纳米洋葱状富勒烯的研究进展及动向

评述了纳米洋葱状富勒烯的研究发展过程和动向，论述了该物质的各种制备方法及其工艺，并对各种制备工艺进行了分析和探讨性研究，在此基础上比较论述了每种方法的优缺点，展望了纳米洋葱状富勒烯基础研究，宏量制备和应用研究的发展趋向。     

固体推进剂用富勒烯及其衍生物制备研究进展

概述了富勒烯主要的制备方法,并简要对比分析了这些方法的优缺点。从富勒烯在固体推进剂中应用的需求考虑,总结了富勒烯衍生物制备研究的最新进展。最后,讨论了富勒烯及其衍生物在固体推进剂中的应用研究现状,以期为富勒烯的制备和应用提供一定的参考。     

富勒烯制备与提纯方法研究进展

富勒烯是由碳五元环和六元环相互排列组成的封闭中空分子的统称,是继石墨和金刚石之后人们发现的第三种碳的同素异形体.富勒烯具备独特的笼型结构以及特殊的物理化学性质,有着很高的应用研究价值,因此受到人们越来越多的关注,而其制备与分离技术是研究和应用的基础,本文综述了富勒烯的制备与提取分离方法,分析了影响富勒烯制备产率和效率的因素,比较了各种方法的优缺点,最后对富勒烯制备提纯技术提出了展望.     

富勒烯C_(60)纳米材料的制备及其应用研究进展

介绍了富勒烯C60一维、二维和三维纳米材料的晶态形貌,并对近几年来制备富勒烯C60纳米材料的合成和制备方法做了详细介绍。综述了富勒烯C60纳米材料在光学、电学、催化和生物医药等方面应用研究,并展望了富勒烯C60纳米材料的发展前景和趋势。     

用富勒烯残余烟灰制备炭分离膜的初步研究

以富勒烯残余烟灰为原料,采用粘结成型炭化法制备出炭分离膜,目的在于考察富勒烯残余烟灰的有效利用途径。实验结果表明,富勒烯残余烟灰可以用来制备炭分离膜,制备工艺条件对膜性能有较大影响。     

“富勒烯”落户炭黑院 促碳基纳米材料发展

1月17日,中橡集团炭黑工业研究设计院承担的燃烧法制备富勒烯的技术开发和装置,经过近一年的努力,解决了各种技术难题,在炭黑院自贡基地建成,并举行了点火仪式。     

富勒烯C_(60)衍生物纳米材料制备及其应用研究进展

介绍了富勒烯C_(60)衍生物纳米粒子、纳米纤维、纳米须、纳米线、纳米球、纳米网和微米花等不同晶态形貌的纳米材料,并对近几年来富勒烯C_(60)衍生物纳米材料的合成和制备方法做了详细介绍。综述了富勒烯C_(60)衍生物纳米材料在光电转换、疏水材料、生物医学应用和有机太能电池等方面的应用研究,展望了富勒烯C_(60)衍生物纳米材料的发展前景和趋势。     

富勒烯C60的制备研究Ⅰ最佳制备条件的确定

以石墨、煤基炭为原料,电弧法制备富勒烯。考察了富勒烯的最佳制备条件,并对电弧蒸发下富勒烯的形成机理进行了讨论。实验结果表明,在电弧法制备富勒烯的过程中,一个适宜的温度场分布对于提高富勒烯的产率是很重要的,在本实验条件下,富勒烯的最佳制备条件为：氦气压力Ｐ＝ ０．０１８ ＭＰａ～０．０２ ＭＰａ,直流电流强度Ｉ＝ ８０ Ａ～１００ Ａ。     

纳米富勒烯颗粒水悬液的制备与生物学效应

富勒烯以其独特的物理化学性质吸引了众多研究者的关注.但富勒烯在水中的溶解度十分有限,成为其应用在生物系统中的瓶颈.最近发现,将富勒烯制备成纳米颗粒水悬液是一种能有效改善富勒烯水溶性的方法.介绍了目前采用的4种制备方法,即四氢呋喃-丙酮法、甲苯超声法、四氢呋喃法、直接搅拌法,同时还介绍了水中纳米富勒烯颗粒可能形成的机制以及纳米富勒烯颗粒的细胞毒性和抗菌活性等方面的研究进展.     

水溶性纳米富勒烯衍生物的制备及其对细胞氧化应激保护作用的研究

富勒烯C60的缺电子多烯结构,容易与自由基发生加成反应,被称为"自由基的海绵",可保护细胞免受自由基伤害。它的笼形结构还可以用作药物载体,实现靶向释放,因此在生物和医学领域中应用受到广泛的关注。但是,富勒烯本身具有强烈的疏水性,难以在生物介质中直接使用,因此,制备水溶性富勒烯衍生物及提高富勒烯在生物体内的有效摄入量,成为目前研究热点。针对这些问题,设计并制备了水溶性富勒烯羟基氨基多官能度的衍生物,通过氨基的引入,增加了富勒烯在水中溶解度,提高细胞对富勒烯衍生物摄入量。用有机元素分析仪、红外光谱、光电子能谱、热失重等手段对其元素组成和结构进行了表征,其结构式为:C60O~10(OH)~16(NH2)~6(NO2)~6·24H_2O。用激光粒度仪测定其粒径分布和Zeta电势,粒径分布在170nm,Zeta电势为-3.54mV(pH=7.0水溶液)。并探究其对细胞的抗氧化应激的保护作用,结果表明所制备的水溶性富勒烯具有较强的清除超氧阴离子自由基的能力,可使细胞免于氧化应激伤害,提高细胞成活率,并具有浓度依赖性。与富勒醇对比,证明氨基引入确实提高了细胞对富勒烯衍生物的摄入量,为富勒烯在生物医药中应用提供了基础数据。     

重油残渣基新型碳功能材料的研究进展

综述了以重油残渣为原料,采用化学气相沉积法、共炭化法和微波等离子体法可控制备气相生长碳纤维、碳微球、内包铁洋葱状富勒烯、纳米碳管、内包金属碳微米颗粒及定向碳纳米薄膜等各种高附加值碳材料;采用等离子体氧化法、酸处理法、化学还原法等方法对气相生长碳纤维和碳微球进行表面修饰,在产物表面引入含氧官能团,解决了可溶性碳材料的制备问题;在碳微球表面引入Pt纳米颗粒,使重油残渣基新型碳材料在表面修饰和功能化后可望成为性能优异的吸附和催化材料.     

Determining conditions for the preparation of polymer films containing an ordered structure of carbon nanotubes and higher fullerenes

The experimental conditions necessary for the preparation of polymeric composite films (membranes) containing an ordered structure of single-wall carbon nanotubes and higher fullerenes are determined. The films are obtained by ordering a homogeneous suspension of carbon nanotubes and fullerenes in the initial liquid prepolymer or monomer, followed by curing of the matrix. The parameters of ordering (duration, field strength) are estimated, which make possible realization of the proposed process for the preparation of carbon-containing composite films based on polymer matrices of the polycyanurate type.     

Moving pentagons on nanocones

Abstract

Fullerenes are made by the intersection of twelve pentagonal nanocones. This note deals with an innovative isomeric mechanism, based on a sequence of Stone-Wales rotations, for moving the pentagonal face on the cusp of the nanocone. The modified nanocone is the seed for creating new fullerenes with different symmetry and size. Present results may help to model fullerene formation and, on the pure algorithmic side, may contribute to evolve the computer tools that generate fullerenes. This mechanism may also find application in mimicking the behaviors of biological systems that, like many viruses, are also describable in terms of spherical cages tiled by polygons.     

Size‐Selective Effects on Fullerene Adsorption by Nanoporous Molecular Networks

A new hierarchical self‐assembling molecular template, which can size‐selectively immobilize fullerene molecules, is reported. The molecular template is fabricated from 1,3,5‐tris(10‐carboxydecyloxy)benzene (TCDB) and triangle‐shaped macrocycles. It is observed that the two‐dimensional hydrogen‐bonded achiral TCDB network affected by the 3NN‐Macrocycle becomes a chiral network. Host and guest molecules both form chiral arrangements with hexagonal empty pores. In addition, fullerenes and other molecules such as coronene can be entrapped in the empty pores or on the 3NN‐Macrocycle molecules. The adsorption constant (K) is estimated, from which it is concluded that the different filling behaviors of the fullerenes are associated with the different sizes of the guest species. This method provides a facile approach to molecularly designed surfaces and the study of fullerene molecular arrays on the single‐molecule level.     

New Concepts and Applications in the Macromolecular Chemistry of Fullerenes

A new classification on the different types of fullerene‐containing polymers is presented according to their different properties and applications they exhibit in a variety of fields. Because of their interest and novelty, water‐soluble and biodegradable C₆₀‐polymers are discussed first, followed by polyfullerene‐based membranes where unprecedented supramolecular structures are presented. Next are compounds that involve hybrid materials formed from fullerenes and other components such as silica, DNA, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) where the most recent advances have been achieved. A most relevant topic is still that of C₆₀‐based donor‐acceptor (D–A) polymers. Since their application in photovoltaics D–A polymers are among the most realistic applications of fullerenes in the so‐called molecular electronics. The most relevant aspects in these covalently connected fullerene/polymer hybrids as well as new concepts to improve energy conversion efficiencies are presented. The last topics disccused relate to supramolecular aspects that are in involved in C₆₀‐polymer systems and in the self‐assembly of C₆₀‐macromolecular structures, which open a new scenario for organizing, by means of non‐covalent interactions, new supramolecular structures at the nano‐ and micrometric scale, in which the combination of the hydrofobicity of fullerenes with the versatility of the noncovalent chemistry afford new and spectacular superstructures.     

过渡族金属硫化物纳米管结构研发现状

随着碳富勒烯和碳纳米管的发现,具有类似层状结构的纳米颗粒MoS2,由于片层状平面结构的不稳定,易形成封闭多面体笼状结构和管状结构.综述了过渡族金属硫化物MS2(M=W,Mo,Nb,Ta,Zr,Ti,Re,Hf)纳米管的合成方法、微观结构、生长机制及其潜在的性能和应用.     

Photonic Microcapsules Containing Single‐Crystal Colloidal Arrays with Optical Anisotropy

Colloidal particles with a repulsive interparticle potential spontaneously form crystalline lattices, which are used as a motif for photonic materials. It is difficult to predict the crystal arrangement in spherical volume as lattices are incompatible with a spherical surface. Here, the optimum arrangement of charged colloids is experimentally investigated by encapsulating them in double‐emulsion drops. Under conditions of strong interparticle repulsion, the colloidal crystal rapidly grows from the surface toward the center of the microcapsule, forming an onion‐like arrangement. By contrast, for weak repulsion, crystallites slowly grow and fuse through rearrangement to form a single‐crystal phase. Single‐crystal structure is energetically favorable even for strong repulsion. Nevertheless, a high energy barrier to colloidal rearrangement kinetically arrests the onion‐like structure formed by heterogeneous nucleation. Unlike the isotropic onion‐shaped product, the anisotropic single‐crystal‐containing microcapsules selectively display—at certain orientations but not others—one of the distinct colors from the various crystal planes.     

Synthesis and Laser Desorption Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry of Massive Fullerenes

Synthesis of buckminsterfullerene (C₆₀) is highly simple and the mechanism of the molecule formation is quite well understood. It makes easier the search for the optimum conditions necessary for formation of massive fullerenes (more than 100 carbon atoms). The most popular graphite arc method has been used for fullerene synthesis in our laboratories. Other available methods, like laser ablation and E-gun evaporation, were not suitable for achieving of the convenient conditions. Results of the synthesis have been analyzed by laser desorption Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (LD FT/ICR-MS).

The conditions for massive fullerenes synthesis are discussed in the paper. The special care has been given to the LD FT/ICR-MS analysis. The importance of cooling gas during fullerene nucleation and growth in the very specific vacuum conditions is analyzed. The necessity for a thorough dynamic plasma diagnostic during the giant fullerenes growth is suggested.     

An overview of fullerene chemistry

Fullerenes which were thought to be ‘superaromatics’ are actually ‘superalkenes’. Reactions in fullerenes are varied, ranging from the addition of simple molecules like H₂ to large molecules like dendrimers. The synthesis, structure, characterization, along with simple reactions like halogenation, oxygenation, metalation, cycloaddition, polymerization and dendrimer addition are discussed.     

金属氮化物富勒烯的研究现状

内嵌金属氮化物簇富勒烯的发现极大地扩展了内嵌富勒烯家族。内嵌金属氮化物富勒烯是一类将含有金属原子的氮化物(Mx-N,AxM3-x-N)包裹在富勒烯碳笼中的化合物,因其具有独特的分子结构和性质而受到人们广泛的研究和关注。阐述了合成金属氮化物富勒烯的方法,着重介绍了电弧法,探讨了氮源对电弧法合成金属氮化物富勒烯产量的影响,介绍了金属氮化物富勒烯常用的分离提纯方法,最后讨论了金属氮化物富勒烯的结构特点、性质和潜在应用。