先进制造技术概述

本文主要阐述了先进制造技术的基本内涵和特点,对先进制造技术的主要研究内容进行了简单说明,并对CAD/CA M 集成技术、数控技术、柔性制造技术和快速原型技术进行了详细的分析。     

从现代科技革命看先进制造技术

通过介绍科技革命的主要内容、特点和发展趋势,讨论其对传统制造业的影响,介绍先进制造技术的特点及发展方向,并进一步指出我国发展先进制造技术的策略。     

制造业信息化与先进制造技术的发展

介绍加快发展制造业信息化和先进制造技术的重要性和必要性，制造业信息化和先进制造技术的国内外现状及前景，以及实施制造业信息化工程中需注意的一些问题。     

Strategic management of advanced manufacturing technology

The aim of this paper is threefold. First, it discusses a role of advanced manufacturing technology (AMT) within a strategic management context of a manufacturing organisation. Resource-based view is presented as a useful theoretical school for understanding strategic management of AMT. Second, a brief case from a manufacturing organisation is provided to illustrate the debate. In the reported case study, the relevant mechanisms for understanding capability accumulation process and the role of AMT within this process are depicted. Third, a framework of resources and capabilities is proposed in order to increase applicability of presented theoretical ideas.     

谈我国先进制造技术的现状与未来

在介绍我国先进制造技术的发展时,有必要对先进制造技术发展所依赖的国际经济与科技发展趋势及与它密不可分的制造业的发展趋势作一概括的论述。     

制造业企业信息技术能力评价研究

根据信息化工程可持续的要求,提出了制造业信息技术能力评价模型,确定了以技术、组织管理、学习创新为核心的三级评价指标体系,以及初始级、系统级、整合级、战略级、持续改进级五层次信息技术能力成熟度标准.通过层次分析和模糊综合评判法计算指标值和权重.最后,以某典型锅炉企业信息化工程为例进行评价,并对结果进行探讨,以期为其他企业信息化的成功实施和持续发展提供借鉴.     

Flexibility in manufacturing: A survey

This article is an attempt to survey the vast literature on flexibility in manufacturing that has accumulated over the last 10 to 20 years. The survey begins with a brief review of the classical literature on flexibility in economics and organization theory, which provides a background for manufacturing flexibility. Several kinds of flexibilities in manufacturing are then defined carefully along with their purposes, the means to obtain them, and some suggested measurements and valuations. Then we examine the interrelationships among the several flexibilities. Various empirical studies and analytical/optimization models dealing with these flexibilities are reported and discussed. The article concludes with suggestions for some possible future research directions.     

机器人在先进制造业应用与研究

柔性制造、计算机集成、精益生产、虚拟制造等是先进制造业的发展趋势,机器人技术在先进制造系统中的地位和作用十分重要,但是目前在机器人向先进制造系统集成方面有一些问题需要突破.     

先进制造技术在企业中的应用及发展模式

论述了先进制造技术的类型及其与计算机集成制造的关系,先进制造技术在企业中的应用情况,阐述了先进制造技术在企业中从简单、独立型、自动化岛屿型到完全集成的发展模式。     

现代物流信息技术在制造业领域的应用及发展

物流信息是物流活动的内容、形式、过程及发展变化的反映,将现代科学技术应用于物流信息管理形成了现代物流信息技术。本文结合物流信息的特点和现代科学技术的研究成果,分析了我国现代物流信息技术在制造业领域的应用及发展。     

Tackling uncertainty in ERP-controlled manufacturing environment: A knowledge management approach

This paper proposes a knowledge management approach to tackle uncertainty in ERP-controlled manufacturing environment. The development of a knowledge-based ERP planning model and a knowledge-based ERP-controlled manufacturing simulation model within which knowledge of tackling underlying causes of uncertainty can be stored for future reference are discussed. A combination of explicit and tacit knowledge are created and applied to update the planned parameters and to decide for the appropriate buffering or dampening techniques to tackle the underlying causes of uncertainty. Results from interviews and simulation experiments of a real case company showed significant reduction in tardy delivery after the use of the knowledge management approach. Some underlying causes of uncertainty are found to be more likely to result in tardy delivery than the others, and some are found to be more receptive to the effects of the knowledge management approach, but it is shown that interactions are generally difficult to manage due to their unstable effects.     

Economics and success factors of flexible manufacturing systems: The conventional explanation revisited

This article analyzes costs and relative benefits of several hundred flexible manufacturing systems (FMSs) in the world. The analyses are based on the computerized data bases, which make it easy to correlate different cost and benefit indicators with each other and to look for regular patterns and tendencies in the applications. Both investment cost distributions and the system complexity distributions are analyzed. The relative benefits and advantages and their relationships are shown. Finally, technical and economic explanations for successful implementation strategies are given.The results show that there are two classes of economically successful systems. The small-scale and technically compact systems are usually used in small-batch production for the replacement of semimanual production. The main benefits are increased capacity and productivity as well as quality improvements. The large-scale and technically complex systems are used in large-volume production for the replacement of fixed automation and transfer lines. The benefits are mainly due to the increased potential for flexibility and capital savings.     

问题引导法及其在机械制造技术课程教学中的应用

为了进一步提高教学效果,在概括机械制造技术课程各类教学方法改革的基础上,提出在该课程的教学过程中采用问题引导教学法.介绍了问题引导法的基本内涵和应用现状,结合具体教学内容阐述了问题引导法的实施步骤,以及实施过程中的注意事项.实施问题引导教学法可以很好地吸引学生的注意力,提高学生的听课兴趣.     

Virtual manufacturing cells: A taxonomy of past research and identification of future research issues

This paper reviews prior research in the area of virtual manufacturing cells. A virtual manufacturing cell (VMC) is a group of resources that is dedicated to the manufacturing of a part family, though this grouping is not reflected in the physical structure of the manufacturing system. Distinguishing such groups in the production control system offers the possibility of achieving the advantages of cellular manufacturing in non-cellular manufacturing systems. The advantages may include improved flow performance, higher efficiency, simplified production control, and better quality. The paper reviews the previous publications on virtual manufacturing cells, to determine the methods and scope of present research. This results in a comprehensive framework which identifies the underlying principles of VMCs and classifies the different VMC concepts. It is shown that virtual manufacturing cells can significantly improve the performance of manufacturing systems. Based on the comprehensive review, many future research issues and high-impact research areas are also identified.     

现代集成制造系统的理论基础—一类复杂性问题及其求解

从系统科学的角度提出现代集成制造系统的基本框架,即求解一类复杂大系统的问题。只有将管理理念、方法论、实现技术和优化理论这四个互相联系的层面结合好,才能成功地构造并运行现代集成制造系统。     

数字化制造企业中知识管理集成框架及关键技术研究

针对数字化制造企业中基于知识的设计和制造问题,提出了一个知识管理集成框架模型,并就制造企业中构建知识管理系统中的知识获取、知识建模和表示、知识推理、知识重用以及基于知识的推/拉辅助设计等技术进行了研究。最后,通过基于知识的典型飞机零件设计的具体实例,进一步说明了飞机制造企业中的知识管理集成框架的应用。     

Loading problems with tool management in flexible manufacturing systems: A few integer programming models

In automated production systems like flexible manufacturing systems (FMSs), an important issue is to find an adequate workload for each machine for each time period. Many integer linear programming (ILP) models have been proposed to solve the FMS loading problems, but not all of them take tools into account. Those that do not consider tooling are quite unrealistic, especially when setup times are important with respect to processing times. When tool loading has to be handled by the model, the load assignment may have to be changed completely.In this article we consider FMSs with a tool management of the following type: the system works in time periods whose durations are fixed or not; and tools are loaded on the machines at the beginning of each time period and stay there for the whole time period. Tool changes may occur only at the end of each time period when the system is stopped.We present some integer programming models for handling these situations with several types of objectives. Emphasis is laid on the ILP formulations. Computational complexities are discussed.     

A web-based advisory system for process and material selection in concurrent product design for a manufacturing environment

This paper reports the work of selecting suitable manufacturing processes and materials in concurrent design for manufacturing environment. In the paper, a fuzzy knowledge-based decision support method is proposed for multi-criteria decision-making in evaluating and selecting possible manufacturing process/material combinations in terms of the total production cost. Based on the proposed method, a prototype Web-based knowledge-intensive manufacturing consulting service system (WebMCSS) with the client-knowledge server architecture is developed to help designers/users find good processes and materials while still at the conceptual level of design. The system, as one of the important parts of an advanced design for manufacturing tool, is a concept level process and material selection tool that can be used as both a standalone application and a Java applet freely available via the Web. Interlinked with Web pages of tutorials, and reference pages explaining the facets, fabrication processes and material choices, the system performs reasoning and calculations using the process capability and material property data from the remote Web-based database and knowledge base that can be maintained and updated via the Internet. The use of the system is illustrated with an example.     

Industrial Internet-enabled Resilient Manufacturing Strategy in the Wake of COVID-19 Pandemic:A Conceptual Framework and Implementations in China

COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the re-shaping of globalized manufacturing industry.Achieving a high level of resilience is thereby a recognized,essential ability of future manufacturing systems with the advances in smart manufacturing and Industry 4.0.In this work,a conceptual framework for resilient manufacturing strategy enabled by Industrial Internet is proposed.It is elaborated as a four-phase,closed-loop process that centered on proactive industry assessment.Key enabling technologies for the proposed framework are outlined in data acquisition and management,big data analysis,intelligent services,and others.Industrial Internet-enabled implementations in China in response to COVID-19 have then been reviewed and discussed from 3Rs'perspective,i.e.manufacturer capacity Recovery,supply chain Resilience and emergency Response.It is suggested that an industry-specific and comprehen-sive selection coordinated with the guiding policy and supporting regulations should be performed at the national,at least regional level.     

A method for assessing geometrical errors in layered manufacturing. Part 2: Mathematical modelling and numerical evaluation

Layered manufacturing based rapid prototyping processes are subjected to not only a staircase effect owing to the approximating process used, but also an accumulated error transfer between layers. Certain types of error such as surface tilting and layer thickness variations that occur in one layer can transfer to other layers above it. This paper describes a mathematical model based on the physical and geometrical models discussed in Part 1 of the paper. The model uses the matrix transformation method to analyse the effect of transformation of local errors to the multiple layer global errors. A data preparation error transformation matrix is used to describe the error interactions between layers during the data preparation stage. A disturbance error transformation matrix is used to describe the error interaction within each layer and error propagation between layers during the part building process. This model describes geometrical error analysis involving profiling error, layer inclination and layer thickness variations. Numerical evaluation of the model is carried out for a typical benchmark component.