information with principal component analysis. Furthermore, morphological methods are used to eliminate the uneven background in the segmentation results. These improvements make our algorithm more effective to segment the images with high speed. The experimental results of four real and one synthetic SAR images verify the efficiency of our algorithm.     

Watershed-based hierarchical SAR image segmentation

Watershed transformation is a powerful image segmentation tool recently developed in mathematical morphology. In order to segment images initially oversegmented by watershed transformation, two approaches are considered: one is the thresholding of the gradient image proposed by us which is capable of keeping more salient image contours; the other is the well known centroid linkage region growing algorithm which merges regions with certain statistical similarities. By choosing suitable thresholds in the two approaches, hierarchical image segmentation algorithms can be constructed. A Ratio of Averages (ROA) edge detector is proposed to replace the morphological edge detectors prior to watershed transformation when applied to Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images. Applications to SAR agricultural image segmentation with these hierarchical segmentation algorithms are presented. It is demonstrated that the algorithms are efficient in the segmentation of the SARimages and appropriate for land use applications when the land cover is made up of individual plots.     

IRGS: image segmentation using edge penalties and region growing

This paper proposes an image segmentation method named iterative region growing using semantics (IRGS), which is characterized by two aspects. First, it uses graduated increased edge penalty (GIEP) functions within the traditional Markov random field (MRF) context model in formulating the objective functions. Second, IRGS uses a region growing technique in searching for the solutions to these objective functions. The proposed IRGS is an improvement over traditional MRF based approaches in that the edge strength information is utilized and a more stable estimation of model parameters is achieved. Moreover, the IRGS method provides the possibility of building a hierarchical representation of the image content, and allows various region features and even domain knowledge to be incorporated in the segmentation process. The algorithm has been successfully tested on several artificial images and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images.     

An automatic optical and SAR image registration method with iterative level set segmentation and SIFT

Although optical image registration methods have been successfully developed over the past decades, the registration of optical and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images is still a challenging problem in remote sensing. Feature-based methods are considered to be more effective for multi-source image registration. However, almost all of these methods rely on the feature extraction algorithms. In this article, a simultaneous segmentation and feature-based registration method based on an iterative level set and scale-invariant feature transform (ILS-SIFT) is proposed. The core idea consists of three aspects: (1) an iterative procedure that combines image segmentation and matching is proposed to avoid registration failure caused by poor feature extraction; (2) a uniform level set segmentation model for optical and SAR images is presented to segment conjugate features; and (3) an improved SIFT algorithm is employed to determine whether the registration was successful. Experimental results have shown the effectiveness and universality of the proposed method.     

SAR imagery segmentation by statistical region growing and hierarchical merging

This paper presents an algorithm to segment synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images, corrupted by speckle noise. Most standard segmentation techniques may require speckle filtering previously. Our approach performs radar image segmentation using the original noisy pixels as input data, i.e. without any preprocessing step. The algorithm includes a statistical region growing procedure combined with hierarchical region merging. The region growing step oversegments the input radar image, thus enabling region aggregation by employing a combination of the Kolmogorov–Smirnov (KS) test with a hierarchical stepwise optimization (HSWO) algorithm for performance improvement. We have tested and assessed the proposed technique on artificially speckled image and real SAR data.     

综合边界和纹理信息的合成孔径雷达图像目标分割

目的 针对传统Grab Cut算法需要人工交互操作,无法实现合成孔径雷达（SAR）图像的自动分割,且方式单一（仅利用边界或纹理信息中的一种）的问题,提出一种综合利用边界和纹理信息的改进Grab Cut算法,实现对SAR图像目标的自动分割。方法 首先将其他格式的彩色或灰度SAR图像转化为24 bit的位图,采用图形理论对整幅SAR图像建模,根据最大流算法找到描述图的能量函数最小的割集,从而分割出目标区域;然后采用中值滤波抑制相干噪声;最后通过邻域生长算法滤除图像斑点和小目标的干扰,从而达到目标边界的连接,实现自动对SAR图像中的目标进行分割。结果 在64位Window 7环境下采用MATLAB R2014处理平台,对楼房、车库、大树、汽车群等4幅分辨率不同的SAR图像进行目标分割实验,特征目标被自动分割出来,耗时分别为1.69 s、1.58 s、1.84 s和3.09 s,相比Mean-shift和Otsu算法,平均计算效率分别提升150%和3%,并且图像中的背景杂波、目标阴影和干扰小目标均被有效去除。结论 综合利用边界和纹理信息能够有效抑制相干噪声,去除图像斑点和小目标的干扰,从而达到目标边界的连接,实现对SAR图像目标的自动分割。实验结果表明,本文算法可以满足工程化应用要求,自适应性强,分割精度高,且具有较好的鲁棒性。     

A global energy optimization framework for 2.1D sketch extraction from monocular images

The 2.1D sketch is a layered image representation, which assigns a partial depth ordering of over-segmented regions in a monocular image. This paper presents a global optimization framework for inferring the 2.1D sketch from a monocular image. Our method only uses over-segmented image regions (i.e., superpixels) as input, without any information of objects in the image, since (1) segmenting objects in images is a difficult problem on its own and (2) the objective of our proposed method is to be generic as an initial module useful for downstream high-level vision tasks. This paper formulates the inference of the 2.1D sketch using a global energy optimization framework. The proposed energy function consists of two components: (1) one is defined based on the local partial ordering relations (i.e., figure-ground) between two adjacent over-segmented regions, which captures the marginal information of the global partial depth ordering and (2) the other is defined based on the same depth layer relations among all the over-segmented regions, which groups regions of the same object to account for the over-segmentation issues. A hybrid evolution algorithm is utilized to minimize the global energy function efficiently. In experiments, we evaluated our method on a test data set containing 100 diverse real images from Berkeley segmentation data set (BSDS500) with the annotated ground truth. Experimental results show that our method can infer the 2.1D sketch with high accuracy.     

分水岭算法和基于MRF的层次聚类相结合的混合无监督图像分割算法

提出一种新的混合多阶段无监督图像分割算法。在第一阶段,通过分水岭算法得到一幅过度分割的图像,该图像中的所有小区域作为初始聚类状态将在接下来的层次聚类阶段中被合并。在第二阶段,一种新的启发式的基于Bayesian方法和Markov随机域的计算模型被用于基于区域的层次聚类算法,该算法用来合并初始分割结果中的邻接区域,以改进分水岭算法的分割效果。深入分析了该计算模型中两个相互作用的部分。通过对多种不同种类图像使用该算法进行分割,表明这种多阶段的方法适合无监督分割,它按照视觉一致的方式合并区域,并且比传统的层次聚类算法快很多。     

基于层次Gamma混合模型的高分辨率SAR影像分割方法

为了准确地对高分辨率合成孔径雷达(SAR)影像内像素强度统计分布建模并得到高精度的分割结果,提出基于层次Gamma混合模型(HGaMM)的高分辨率SAR影像分割方法.HGaMM由多个Gamma混合模型构成,用于对非对称、重尾和多峰等复杂的像素强度统计分布建模.为了减少影像噪声对分割的影响,采用马尔科夫随机场建模像素标号场,将像素邻域位置关系引入HGaMM.根据贝叶斯理论,利用后验分布构建影像分割模型.马尔科夫链蒙特卡罗算法用于模拟影像分割模型.在模拟和真实SAR影像上的分割实验表明,文中方法可得到较高精度的分割结果.     

High-resolution SAR images segmentation using NSCT denoising and QIGA based parameters selection of PCNN model

The high-resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images usually contain inhomogeneous coherent speckle noises. For the high-resolution SAR image segmentation with such noises, the conventional methods based on pulse coupled neural networks (PCNN) have to face heavy parameters with a low efficiency. In order to solve the problems, this paper proposes a novel SAR image segmentation algorithm based on non-subsampling Contourlet transform (NSCT) denoising and quantum immune genetic algorithm (QIGA) improved PCNN models. The proposed method first denoising the SAR images for a pre-processing based on NSCT. Then, by using the QIGA to select parameters for the PCNN models, such models self-adaptively select the suitable parameters for segmentation of SAR images with different scenes. This method decreases the number of parameters in the PCNN models and improves the efficiency of PCNN models. At last, by using the optimal threshold to binary the segmented SAR images, the small objects and large scales from the original SAR images will be segmented. To validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, four different comparable experiments are applied to validate the proposed algorithm. Experimental results have shown that NSCT pre-processing has a better performance for coherent speckle noises suppression, and QIGA-PCNN model based on denoised SAR images has an obvious segmentation performance improvement on region consistency and region contrast than state-of-the-arts methods. Besides, the segmentation efficiency is also improved than conventional PCNN model, and the level of time complexity meets the state-of-the-arts methods. Our proposed NSCT+QIGA-PCNN model can be used for small object segmentation and large scale segmentation in high-resolution SAR images. The segmented results will be further used for object classification and recognition, regions of interest extraction, and moving object detection and tracking.