Manufacturing and technology strategy: a survey of planning for AMT

Planning for investments in advanced manufacturing technology (AMT) is one of the most difficult areas for manufacturing managers. A balancing of the need to create competitive advantage and the ability to fund the investment is required. This paper explores the challenges associated with planning new AMT investments and reports the experiences of 61 manufacturing firms. The paper describes the planning process adopted by the manufacturers regarding their investments in AMT. The differences existing between companies, industries and technologies are established. Finally the paper compares actual practice with a conceptual model of AMT decision-making, identifying key implications for practice.     

国际先进制造技术的研究动态

概述了先进制造技术（AMT）的主要研究内容，分析了当前先进制造技术的发展状况和各国对先进制造技术的研究进展，提出先进制造技术的重点研究领域，并针对我国国情预测了未来需要优先发展的关键领域及对策。     

The use and impact of technology in factory environments: evidence from a survey of manufacturing industry in Spain

The aim of this paper is to examine information related to the implementation of shop floor technologies and information technologies. This will be complemented with data relating to different levels of usage of the technologies. In addition, we test whether implementation alone is able to improve company performance or whether a high level of usage is also important. The empirical evidence comes from a sample of 151 Spanish manufacturing companies surveyed according to the European Manufacturing Survey's methods in 2006. Our results show that the most widely adopted technology is computer-aided design (CAD), followed by enterprise resource planning (ERP) and industrial robots. When the focus is on the level of use, the most highly used technologies turn out to be very similar—CAD–computer-aided manufacturing, ERP, and industrial robots—. Multiple regression analysis shows a positive correlation between the variable “level of usage” and performance. The relationship between adoption and results is less strong. These results have some implications and the paper ends with an explanation of how these findings should be used by firms in the development of future policies or strategic plans.     

谈我国先进制造技术的现状与未来

在介绍我国先进制造技术的发展时,有必要对先进制造技术发展所依赖的国际经济与科技发展趋势及与它密不可分的制造业的发展趋势作一概括的论述。     

先进制造技术的实施和转化研究

通过对先进制造技术(AMT)特点及其实施转化困难的分析,指出了AMT实施和转化的现状和重要性,在此基础上提出中国有必要将AMT的实施和转化问题作为AMT领域重要研究方向之一,并就AMT实施和转化研究涉及到的研究内容和研究方法进行了探讨。     

中国制造科学技术与制造产业发展问题的思考

讨论制造对于国家和国民经济的价值，提出制造科学技术与制造业发展的方向。通过近30年来世界各国经济发展的起落，质疑制造业的“夕阳工业”论断,提出依靠什么产业强国的问题。以美国、日本、韩国、东南亚诸国的经济发展历程为依据，批判以第三产业作为经济发展水平判据的观点。认定一个国家如果把经济的基础放在第三产业上，而无独立自主的制造产业，这个国家的经济就容易形成泡沫经济，世界经济大环境一有波动就可能产生经济危机。制造产业的重要价值在于它是实现现代化工业的水之源、木之本，是实现工业化的保障和原动力，是国家实力的脊梁，是支持国家大厦的基石，没有强大制造能力的国家永远不可能成为经济强国。 辨析科学与技术的相互关系，认为科学是技术的基础，科学是潜在的生产力，技术是直接的生产力，科学只有通过技术(特别是制造技术)才能成为现实的生产力。应用研究对于中国显得更为迫切需要，应用研究上不去，工业生产技术也上不去，将永远受制于人，经济发展和国家安全都没有保障。 21世纪中心科学技术(Central Science & Technology)转移的趋势是从信息科学技术到生物科学技术(包括生命科学技术)再到认知科学技术(智能科学技术)。NBICM汇聚技术将是一场引发科技与经济发展新突破的产业革命。     

先进制造技术环境下生产人员及技术人员工作的变化

在分析先进制造技术（ＡＭＴ）特点的基础上，研究了在ＡＭＴ环境下企业各类生产人员及技术人员的工作和角色发生的变化。这些生产人员及技术人员包括：操作工、维修工和技术工人、技术人员和计算机专家、工程师和管理人员。     

Evaluating Advanced Manufacturing Technology in Chinese State-Owned Enterprises: A Survey and Case Studies

This paper investigates the current and future uses and payoffs of advanced manufacturing technology (AMT) in Chinese state-owned enterprises (SOEs), based on a small-scale survey and two case studies. The main conclusion is that Chinese SOEs are very keen to implement AMT and replace their outdated equipment. However, owing to the lack of financial resources and experience, the percentage of AMT in SOEs is still very low. Those AMT methods adopted range mainly between stand-alone systems and islands of automation. AMTs are adopted in the areas of planning and controlling, information management, design and engineering, fabrication, and assembly. Implications for practice and/or future research are discussed.This revised version with a corrected online cover date was published online in April 2004.     

先进制造技术与数字化制造

提出了先进制造技术的定义，论述了先进制造技术的现状与发展、我国在先进制造技术领域的发展状况及应用。并指出数字化制造是先进制造技术的核心技术，对数字化制的几个关键技术进行了具体阐述。     

[制造服务]信息共享和信息技术应用对客户服务的影响研究——考虑交互作用影响

构建了企业信息共享和信息技术（IT）应用及其交互作用、配送服务和售后支持服务与企业财务绩效之间关系的概念模型，基于中国制造企业的调查数据，使用结构方程模型方法验证了假设模型。研究发现高水平的信息共享可以显著促进售中配送和售后支持服务；高水平的IT应用只能促进售中配送服务，对售后支持服务的影响不显著；信息共享和IT应用的交互作用能显著促进售中配送服务。在实践中制造企业应重视信息共享和IT应用的交互作用，并合理配置资源以促进信息共享和IT应用的交互作用，从而提高客户服务水平和企业财务绩效。     

计算机辅助技术在现代制造技术中的地位和应用研究

分析了计算机辅助技术在现代制造技术中的重要地位,指出了计算机辅助技术是现代制造技术的核心支撑技术.研究了计算机辅助技术在快速原型制造、虚拟制造、智能制造、柔性制造和逆向工程中的应用,指出了现代制造技术的研究重点是计算机辅助技术,其关键技术包括产品数据管理技术、多媒体技术、人工智能技术、模拟仿真技术、决策支持系统等,攻破这些关键技术可进一步提高我国现代制造技术的水平.     

WTO条件下我国机械制造业面临的机遇、挑战及对策

阐述我国制造业发展现状,入世给我国制造业带来的机遇与挑战.提出我国制造企业要占领世界市场,必须提高自主开发和技术创新能力,重视先进制造技术的发展,加强政府引导,加强与国际大型企业及国际相关组织的交流合作,强化人才培养机制.     

Lean is not enough [lean manufacturing]

Lean manufacturing has been 're-discovered' by many UK manufacturing companies over the past two years. Announcements of its 'death' in the late 1990s as companies' focus moved into topical areas such as enterprise resource replacement (ERP), e-business, supply-chain management and product data management were undoubtedly premature. In a study completed by Codexx earlier this year into 25 medium-sized manufacturing companies based in the UK, 10 of them had an active lean manufacturing programme. A survey of 100 UK manufacturing executives in 2002 for The Manufacturer magazine showed that 45% were seeking to implement lean manufacturing within 12-24 months. Adopt a lean manufacturing strategy but make sure innovation plays a key part.     

立足于企业现状的智能制造及发展

介绍了以德国工业4.0与中国制造2025为代表的各国工业发展战略计划,分析了大部分制造企业存在的亚健康症状,论述了数字化是智能制造的基础这一论点。提出实施智能制造,一方面必须针对企业现状,另一方面要面向未来的发展趋势。对制造执行系统进行了分析,并对比了制造执行系统中的生产计划与企业资源计划系统中的生产计划,给出了智能制造发展三阶段、生产管理和控制三层次、企业金字塔计划和控制模式。在企业实施智能制造、提高经济效益的过程中,制造执行系统是最佳切入点。     

广义制造论

论述了制造技术的含义,提出了广义制造论的观点,从材料加工成形机理、制造技术的综合性和集成制造技术及其支撑环境等方面论述其概念和形成。指出工艺是制造技术的关键、是生产中最活跃的因素,而且己形成了制造科学。并从工艺理论、精密工程和纳米技术、计算机集成制造系统和并行工程、特种加工技术、快速成形制造和表面工程等方面阐述了20世纪制造理论和技术的发展,在此基础上就制造技术本身提出了一些今后发展的看法。     

PDM and ERP integration methodology using digital manufacturing to support global manufacturing

Global manufacturing companies must implement manufacturing engineering with proper consideration given to the manufacturing process and resources that are appropriate for the particularities of each manufacturing site. Particularly for effective enterprise resource planning (ERP) system implementation under a global manufacturing environment, the product data management (PDM) integration for product data is one of the important keys to success. For such product data integration, engineering bill of materials (EBOM) needs to be transformed to manufacturing bill of materials (MBOM), but the MBOM transformation must be done in such a way as to fit the particularities of each manufacturing site. In this process, a methodology appropriate for integration and transformation is required. This paper proposes digital manufacturing as the key tool of data integration between PDM and ERP. Digital manufacturing, as a technology possessing the physical and logical computer modeling and simulation technique for actual manufacturing, provides the methodology for transforming EBOM to MBOM that fits the particularities of each manufacturing site, based on the process and resource models which reflect the particularities of each manufacturing site. It also provides the methodology for MBOM verification and the process and resource model integration. Using such method, the MBOM and the process and resource data, verified and appropriate for each manufacturing site, can be sent to the ERP system.     

一种面向微小型企业的B2C模式云制造平台:iMachCloud

首先从IT支持下制造系统变革的角度引入了"云制造"的概念,通过"云制造"与"云计算"体系结构的类比,指出制造装备的"云端可用性"是云制造实现的基础,然后对用作B2C模式"云制造"环境中底层装备的"网络智能机床"(iMach)做了概念设计,并提出了一种面向微小型企业的B2C模式云制造平台架构——iMachCloud。     

What great companies do well

This paper reports on the characteristics of successful firms observed in the US, UK and Singapore. It was clear that there were key attributes in common between successful firms in each country. These commonalities stems from both the similar conditions/threats in each developed economy as well as from the fundamentals of sound business practice in any given market. It was striking how frequently the shared success traits were seen, given the differences in size, country, import/export focus, geographic location and industrial sector of the companies. Singapore, Boston and the UK all face similar challenges of manufacturing in a high wage first world economy. All three countries are successful economies, all are experiencing a decline in the numbers of people employed in manufacturing and a relative decrease in manufacturing as a proportion of GDP. The lessons learnt from studying companies in each economy are striking yet simple.     

中小型机械制造企业实施ERP之关键

根据中小机械制造企业的行业特点和管理特点,结合某中小型机电设备制造企业实施ERP项目的实际情况,探讨ERP在中小型机械制造企业实施ERP项目的关键环节。介绍了ERP的管理思想和特点、中小机械制造企业的特点及其实施ERP的关键环节。     

雷达先进制造技术现状与发展

雷达装备制造是武器装备制造的重要组成部分,其制造技术融合了机械制造、微波与电子器件制造、特种制造等多领域的相关技术.文中阐述了雷达先进制造技术的体系和现状,展望了应用于新一代雷达的数字化制造、微电子制造、组装互联及热管理技术、先进复合材料技术、绿色制造和智能制造技术等先进制造技术的发展方向.