臭氧协同催化剂处理炼油废水实验研究

利用臭氧催化氧化技术,开展降解炼油废水的实验研究。通过模拟活性污泥法验证污水生物降解性能的调控效果。结果表明:利用臭氧非均相催化技术可有效降解炼油废水中有机污染物且生物降解性能显著提高,COD平均去除率达65.0%,BOD5/COD从0.13提高至0.28;对于本实验装置,处理4 000mL炼油废水最佳反应条件为臭氧流量40L/h,催化剂为200cm3载铜活性炭,pH=11,反应时间40min。     

Advanced purification of filtered water by aerobic IBAC

Dongjiang River,the main drinking water source ofGuangdong Province and the only fresh water source ofHong Kong SAR,is an eutrophic-shock water body be-cause of high concentration of Ammonia and Nitrite Nitro-gen caused by rapid urbanization,commercial-in…     

高级氧化组合工艺协同净化微污染水的示范生产实验

为考察催化氧化-UV/H_2O_2-生物活性炭(BAC)高级氧化组合联用工艺在实际生产中对微污染水源水的的处理效能,在淮南某水厂示范工程对微污染淮河水进行了生产实验.结果表明,催化臭氧氧化-BAC组合联用工艺对水中的UV_(254)、DOC、氨氮、CODMn及THMFP均有较好的去除效果,且不会带来溴酸盐的问题.催化臭氧氧化工艺对UV_(254)、DOC、CODMn的平均去除率分别为21.8%、8.1%、10.8%.BAC对氨氮有很好的去除效果,最高去除率可达61%;对DOC和COD_(Mn)的平均去除率分别为10.4%和15.3%.催化臭氧氧化接触池对THMFP的平均去除率为34.9%,最高去除率可达53.2%.UV/H_2O_2在示范性生产实验中,对进一步提高有机物的去除能力有限;在实际生产设计中,考虑UV分解剩余臭氧的效用建议采用:催化臭氧氧化-UV-BAC-砂滤是确保饮用水出水安全可靠的高级氧化工艺必要的组合工艺模式.研究结果可为各自来水厂处理低温低浊水、提高出厂水水质以及自来水厂整体工艺的提升改造提供借鉴和参考.     

Improving AOC degradation rate by intensified biological process in advanced water treatment

Assimilable organic carbon(AOC)or biostabilityin drinking water is recognized as a newproblemin wa-ter treatment.AOC is defined as heterotrophic bacteriagrowth potential sustained by organic matrix namely ut-most character of bacteria growth[1].The appear…     

Purification of Songhua River water with an integrated O3 /AC-GAC process

Catalytic ozonation with coal-based activated carbon ( carbozone) followed by GAC ( granular activated carbon) filtration was compared with ozone-GAC process for water purification. Songhua River water pretreated with traditional processes was used as influent in the continuous-flow experiments. The carbozone-GAC process performed better than the ozone-GAC process during the 9. 5-months operation period. The organic removal rate in carbozone was found to be very high in the initial operation period,and then gradually decreased to a steady level. At the steady state of operation,the average removal rates of permanganate index ( PI) and UV254 were 25. 8% and 67. 8% in carbozone,and 6. 6% and 53. 7% in ozonation alone,respectively. The carbozone process also achieved a higher DOC removal than ozonation alone,and moreover,the number of semi-volatile organic compounds detected with GC/MS decreased from 44 to 28 in carbozone and 34 in ozonation alone,respectively. The catalyst surface became more acidic during the long-term operation with its pHPZC( pH at which its surface is zero charged) decreased from 7. 0 to 6. 2. In addition,the physical characteristics of the catalyst were also changed during the operation.     

Reclaimation of petroleum-based wastewater by noval ozone immobilized biological activated carbon process

The current trend in industrial wastewater manage-ment focuses both on pollution prevention by source re-duction/clean technologies and closed water systems,in which wastewater recycling plays a major role[1].Wastewater reclamation and reuse is pivotal for the sus-taining development of human. Even if total recyclingmay not be required in all cases, it represents an alter-native for industries with high-water consumption, wheneither stringent discharge limits are imposed or limitedfresh water …     

臭氧用于给水处理的几个理论和技术问题

根据作者在国外的实践经验和掌握的资料,综合论述了在给水的深度处理中应用臭氧技术的几个主要问题．以常规处理即混凝—沉淀—过滤流程为骨架导入臭氧和生物活性炭处理是国外用的比较多的深度处理流程,臭氧处理的目的主要在于去除水中三卤甲烷前驱物质,去除水的异臭味或水的消毒．臭氧能否有效地去除三卤甲烷前驱物质取决于这些物质的化学性态和臭氧处理条件;对水中异臭味物质分解起作用的主要是臭氧自我分解产物的氢氧自由基;臭氧对水中微生物的灭活效果可用其浓度和接触时间和乘积作为判断的指标．文中对这些处理过程的基本理论和技术要点进行了说明．     

Catalytic ozonation of phenol and oxalic acid with copper-loaded activated carbon

A novel heterogeneous catalytic ozonation process in water treatment was studied, with a copper-loaded activated carbon (Cu/AC) that was prepared by an incipient wetness impregnation method at low temperature and tested as a catalyst in the ozonation of phenol and oxalic acid. Cu/AC was characterized using XRD, BET and SEM techniques. Compared with ozonation alone, the presence of Cu/AC in the ozonation processes significantly improves the degradation of phenol or oxalic acid. With the introduction of the hydroxyl radical scavenger, i.e., turt-butanol alcohol (t-BuOH), the degradation efficiency of both phenol and oxalic acid in the Cu/AC catalyzed ozonation process decreases by 22% at 30 min. This indicates that Cu/AC accelerates ozone decomposition into certain concentration of hydroxyl radicals. The amount of Cu(Ⅱ) produced during the reaction of Cu/AC-catalyzed ozonation of phenol or oxalic acid is very small, which shows that the two processes are both heterogeneous catalytic ozonation reactions.     

CuO-containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes:a novel catalyst for the catalytic ozonation of humic acid in water

CuO particles were attempted to fill in the channel of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as novel catalytic materials CuO@MWCNTs used for ozonation of humic acids (HA) in aqueous solution.Catalyst samples were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM),X-ray diffraction (XRD),thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).The removal efficiency of HA was promoted in the presence of CuO@MWCNTs compared with that of Al2O3-supported CuO catalyst (CuO/Al2O3) and CuO-coating MWCNTs catalyst (CuO/MWCNTs).The strong synergetic effect in the confinement environment on CuO nanoparticles can attribute to the locally higher pressure due to the lower potential energy of reactants in the channels.Strong interaction happened between the catalyst and reactants,which promoted the decomposition of ozone and the generation of OH.The results of experimental and theoretical investigation confirmed that CuO@MWCNTs promotes the initiation and generation of OH,hence accelerating the degradation of organic pollutants.     

CuO-containing multi-wailed carbon nanotubes: a novel catalyst for the catalytic ozonation of humic acid in water

CuO particles were attempted to fill in the channel of multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs)as novel catalytic materials CuO@MWCNTs used for ozonation of humic acids(HA)in aqueous solution.Catalyst samples were characterized by transmission electron microscopy(TEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),thermogravimetric analysis(TG)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The removal efficiency of HA was promoted in the presence of CuO@MWCNTs compared with that of Al2 O3-supported CuO catalyst(CuO/Al2O3)and CuO-coating MWCNTs catalyst(CuO/MWCNTs).The strong synergetic effect in the confinement environment on CuO nanoparticles can attribute to the locally higher pressure due to the lower potential energy of reactants in the channels.Strong interaction happened between the catalyst and reactants,which promoted the decomposition of ozone and the generation of OH.The results of experimental and theoretical investigation confirmed that CuO@MWCNTs promotes the initiation and generation of OH,hence accelerating the degradation of organic pollutants.     

电催化氧化甲胺磷农药废水实验

以活性炭-纳米二氧化钛为电催化剂,对甲胺磷溶液的电催化氧化降解规律进行了研究.考察了催化剂量、槽电压、pH值、反应时间等因素对处理效果的影响.实验结果表明,该工艺能有效的去除废水中的有机物,纳米二氧化钛催化剂的催化效果显著,去除机制主要是电致H2O2、.OH对有机物的氧化、降解.通过ESR检测了电催化系统处理废水过程中产生的羟基自由基.     

Bromate removal by activated carbon adsorption:material selection and impact factors study

Studies are conducted by using activated carbon process aimed at bromate removal from the raw water.Screening of activated carbon for bromate removal was performed in different activated carbons.GAC Merck possesses the highest iodine number and surface area,the highest number of basic groups and Vmeso,thereby contains the highest adsorption velocity and adsorption capacity.Impact factors of bromate removal on activated carbon were studied.Through static absorption experiments we studied the effect of adsorption time,pH,temperature,anions and organic matter on bromate removal.With the decrease of pH,removal of bromate enhanced,suggests that it may be possible to increase bromate reduction through pH control.The increase of temperature will be favorable to adsorption of bromate on activated carbon.Anions and organic matter can inhibit the adsorption of bromate on activated carbon through competing active sites.Bromate removal can be improved by controlling key water quality parameters.     

氧化铝催化臭氧氧化去除水中痕量嗅味物质

为解决饮用水中的嗅味问题,以γ-Al2O3为催化剂,考察强化臭氧氧化对水中嗅味物质的去除能力.以二甲基异茨醇(MIB)和土臭素(GSM)为代表,研究天然水体中γ-Al2O3催化臭氧氧化MIB和GSM的降解效能及相关影响因素.结果表明,γ-Al2O3催化臭氧氧化技术可以有效地降解天然水体中的嗅味物质,其降解能力随着天然水水质不同而有差异.同时γ-Al2O3催化臭氧氧化较单独臭氧氧化可以更有效地降低水体中有机物的相对分子质量.在两种天然水体中臭氧的衰减过程有所不同,催化臭氧过程中产生的羟基自由基显著高于臭氧氧化过程.γ-Al2O3的加入可以显著提高臭氧对水中典型嗅味物质的去除能力,同时水体中的天然本底物质对臭氧氧化和催化臭氧氧化过程有显著影响.     

臭氧-生物活性炭工艺中生物群落分布特征

运用PCR-DGGE、脂磷法及传统的细菌培养法等微生物技术,研究了臭氧-生物活性炭污水深度处理工艺中生物群落的分布特征.研究结果表明活性炭床内生物量呈沿炭层高度从上到下逐渐减少的分布特征.生物活性炭床中存在丰富的专性好氧、兼性和专性厌氧等16种菌种.在炭床中上部,好氧及兼性菌数量较大,厌氧菌虽然在炭床底部占主导,但其数量较少.生物活性炭床中好氧菌是优势菌.     

非均相催化臭氧化除污染技术机理印证

为印证非均相催化臭氧化工艺的机理,对比不同反应体系硝基苯的降解.使用ESR、GC/MS和IC检测体系中HO.的引发和氧化产物.结果证实单独臭氧氧化和蜂窝陶瓷催化臭氧化对硝基苯的降解均遵循HO.氧化机理;与单独臭氧氧化相比,蜂窝陶瓷催化臭氧化产生较高质量浓度的HO.,引起TOC去除效果的明显升高;2个体系对硝基苯的降解都生成了中间产物.催化臭氧化去除水中硝基苯的中间产物主要含有硝基苯酚、硝基苯多酚和小分子有机酸,初步提出HO.氧化硝基苯的可能降解路径.     

TiO2 光-热催化降解有机污染物的初步研究

从光催化过程与热催化过程结合形成高效光催化反应技术入手,初步探究在固液相光催化反应中温度对有机污染物降解效果的影响．通过系列试验及结果分析表明：以活性紫溶液为模拟有机污染物废水的光热催化降解试验中,当加热时在反应后期会出现去除率下降的现象,说明热催化过程对于降解有机物的反应速率存在一定影响,并有一定的贡献;溶液的酸碱性对反应的降解效果存在影响,且降解反应条件选择酸性环境更加适宜;光热耦合催化氧化试验组的反应时间明显缩短,且降解效果皆优于单一光催化反应和单一热催化反应,因此光热耦合降解反应中的光热催化并不是光催化与热催化的简单叠加,而是存在协同作用．     

水中腐植酸的臭氧化特性研究

根据小型实验研究结果,分析了水中腐植酸的氧化反应特性,探讨了用E254,TOC以及二者的比值E254／TOC评价臭氧化功效的可能性、臭氧化的主要功效不在于降低以TOC为代表的水中有机物总量,而是改变了有机物的性质和结构,降低了有机物的紫外吸光度E254,改善了有机物的生化降解性。     

活性炭向生物活性炭转化过程中溴酸盐的控制

为了比较活性炭与生物活性炭对溴酸盐的去除效果,采用水厂中试模型试验考察了活性炭表面的生物量及溴酸盐去除率的变化.结果表明:新鲜活性炭对溴酸盐的去除率为57.1%,在活性炭向生物活性炭转化的过程中,随着活性炭表面生物量的增加,炭柱对溴酸盐的去除效果逐渐提高.经过8个月的中试模型连续运行,溴酸盐的去除率提高至75.4%,成熟生物活性炭对溴酸盐的去除效果稳定,从而证明生物活性炭比活性炭更有利于溴酸盐的去除.     

污泥基催化剂强化臭氧深度处理煤制气废水中试性能

为解决煤制气废水生化处理后出水仍含有大量有毒和难降解污染物,对环境产生严重污染的问题,以污水污泥为原料制备污泥基活性炭,采用浸渍法将其负载过渡金属锰和铁的氧化物(主要为Mn_3O_4和Fe_3O_4,负载量分别为15.52%和7.45%),制备比表面积分别为327.5和339.1 m~2/g的臭氧催化剂.中试实验结果表明,催化剂的使用显著提高臭氧氧化废水污染物的效能,处理后出水COD、TOC、总酚和氨氮质量浓度分别为41~43,19~20,0.6~0.9和4.3~4.5 mg/L,均达到城镇污水处理厂污染物排放一级A标准;在最佳的臭氧投加量18 g/h条件下,催化剂的使用将臭氧利用率提高40%,达1.24 mg/mg(以COD计),显著降低工艺运行成本;相比新鲜的催化剂,连续50次的催化臭氧氧化运行,COD去除率仅下降5.2%.催化剂具有良好的稳定性,制备成本仅为5 000元/t.制备的臭氧催化剂具有性能高效稳定、经济节约和可持续发展的技术优势,适用于强化臭氧深度处理煤制气废水.     

聚合硅酸铁催化臭氧氧化硝基氯苯的效能

为了考察实验室合成的聚合硅酸铁在臭氧氧化过程中的作用以及在实际工程中的应用价值,用聚合硅酸铁为催化剂,研究了在静态试验和连续流实验两种反应体系中催化臭氧氧化去除硝基氯苯(CNBs)的效能.静态实验结果表明,在去离子水本底条件下,催化臭氧氧化与单独臭氧氧化相比可以使2-氯硝基苯(oCNB),3-氯硝基苯(mCNB)和4-氯硝基苯(pCNB)去除率分别提高41%、39%和46%;在自来水本底条件下也可分别提高27%、30%和27%;在以自来水为本底的连续流实验中聚合硅酸铁催化臭氧氧化与单独臭氧氧化相比可使oCNB、mCNB和pCNB的去除率分别提高20%、24%和20%.叔丁醇对催化臭氧氧化的抑制作用表明聚合硅酸铁催化臭氧氧化CNBs的作用机理是以羟基自由基为主的间接氧化过程.