微胶囊耐晒黄G的制备及其应用性能评价

简述以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为囊材,对耐晒黄G的包覆技术,并对包覆前后颜料的耐热稳定性、耐迁移性和耐溶剂性及吸油性等应用性能进行了评价对比。     

SiO2/有机颜料双层包覆彩色铝颜料的制备及表征

以正硅酸乙酯为硅源，通过溶胶-凝胶法反应制得SiO2包覆的铝颜料，然后通过沉淀剂BaCl2·2H2O分别将有机颜料酞菁蓝或偶氮红沉淀在SiO2包覆层的表面制得具有金属光泽的无机-有机双层包覆蓝色铝颜料和红色铝颜料。采用FE-SEM、接触角和耐碱性测试对制备的SiO2包覆铝颜料和无机-有机双层包覆彩色铝颜料的性能进行表征。结果表明：SiO2首先在铝颜料表面形成一层均匀致密的亲水性包覆层，继续包覆酞菁蓝或偶氮红有机颜料层后得到的双层包覆彩色铝颜料与水的接触角由23.2°增加至80.0°左右，疏水性增加，在40 ℃、pH=9的弱碱性环境下，SiO2包覆铝颜料48 h内氢气释放量小于6 mL，彩色铝颜料小于30 mL，之后二者均趋于平稳；色卡对比和多角度色差分析仪结果证明，制备的无机-有机双层包覆彩色铝颜料具有明显的“随角异色”性，红色铝颜料的色彩饱和度大于蓝色铝颜料，且随着酞菁蓝原料的增加，蓝色铝颜料的颜色饱和度增加，但对明度的影响不大。     

陶瓷防锈颜料的制备及性能研究

以陶瓷废料为主要原料,复配云母氧化铁、亚磷酸钙等物质,采用机械力/化学包覆的方法进行表面改性,制备了复合陶瓷防锈颜料。对产品的吸油量、水溶物、粒径分布、颗粒形貌等基本物理性能进行了分析,同时采用盐雾试验法对其在环氧涂层的防锈性能进行研究,并与三聚磷酸铝、普通磷酸锌和改性磷酸锌相比较。结果发现:颜料吸油量低、水溶物少;SEM结果显示,颜料粒子中含大量片状结构,可提供良好的屏蔽作用;盐雾试验结果表明,陶瓷颜料具有良好的防锈性能,防锈效果仅次于改性磷酸锌,明显优于普通磷酸锌和三聚磷酸铝。     

机械化学法制备重质碳酸钙基复合白色颜料

采用机械化学法实现金红石型钛白粉对重质碳酸钙的表面包覆,进而制备一种新型、廉价白色颜料。通过单因素和正交试验法来确定最优化工艺条件,采用白度、吸油量和遮盖力三个指标来评价表面包覆的效果。结果表明复合颜料制备最优工艺条件为：重质碳酸钙／钛白粉复合质量配比6：4,表面改性剂5g,干法球磨2h,转速200r／rain,在此条件下制得的复合粉体白度高（98．6）,吸油量低（18．6g／100g）,遮盖力高（25．8g／m^2）,已经接近纯钛白粉,在某些应用领域可作为钛白代用品。     

吸油量的测定及应用

吸油量是表示颜料粉末与载色体相互关系的一种物理数值。它不仅说明了颜料与载色体之间的混合比例、湿润程度、分散性能，而且也关系到涂料的配方和成膜后的各种性能。吸油量与颜料颗粒的大小、形状、分散与凝聚程度、比表面积以及颜料的表面性质有关。由于吸油量的测定方法至今仍然是手工调合，靠触觉和肉眼观察终点，因而带有一定的定性性质。因此考察吸油量时应进行综合分析，这样有助于指导生产和应用。1．吸油量的测定方法与终点的判断测定吸油量的方法大致可以分为两种：一种是用调刀捏合成不分散刚性油灰状的膏状物为终点，这种方法…     

通过包覆含铝物质提高氧化铁黄颜料的耐热性能

氧化铁黄的耐热性能较差,177℃便开始脱水变色,因此在塑料和高温涂料行业的应用受到限制。通过水热法和沉淀法相结合的方式,在氧化铁黄表面包覆一层含铝物质,制备耐热型包覆氧化铁黄颜料,探讨水热处理时间、温度及pH值对包覆铁黄耐热性能的影响。得到了最佳反应条件如下:pH为8、180℃水热处理6h时,铁黄的耐热温度可达240℃,色差为2.58。同时分析了不同pH值条件下包覆铁黄耐热性能差异的原因,结果表明:主要是由包覆层形成物质不同引起,其中pH为4和6时,包覆层为钠明矾石和羟基氧化铝的混合物;pH为8和10时,包覆层为羟基氧化铝;与未包覆铁黄相比,包覆铁黄的耐热性能明显提升。     

聚酯消光剂二氧化钛粉体的改性

采用多磷酸酯表面活性剂(ADDP)与十二烷基苯磺酸钠／磷酸酯(LAS／PE)两种表面活性剂体系对聚酯消光剂二氧化钛粉体(TA-300)改性。结果表明:质量分数均为3％的ADDP与LAS／PE体系改性的TA-300对去离子水的接触角由0°分别增到了130°与109°;吸油量由0.74 mL／g均降到了约0.28 mL／g,糊粘度由3 930 mPa·s分别降到了230 mPa·s和240 mPa·s。DSC表明:ADDP体系的放热峰在360℃左右,热稳定性优于LAS／PE体系。在PET中加入ADDP(质量分数为3％)改性的TA-300,熔融挤出时的网前压力在3.2-4.3 MPa,改性TA-300在PET中有很好的分散性和热稳定性。     

新型表面活性剂对酞菁蓝颜料的表面处理及表面性质的研究

本文自行设计并合成出新型颜料分散剂RSJ,用于酞菁蓝颜料的表面改性处理。分别研究在不同RSJ加量条件下酞菁蓝颜料临界润湿表面张力、表面自由能、流动性以及水相中分散稳定性的改善效果,并从中发现:经RSJ0.5％～3.0％添加量改性处理后,颜料临界润湿表面能γ_c由23mN/m变为34.8mN/m,提高了51％;对水的接触角由82.4°变为47°,减小了47％。表面自由能中的色散成分γ_s~d变化不大,可以认为保持不变,但是γ_s~p却由18.9mN/m变大为27.2mN/m,使得γ_s整体提高13％。此外,流动性提高2.5倍,水中分散稳定性提高了29％。     

乳液聚合法包覆酞菁蓝的制备及性能研究

在超细可聚合分散剂/酞菁蓝分散体中添加共聚单体和引发剂,采用乳液聚合法对酞菁蓝进行包覆。考察了共聚单体结构及用量、引发剂用量、反应温度和时间对包覆酞菁蓝性能的影响。结果表明,与甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)和丙烯酸丁酯(BA)相比,苯乙烯(St)是较佳的包覆共聚单体,当St质量为颜料质量的20%,过硫酸铵(APS)质量为St与烯丙氧基壬基苯氧基丙醇聚氧乙烯磺酸铵(ANPS)总质量的1.0%,于70～80℃反应2 h时,所制备包覆酞菁蓝的粒径较小,稳定性较高。与未聚合分散体相比,包覆酞菁蓝的耐热稳定性、耐酸碱稳定性和离心稳定性均有明显提高,FTIR和TEM照片表明,酞菁蓝表面包覆了聚合物,且包覆酞菁蓝粒度分布更均匀。     

表面处理条件不同对锆铝包覆类型钛白粉产品质量的影响

从无机包覆条件和不同的有机处理方式,研究了锆铝包覆类型的钛白粉,对产品质量的各影响因素,特别是引起吸油量指标偏高的因素,做出了评价。结果表明,打浆分散剂的选择、无机包覆量和无机处理选择合适的条件,有机处理使用硅烷偶联剂能够在溶剂型涂料和油墨中获得卓越的吸油量和良好的分散性。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。