基于恒压液压系统的ZL50装载机节能技术

为解决ZL50装载机油耗高的问题,构建了新的液压系统.首先阐明了恒压液压系统的节能原理,引出一种新型二次调节元件--液压变压器.随后建立液压变压器排量及压力的数学模型,并在液压变压器配流盘控制角-90°～90°内仿真,分析其排量与压力特性.在此基础上构建装载机新的液压系统,分析其工作过程并与原液压系统比较,得出其节能原...     

基于液压恒压网络系统的液压变压器控制液压缸系统

利用液压变压器实现了无节流损失地将直线负载直接连接到液压恒压网络系统。通过控制液压变压器的控制角来控制液压变压器输出油液的流量和压力,从而控制液压缸的位置和速度,用以满足负载不同工况的要求。在对液压变压器的特性进行研究的基础上,推导了液压变压器的流量和压力公式,建立了液压变压器控制液压缸系统的数学模型。提出了液压变压器平衡角的概念,推导出其表达式。对系统进行了仿真实验研究。结果表明,液压变压器具有良好的伺服性能。     

Dynamic extending nonlinear H∞ control and its application to hydraulic turbine governor

There exists a large class of nonlinear systems with uncertainties, such as hydraulic turbine governors, whose robust control problem is hard to solve by means of the existing robust control approaches. For this class of systems, this work presents a dynamic extending H∞ controller via both differential geometry and H∞ theory. Furthermore, based on differential game theory, it has been verified that the proposed control strategy has robustness in the sense that the disturbance can be attenuated effectively because the L2-gain from the disturbance input to the regulation output signal could be reduced to any given level. Thirdly, a robust control strategy for hydraulic turbine governor is designed according to the proposed extending H∞ control method, and has been developed into a real control equipment. Finally the field experiments are carried out which show clearly that the developed control equipment can enhance transient stability of power systems more effectively than the conventional controller.     

RobustH ∞ controller design for a class of uncertain systems

TheH ^∞ control problem for a class of systems with time-varying and nonlinear uncertainties is considcred. A new sufficient condition based on LMI is provided to judge their robust stability andL ₂-gain finiteness. Solvability conditions are presented for both state feedback and output feedback cases, which are all reduced to solutions of LMIs. The design procedure is also discussed via LMI approach. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 59704004).     

Seismic stability and permanent displacement of landfill along liners

The three-part wedge limit equilibrium method for seismic stability analysis of the landfill along liners is presented. The approximate solutions of the factor of safety and the yield acceleration coefficient are obtained. Parametric studies show that the interface strength of liners, the shear strength of waste and the height of retaining wall can influence the seismic stability of landfill along liners. The density and the shear wave velocity of the field waste are obtained by the borehole investigation and the spectral analysis of surface wave (SASW), respectively. The strain-dependent shear modulus and damping ratio of the artifical waste are obtained by the moderate-scale dynamic triaxial tests. The one-dimensional (1D) equivalent linear dynamic response analysis is used to calculate the horizontal equivalent seismic coefficient-time history of the sliding landfill during earthquake. The seismic permanent displacement of the landfill along liners with different site conditons and heights is evaluated by the Newmark method. The catculated results show that ratio of k _y/k _max, site conditions, the amplitude and frequency content of the bedrock motion can affect the seismic permanent displacement of the landfill along liners in some degree. Finally, the seismic stability and permanent displacements of three expanded configurations of a certain landfill case are analyzed. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation (Grant No: 50538080) and National Distinguished Young Scientist Foundation of China (Grant No: 50425825)     

The effect of leading-edge sweep angle asymmetry on lateral aerodynamics

Based on the results of force measurement experiment in a low speed wind tunnel, the effect of asymmetrical leading-edge sweep angle on aerodynamic load was investigated with the commonswift’s wing model. The wing model was divided into three segments, i.e., arm wing, hand wingin and hand wingout, and the roll moment produced by the variation of asymmetrical change of wing segment’s leading-edge sweep angle was analyzed.     

静液传动高速履带车辆转向参数匹配与控制

为了解决静液传动履带车辆转向时外侧系统压力容易过高以及转向轨迹控制问题,基于双侧轮边液压驱动结构特点,提出了外侧马达采用压力、发动机转速双参数控制,内侧跟随外侧采用速度闭环控制的转向控制策略,对目标相对转向半径与方向盘转角、车速,马达排量与发动机转速、系统压力等参数进行了匹配。建立了整车转向仿真模型与实车实验系统。仿真与实验结果表明,控制策略能有效控制系统压力,参数匹配结果能满足转向控制要求,车辆按照目标相对转向半径实现了准确快速转向。     

液驱混合动力车辆制动能回收效果

提出一种应用液压变压器搭建液驱混合动力车辆的设计概念.在其工作原理的基础上建立相关数学模型,分析蓄能器的特性参数(有效容积、比能量和充放效率等)与液压变压器配流盘控制角之间的关系.在不同恒转矩制动工况下对直接能量回收和应用液压变压器间接蓄能器的能量回收进行仿真分析,得出不同变压比下的节能参数.     

Thermal-dynamical properties and pressure dependence of phonon spectrum of ordered Si<Subscript>50</Subscript>Ge<Subscript>50</Subscript> alloy based on <Emphasis Type="Italic">ab initio</Emphasis> methods

The phonon spectrum of ordered zincblende Si₅₀Ge₅₀ alloy is calculated by ab initio method. The energy band structure at zero pressure and the pressure dependence of phonon dispersion curves are shown up to 20 GPa. The calculation finds a pressure-induced softening of the transverse acoustic phonon mode and the mode frequency reaching zero at about 14 GPa, which indicate breaking of the symmetry and formation of a new phase under high pressure. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50771090), the State Key Program for Basic Research of China (Grant No. 2005CB724404) and the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Team (Grant No. IRT0650)     

基于水压直驱的软体单元的动静态特性

提出水压直驱纤维增强软体单元,采用伺服电机驱动水压缸实现软体运动控制,搭建试验台开展软体单元动静态特性研究. 针对软体单元输出力、径向膨胀、弯曲角度及刚度等性能开展静态试验. 结果表明,软体单元驱动压力为影响输出力和弯曲角度的主要因素;当输入压力增加时,软体最大径向膨胀速率为3%;当输入压力为0.3 MPa、末端位移为4 mm时,水压驱动输出力为4.3 N,与气压驱动相比,软体刚度增加0.025 N/mm. 建立水压直驱软体单元动力学模型,围绕软体单元弯曲角度、压力响应进行仿真分析及试验验证. 结果表明,水压直驱软体单元模型仿真与实测结果较吻合,弯曲角度稳定误差为1.70%,驱动水压稳定误差为0.33%. 研究成果表明采用水液压驱动软体机器人可提高其性能.     

基于二次调节技术的小型装载机全液压驱动系统

介绍了全液压驱动系统的工作原理,构建了小型装载机行走和工作的全液压驱动系统,其特色在于一种新的二次调节元件液压变压器以及液压蓄能器的应用。建立了液压变压器压力比的数学模型和液压蓄能器的教学模型,并通过仿真分析了液压蓄能器特性参数与液压变压器配流盘控制角之间的关系。分析得出了所提出的全液压系统相对传统行走驱动系统的优势。     

Phase field simulation of the interface morphology evolution and its stability during directional solidification of binary alloys

The influences of pulling speed V and temperature gradient G on morphology evolution, concentration distribution, solute trapping and interface stability during directional solidification of binary alloys have been studied with the B-S phase field model. Simulated results reproduced the morphology transitions of deep cell to shallow cell and shallow cell to plane front. The primary cellular spacing, depth of groove and effective solute redistribution coefficient for different V and G are compared. The absolute stability under high pulling speed and high temperature gradient has also been predicted, which is in agreement with the Mullins-Sekerka (M-S) stability theory. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50401013)     

Stable biomimetic film on Fe3Al surface for corrosion resistance in seawater

Stable superhydrophobic n-tetradecanoic acid (CH₃(CH₂)₁₄COOH) film was prepared by means of sol-gel and self-assembly techniques, with a very high seawater contact angle (158°) and a small sliding angle (<5°). There are many microconvexities with binary structure uniformly distributed on the surface atop the film with an average diameter of about 80 nm by observation of scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the film surface structure is similar to that of lotus surface. The corrosion resistance behavior of intermetallic Fe₃Al with the biomimetic superhydrophobic film surface is improved obviously when compared with pure Fe₃Al sample by measurement of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Supported by the Excellent Mid-youthful Scientist Encouraging Foundation of Shandong Province (Grant No. 2006BS04021) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 50672090 and 50702053)     

速度滑移下液压主轴轴心轨迹动态研究

基于载荷增量法和扰动压力法,研究液体液压主轴系统的动态性能。通过有限差分法求解计入微尺度速度滑移效应的不定常油膜压力分布的雷诺方程,并得出非线性油膜力。应用载荷增量法和扰动压力法求解反映油膜动态特性的4个动态刚度和阻尼系数,并用于转子轴心轨迹的动力学描述,求解存在偏心质量下的转子轴心轨迹,实现液压主轴系统的流-固耦合分析。研究结果表明：速度滑移对液压主轴的动态刚度和阻尼性能造成了一定的影响。动刚度系数K_xx、K_xy、K_yx和K_yy受滑移影响降低的最大比率分别为4.85%、4.85%、7.20%、7.16%,速度滑移降低了油膜阻尼系数C_yx、C_xy和C_yy,阻尼系数C_xx受滑移影响比较复杂;随着转子偏心质量距的不断增加,主轴轴心运行轨迹在不断扩大,系统的稳定性不断降低。最后,通过液压主轴回转精度实验验证了轴心轨迹模型的正确性和有效性。     

叉车负载势能回收的研究

为了回收叉车负载下降的势能,构建出其新的液压系统.首先阐述了新液压系统的理论基础并分析了其工作过程,与现行液压系统进行比较后得出,新系统因采用了二次调节元件-液压变压器而减少了节流损失.随后建立新系统中2个主要元件液压变压器与液压蓄能器的数学模型,并仿真得出蓄能器的参数有效容积AV、充放效率η与液压变压器配流盘控制角θ间的特性关系.接着对比了新液压系统与现行液压系统回收势能方式的不同,并在叉车空载、半载、满载的工况下仿真得出了蓄能器回收负载势能的多少,结果表明新系统进一步提高了负载势能的回收能力,回收效果随着压力比λ的增加更加明显.     

Observations of the field-aligned residual flow inside magnetic cloud structure

In this paper, we report two MC events observed by WIND spacecraft with good examples of field-aligned residual flow inside the MC structure. For both events, the co-moving frames are determined through the deHoffman-Teller (HT) analysis and the axial orientations are inferred by the newly developed minimal residue (MR) method. The nature coordinate system for both events are constructed with velocity of the HT frame and the inferred MC axis, the field and flow remaining in the HT frame are analyzed at this coordinate system. As a result, we find that the residual flows in the co-moving HT frame of the two MC events are almost anti-parallel to the helical magnetic field. We speculate that the field-aligned residual flows are large scale coherent hydrodynamic vortices co-moving with the MCs at the supersonic speed near 1 AU. Data analyses show that the event in slow ambient solar wind is expanding at 1 AU and another one in fast solar wind does not show apparent expansion. Proton behaviors for both events are quasi-isothermal. Accelerated HT analysis shows that both events have no suitable HT frame with constant accelerations, which suggests that both events may be moving at the constant speed near 1 AU under the assumptions of the HT analysis. For both events, the ratio of the dynamic pressure to the magnetic pressure is larger than that of the thermal pressure to magnetic pressure, which suggests that the dynamic effects due to the plasma flows remaining in the co-moving HT frame are more important than the thermal effects in the study of MC evolution and propagation. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40621003, 40804046, 40536029, 40674084 and 40523006), the National Basic Research Program of China (“973” Project) (Grant No. 4902006CB806304), the Specialized Research Fund for State Key Laboratories, and the Open Research Program of the State Key Laboratory of Space Weather, Chinese Academy of Sciences     

Experimental study of effects of oxygen concentration on combustion and emissions of diesel engine

Effects of oxygen concentration on combustion and emissions of diesel engine are investigated by experiment. The intake oxygen concentration is controlled by adjusting CO₂. The results show that very low levels of both soot and NO _x emissions can be achieved by modulating the injection pressure, timing, and boost pressure at the low levels of oxygen concentration. However, both CO and HC emissions and fuel consumption distinctly increase at the low levels of oxygen concentration. The results also indicate that NO _x emissions strongly depend on oxygen concentration, while soot emissions strongly depend on injection pressure. Decreasing oxygen concentration is the most effective method to control NO _x emissions. High injection pressure is necessary to reduce smoke emissions. High injection pressure can also decrease the CO and HC emissions and improve engine efficiency. With the increase of intake pressure, both NO _x and smoke emissions decrease. However, it is necessary to use the appropriate intake pressure in order to get the low HC and CO emissions with high efficiency. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 50636040, 50676066)     

A single-phase of supercritical CO<Subscript>2</Subscript>/ Polystyrene solution in foam extrusion

The high quality single-phase solution of CO2/ Polystyrene was achieved,by analyzing the influential factors for polymer microcellular foaming extrusion.The curve of pressure distribution along the barrel was determined.The axial position of gas-injecting port on the barrel was chosen form the results of stable foaming,and the number of gas-injecting ports in the circumference of the barrel was determined from the CO2 solubility in polymer.The effect of the screw rotation speed on CO2 solubility was studied,and the effects of pressure difference between the gas and the polymer melt on gas-injecting process and on the foaming stability were investigated.The influence of the gas temperature before injection on the single-phase of CO2/Polystyrene solution also was studied.     

Understanding of the influence of process parameters on the heat transfer behavior at the metal/die interface in high pressure die casting process

The current paper focuses on the influence of the process parameters on the peak values of the inter-facial heat transfer coefficient (IHTC) at metal/die interface during high pressure die casting (HPDC) process. A "step shape" casting and AM50 alloy were used during the experiment. The IHTC was de-termined by solving the inverse thermal problem based on the measured temperature inside the die. Results show that the initial die surface temperature (IDST, TDI) has a dominant influence while the casting pressure and fast shot velocity have a secondary influence on the IHTC peak values. By curve fitting, it was found that the IHTC peak value (hmax) changes as a function of the IDST in a manner of hmax =eαTγDI. Such relationship between the IHTC peak value and the IDST can also be found when the casting alloy is ADC12, indicating that this phenomenon is a common characteristic in the HPDC process.     

调速阀式旁路节流调速系统动态特性理论及试验研究

针对负载变化时旁路节流调速回路存在的液压缸输出前冲和液压缸进油腔压力冲击的问题,采用理论分析与试验研究相结合的方法,研究了调速阀式旁路节流调速系统参数变化对系统动态特性的影响.建立了旁路串接调速阀的节流调速系统动态特性的理论模型,并进行了相应的试验研究,试验数据分析结果与理论分析相吻合,为此类型回路系统设计提供了参考依据.