碳纳米管对三元乙丙橡胶性能的影响

研究了碳纳米管（CNTs）的加入对三元乙丙橡胶（EPDM）复合材料的力学性能和电性能的影响。将CNTs增强EPDM体系的力学性能与高耐磨炭黑（HAF）增强的体系进行了对比，并初步探讨了复合材料的结构。结果表明：CNTs的加入使EPDM胶料的力学性能和电性能均得到较大程度的提高，同时CNTs增强体系的力学性能也优于HAF增强体系的，SEM分析说明，CNTs在胶料中呈现纳米及分散，界面结合较好，并实现了有效的负载转移。     

Structure and properties of organoclay/EPDM nanocomposites: Influence of ethylene contents

Four organoclay (OC)/ethylene–propylene–diene rubber (EPDM) nanocomposites with different ethylene contents were prepared by melt blending. X‐ray diffraction spectrum (XRD) and transmission electronic microscope (TEM) photos showed that OC/EPDM nanocomposites were intercalated, and the ethylene content had little influence on the dispersion of OC. The addition of OC prolonged the optimum cure time and reduced the crosslink density of OC/EPDM. The improvement in tensile strength of OC/EPDM nanocomposites with high ethylene contents (67–70%) was larger than that of OC/EPDM nanocomposites with low ethylene contents (52–52.5%). XRD results of the stretched samples testified that the extension promoted orientation of silicate layers, and induced crystallization of polyethylene (PE) segments in OC/EPDM nanocomposites with high ethylene contents. The highly oriented micro‐fibrillar structure and more oriented amorphous chains, which resulted from strain‐induced crystallization of PE segments and the orientation of clay layers in OC/EPDM nanocomposites with high ethylene contents (67–70%), should be responsible for larger improvement in tensile strength than that of those nanocomposites with low ethylene contents (52–52.5%) © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 914–919, 2006     

硫黄硫化EPDM/IIR并用胶硫化特性的研究

探讨生胶并用比、硫黄用量、促进剂用量、补强剂种类和用量、软化剂用量对EPDM／IIR并用胶硫化特性的影响。结果表明，EPDM／IIR并用比增大，并用胶的t90缩短，MH增大；硫黄用量增大，并用胶的t90缩短，t90延长，MH增大；促进剂CZ用量增大对并用胶的硫化特性无明显影响；炭黑N220作补强剂的并用胶t10和t90较短，MH较大；炭黑N220用量增大，并用胶的t90延长，ML和MH增大；软化剂凡士林用量增大，并用胶的t90缩短，MH减小。     

Characteristics of ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber/organoclay nanocomposites resulting from different processing conditions and formulations

Several parameters which affect the nanocomposite formation in a sulfur‐cured ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM) containing 10 phr organoclay (montmorillonite modified with octadecylamine; MMT–ODA), were investigated. The parameters varied were linked to processing (mixer type, temperature) and rubber recipe (compatibilizer, accelerator). Increasing temperature and high shear mixing (internal mixer instead of open mill) improved the mechanical performance of the rubber nanocomposites. A more pronounced effect was achieved by using polar EPDM rubbers (maleic anhydride and glycidyl methacrylate grafted version) as compatibilizer. Among the accelerators, zinc diethyldithiocarbamate proved to be most suitable. The microstructure of the rubber/organoclay systems was studied by X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Organoclay intercalation/exfoliation was accompanied by its more or less severe confinement (reaggregation, deintercalation). This was traced to a partial or full removal of the ODA intercalant from the clay galleries via the formation of a zinc complex in which amine groups of the ODA and sulfur participated. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

不同防老剂并用种类对EPDM共混胶耐老化性能的影响

研究了不同防老剂并用种类对EPDM共混胶耐老化性能的影响,研究表明,防老剂并用种类对共混胶的硫化程度有一定的影响,对焦烧时间、工艺正硫化时间影响不大;老化后,拉伸强度变化率较好的是防老剂445/NBC和防老剂2246/445,扯断伸长率较高的是防老剂445/DDA和防老剂2246/MB,综合性能来看,防老剂2246/MB和防老剂445/DDA两者并用效果较好。     

Uniaxial compression and stretching deformation of an i-PP/EPDM/organoclay nanocomposite

In this study, the morphology and rheological properties of nanocomposites prepared by melt mixing of isotactic polypropylene (i-PP), ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer rubber (EPDM), and Cloisite 15A organoclay, were investigated at rest and under of uniaxial compression and stretching deformations at room temperature. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) experiments revealed that intercalation took place between the clay and the blend. The lamellar long period (L) of the polymeric structure determined by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) was found to increase upon the addition of nanoclay, which also resulted in variations in the angle of rotation (?) between the polymer and clay lamellae. The intercalated nanoclay improved the storage and loss modulus of the resulting materials in the melt state significantly, as determined from oscillatory rheology analyses. Finally, we verified that the uniaxial plane deformation caused by compression of the nanocomposites contributed to the reduction of crystalline domains in the blend, while the crystallinity remained almost constant in the case of uniaxial stretching deformation.     

Preparation and characterization of organoclay nanocomposites based on natural rubber

Rubber compounds based on natural rubber (NR) reinforced with octadecylamine‐modified bentonite have been prepared via a vulcanization process and characterized by several techniques. The silicate nanolayers are exfoliated and uniformly dispersed in the polymer chains. Monsanto measurements have shown that the organoclay accelerates the vulcanization reaction and, furthermore, gives rise to a marked increase of the torque, indicating that the elastomer becomes more crosslinked in the presence of the organoclay. These results were corrobated by swelling measurements since a noticeable increase in the curing degree was observed when the organoclay was added to the rubber recipe. Moreover, thermodynamic parameters have shown an increase in the structural order of the nanocomposite. In addition, thermal analysis supports the assumption that the degree of curing of the elastomer increases when the organoclay is added to the elastomer. An appreciable increase of the involved heat during the curing reaction has been observed. Moreover, the T_g of the NR increases in the presence of the organoclay due to the confinement of the elastomer segment into the organoclay nanolayers, which restricts the mobility of the chains. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry     

改性剂和增容剂在EPDM/蒙脱土纳米复合材料中的作用

采用熔融插层和不同链长的改性荆改性蒙脱土的方法制备了三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)／蒙脱土(MMT)纳米复合材料。X-射线衍射(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)的测试结果表明：采用分子中亚甲基的数量小于16的改性剂改性MMT获得的有机蒙脱土与EPDM复合所得到的复合材料为传统型复合材料。而采用分子中亚甲基的数量大于16的改性剂改性MMT获得的有机蒙脱土与EPDM复合所得到的纳米复合材料为插层型。同时，笔者还探讨了EPDM接枝马来酸酐增容剂时复合材料形态的影响以及获得剥离型纳米复合材料的增容剂中马来酸酐的临界接枝率和增容剂最佳含量。此外，时该纳米复合材料的物理机械性能进行了评价。     

Recycling of EPDM waste. II. Replacement of virgin rubber by ground EPDM vulcanizate in EPDM/PP thermoplastic elastomeric composition

Virgin ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber in a thermoplastic elastomeric blend of polypropylene (PP) and EPDM rubber was substituted by ground EPDM vulcanizate of known composition, after which the mechanical properties of the raw EPDM/waste EPDM/PP blends were determined. The ratio of the rubber content in the waste EPDM (r‐W‐EPDM) to the raw EPDM (R‐EPDM) in the blends was varied from 0 : 100 to 45 : 55. Attempts to replace higher amounts (>45%) of R‐EPDM by W‐EPDM failed because of processing difficulty. Although a drop in mechanical properties of the blends was observed at lower loadings of W‐EPDM, the properties showed improvement at intermediate W‐EPDM loadings. The R‐EPDM/W–EPDM/PP blends were found to be reprocessable. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 3304–3312, 2001     

高苯乙烯在三元乙丙橡胶中的应用

文中研究了高苯乙烯对三元乙丙橡胶性能的影响。试验结果表明,随着胶料中高苯乙烯用量的增加,三元乙丙橡胶的硬度、定伸应力增大,拉伸强度、拉断伸长率有所降低。     

Recycling of EPDM waste. I. Effect of ground EPDM vulcanizate on properties of EPDM rubber

Processing, cure characteristics, and mechanical properties of EPDM rubber containing ground EPDM vulcanizate of known composition were studied. Mooney viscosity increases and Mooney scorch time decreases by the addition of the ground vulcanizate. At higher loadings of the ground rubber, the maximum rheometric torque decreases. On addition of ground waste, stress–strain properties and tear resistance increase, whereas heat buildup marginally increases, resilience marginally decreases, low‐strain modulus remains constant, and abrasion resistance decreases. The interplay between the filler effect of the ground EPDM and the crosslink density changes of the EPDM matrix is believed to be the reason for the variation in mechanical properties. It is believed that sulfur migration occurs from the raw EPDM matrix (R‐EPDM) to the ground waste EPDM (W‐EPDM) particle while accelerator migration occurs from W‐EPDM to R‐EPDM. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 3293–3303, 2001     

A novel whitening test method of a sulfur-cured EPDM composite filled with carbon black in calcium cation solution

A simple and efficient whitening test method of a carbon black-filled sulfur-cured EPDM composite by formation of calcium stearate was established using Ca²⁺ solution and convenient analytical techniques. The sample was aged in 0.1 M CaCl₂ solution at 30–90 °C for 1 and 3 days. ATR-FTIR spectra of the aged sample surfaces displayed unique calcium stearate peaks. Level of the whitening of a rubber article can be determined by analysis of the cross section of the aged sample using an image analyzer and by analysis of calcium stearate on the aged sample surface using an ATR-FTIR.     

三元乙丙橡胶/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备方法与应用前景

橡胶／蒙脱土纳米复合材料的优异性能使其成为橡胶工业中富有潜力的一类新型材料。笔者综述了三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)／蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备方法、性能和工业应用领域等，讨论了蒙脱土片层的表面修饰、插层剂的选择以及复合材料的制备方法对材料性能的影响，并提出了三元乙丙橡胶／蒙脱土纳米复合材料这一新型橡胶材料在轮胎工业上的应用前景。     

Deformation and energy-absorption characteristics of microcellular EPDM rubber

Compressive stress–strain properties of closed-cell microcellular EPDM rubber vulcanizates with and without a filler were studied with the variation of density. For filler variation studies, silica and carbon black (N330) were used. With a decrease in density, the stress–strain curve for microcellular EPDM behaves differently from that for the solid vulcanizates: The curve rises steeply when cell breakdown occurs. The compressive stress–strain properties are found to depend on the strain rate. The compression set at constant stress increases with decreasing density. The energy-absorption behavior was studied from the compressive stress–strain properties. The efficiency, E, and ideality, I, parameters were also determined as they are useful for the evaluation of closed-cell microcellular rubber as a cushioning and packaging material. These parameters were plotted against stress to find the maximum efficiency and maximum ideality region which will make these materials suitable for cushioning or packaging applications. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 68:263–269, 1998     

Structure–property relationship of electron‐beam‐modified EPDM rubber

Electron‐beam‐initiated grafting of trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) onto the bulk ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) was carried out with varying concentrations of TMPTA at a constant irradiation dose of 100 kGy and over a wide range of irradiation doses (0–500 kGy) at a fixed concentration (10%) of TMPTA. The rubber was also modified in the bulk by tripropylene glycol diacrylate (TPGDA, 10%) and tetramethylol methane tetraacrylate (TMMT, 10%) at an irradiation dose of 100 kGy. The modified rubbers were characterized by IR spectroscopy, crosslinking density measurements, and mechanical, dynamic mechanical, and electrical properties. The IR studies indicated increased peak absorbances at 1730, 1260, and 1019 cm⁻¹ due to increased 〉CO and C O C concentrations up to certain levels of TMPTA and irradiation dose. These are accompanied by an increase in the crosslinking density. The tensile strength of the samples increases gradually with increasing both the concentration of the monomer and radiation dose up to a certain level. The values of the modulus also increase at the expense of the elongation at break. An increase in the number of double bonds from two in the case of the diacrylate to four in the case of the tetraacrylate also brings about an increase in the tensile strength and moduli values. The elongation at break, however, decreases. The DMTA measurements indicate changes in the glass transition temperature, T_g, and tan δ_max on modification. The T_g shifts to a higher temperature with a simultaneous lowering of the tan δ_max values as the TMPTA level is increased. A similar trend is observed when the irradiation dose is increased and the nature of the monomer changes from di‐ to tetraacrylate. The dielectric loss tangent registers an increase on modification by irradiation of TMPTA while the permittivity is decreased. All the results could be explained on the basis of the structural modification and crosslinking density. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 323–337, 2000     

ATH对无卤阻燃型EPDM性能的影响

研究了不同粒径氢氧化铝（ATH）及用量对无卤阻燃型三元乙丙橡胶性能的影响。结果表明,小粒径ATH有助于保持硫化胶力学性能并提高阻燃性能;填充120目ATH的EPDM硫化胶拉伸强度仅为9.0MPa,填充7000目ATH的硫化胶拉伸强度为14.7MPa;ATH粒径变小对EPDM硫化胶的电绝缘性能影响不大。ATH用量增加,硫化胶力学性能下降,阻燃性能得到改善;当ATH用量为0份时,硫化胶氧指数仅为19.3%;当ATH用量为200份时,氧指数达到40.2%;ATH用量为140份时,垂直燃烧水平达到FV-0级。DMA数据显示,ATH粒径越小,EPDM胶料的贮能模量越大,tgδ值越小,Tg向低温方向偏移。     

EPDM橡胶耐热性能的研究

通过对三元乙丙橡胶（EPDM）硫化体系、补强体系、填充体系和增塑体系的选择,研究了其对EPDM胶料耐热性能的影响。结果表明,采用有效硫化体系（EV）时,添加不超过40份的丁基橡胶（IIR）和20份的白炭黑能有效改善胶料在高温下的力学性能。     

Morphology of nylon 1212 toughened with a maleated EPDM rubber

BACKGROUND: Polyamides, or nylons, are an attractive class of engineering polymers due to their excellent strength and stiffness, low friction and chemical and wear resistance. However, they are highly notch‐sensitive, i.e. they are often ductile in the un‐notched state, but fail in a brittle manner when notched. A super‐tough nylon 1212 was prepared by blending nylon 1212 with ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) grafted with maleic anhydride (MA). The morphologies of Izod impact fracture surfaces as well as xylene‐etched surfaces of the nylon were thoroughly investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS: The fracture morphology and the impact strength of the nylon 1212 blends are very well correlated. The impact fracture surface of the blends exhibits certain characteristic features, such as the observation of fiber‐like sticks when etched with boiling xylene, formed during the impact fracture process. SEM images of xylene‐etched surfaces as well as the results of X‐ray energy dispersive spectroscopy suggest that the successful toughening of nylon 1212 with EPDM‐graft‐MA is due to the reaction between the anhydride of EPDM‐graft‐MA and the amine end‐groups of nylon 1212, leading to the formation of a homogenous graft copolymer system. CONCLUSION: The copolymer system, acting as a surfactant, reduces the interfacial tension between nylon 1212 and EPDM‐graft‐MA and produces a highly compatible super‐tough nylon 1212. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

几种常用橡胶着色剂对三元乙丙橡胶老化性能的影响

在相同配合的三元乙丙橡胶配方中,分别使用橡胶大红、立索尔宝红、永固黄、酞菁绿、酞菁蓝后,混炼胶料硫化特性和物理机械性能相近。但老化后,物理机械性能表现出较大差异。160℃×72 h老化后,对拉伸强度的影响,酞菁绿和酞菁蓝是橡胶大红和立索尔宝红的2.5～3倍,永固黄的影响居其间;对扯断伸长率的影响,酞菁绿、酞菁蓝和永固黄是橡胶大红和立索尔宝红的1.3～1.5倍;对硬度的影响,酞菁绿和酞菁蓝是橡胶大红、立索尔宝红和永固黄的1.3～1.4倍;对撕裂强度的影响,永固黄是酞菁绿、酞菁蓝、橡胶大红和立索尔宝红的3～4倍。且在不同的老化条件下,其影响表现出相同的差异趋势。     

吉林石化乙丙橡胶在汽车内胎制品上的应用

介绍了吉林石化三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)在内胎制品方面的研制情况.胶料配方以丁基胶(IIR)为主,并用部分吉林石化J-2070、J-2080.配方最终确定为(质量份):IIR 75;EPDM 25;ZnO 5;硬脂酸0.8;硫磺1.5;促进剂2.0;补强填充剂65;软化剂30°试制的内胎制品各项物性指标性能良好,符合厂家...