动态固化PP/MAH-g-PP/EP共混物的等温结晶动力学

分别用Avrami方程和Hoffman结晶理论研究了马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(MAH-g-PP)增容的动态固化聚丙烯(PP)/环氧树脂(EP)共混物中PP等温结晶动力学。实验结果表明,动态固化PP/MAH-g-PP/EP共混物中环氧颗粒可作为PP的成核剂,能显著促进PP的结晶。根据Avrami方程,动态固化PP/MAH-g-PP/EP共混物中PP的结晶速率常数K(T)明显大于纯PP的K(T)。依据Hoffman理论研究动态固化PP/MAH-g-PP/EP共混物结晶热动力学,动态固化PP/MAH-g-PP/EP共混物折叠链表面自由能(σe)明显小于PP折叠链表面自由能(σe)。     

Effect of different polypropylenes and compatibilizers on the rheological,mechanical and morphological properties of nylon 6/PP blends

In this work, the rheological, mechanical and morphological properties of nylon 6/polypropylene compatibilized blends were investigated. Two types of polypropylene were used. One with MFI of 40 g/10 min (PP H103) and the other with MFI of 3.5 g/10 min (PP H503). The compatibilizers used were polypropylene grafted with 6% of acrylic acid (PPgAA) and polypropylene grafted with 1% of maleic anhydride (PPgMA). The blends composition was 80/20 (wt%) for the PA6/PP binary blends and 80/10/10(wt%) for the nylon 6/PPgAA/polypropylene and nylon 6/PPgMA/polypropylene ternary blends. Torque rheometry analysis showed that when PPgAA and PPgMA were added to nylon 6/polypropylene blends, there was an increase in the torque, indicating that reactive compatibilization has occurred. There is no influence of the polypropylene MFI on the mechanical properties of the uncompatibilized and compatibilized blends. The impact strength of the blends containing PPgMA were greater than those of the blends containing PPgAA. The blends containing PPgAA are unstable. SEM analysis showed that PPgMA improves considerably the adhesion between PA6/PP phases, leading to good mechanical properties.     

PP/POE/滑石粉三元复合材料的研究

研究了弹性体(POE)、滑石粉、偶联剂和填料处理方式对聚丙烯(PP)的力学性能、加工性能、结晶行为以及无机粒子在基体中分散形态的影响。结果表明,PP 2(K 7726)/POE(80/20)二元共混体系的综合性能较好;采用方式C(将两种偶联剂按1∶1的质量比,先加钛酸酯后加硅烷处理滑石粉)制得的PP 2/POE/T a lc(80/20/25)三元复合材料的力学性能比其它两种方式有显著提高。偏光显微镜(PLM)研究表明,方式C处理的滑石粉在体系中分散性最好;扫描电镜(SEM)显示,三元复合体系由PP 2/POE耗能少的空洞化断裂方式向耗能多的剪切屈服方式转变;DSC表明,采用方式C处理的滑石粉对聚丙烯的成核作用减弱。     

PP/LLDPE共混体系的相容性及结晶行为

运用差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究了聚丙烯(PP)／线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)共混物的相容性和结晶行为。实验结果表明,PP／LLDPE共混物为典型的具有机械相容性的共混体系;PP／LLDPE共混体系中,PP相结晶度的变化与LLDPE相的结晶度的变化相比较小;不论PP还是LLDPE,均随另一组分含量的增加,熔化开始温度都显著推迟,而熔化结束温度几乎不变．     

Characterization of double network epoxies with tunable compositions

This article reports the processing and characterization of epoxy resins with near constant molar cross-link density prepared from sequentially reacted amine cross-linking agents. Stoichiometric blends of curing agents with compositions ranging from all polyetheramine to all diaminodiphenylsulfone (DDS) are reacted with an epoxy monomer in a staged curing procedure. The low reactivity of the aromatic amine permits the selective reaction of the aliphatic amine in the first stage. The residual aromatic amine and epoxide functionality are reacted in a second stage at higher temperature. Above approximately 50% DDS content the first stage produces sol glasses which have not reached the gel point. The glass transition temperatures of the partially cured networks decrease monotonically with increasing DDS content. The partially cured networks can be characterized thermally and mechanically above their respective glass transitions without significantly advancing the reaction of the residual DDS and epoxide functionality. The networks formed after the second stage of the cure exhibit thermal and mechanical properties intermediate between those of the two individual amine cured networks, according to composition. The blends do not show any evidence of phase separation across the entire composition range in either the partially cured or fully cured state.     

超声辐照作用下PP/POE共混体系结构与性能的研究

研究了超声辐照对PP/POE共混体系的挤出加工流变行为、力学性能及结晶行为的影响。结果表明:在超声辐照作用下PP/POE共混体系的熔体表观黏度随超声功率的增加而减小,超声辐照能降低口模压力,提高挤出物产量。适宜功率的超声辐照有助于POE粒子的破碎和在PP基体中的均匀分散,改善二者相容性,提高了共混体系的冲击性能。     

Factorial study of material and process parameters on the mechanical properties of extruded kenaf fibre/polypropylene composite sheets

Thin kenaf/polypropylene (PP) composite sheets were manufactured via extrusion. The effects of kenaf and maleated PP (MAPP) proportions, fibre length, PP melt flow index (MFI) and die temperature on tensile, flexural, in-plane and out-of-plane shear properties were analysed by conducting experiments through ‘design of experiments’ methodology. Higher kenaf content and lower die/barrel temperatures resulted in composite sheets with higher average mechanical properties in various modes of testing. Matrix MFI appeared to significantly affect all mechanical properties. It is interesting to note that the properties of the very short-fibre composites produced are comparable to those reinforced with longer discontinuous fibres and long-fibre mats.     

DSC法快速评定阻燃剂对聚丙烯结晶及力学性能的影响

利用DSC法对几种典型的阻燃聚丙烯体系进行了研究,得到了一种快速评定阻燃剂对PP结晶性能影响的方法。结果表明,PP的结晶行为及各阻燃剂对PP结晶行为的影响,可在这些体系非等温结晶的DSC放热峰的峰形、峰位及峰的面积上得到很好体现。另外,也研究了这些体系由于阻燃剂的加入而引起的力学性能的变化。     

动态硫化EPDM／PP热塑性弹性体动态力学性能的研究

应用动态热力学分析仪测定了动态硫化EPDM／PP共混物的动态力不宪为,Tg峰的变化,表明P的非晶部分与EPDM具有部分互溶性,同时讨论了共混物动态模量的特点,研究了不同橡塑比,硫化剂和软化剂用量对动态硫化EPDM／PP共混物动态力学性能的影响。     

马来酸酐混合单体改性PP/PS共混物的结晶与动态力学性能

用熔融法制备了马来酸酐（MAH）及其与苯乙烯（St）混合单体改性PP／PS共混物,以及MAH、St改性聚丙烯（原住形成PP／PS共混物）。用DSC、DMA和FT—IR研究了改性共混物的结晶与熔融行为、动态力学性能和接枝产物。结果表明,MAH加入对PP／PS共混物中PP的结晶温度影响不大,但其与St混合单体对共混物中PP的结晶温度影响明显,原位生成PP／PS的结晶温度也有较大提高。改性对共混物中PP的熔融温度影响不大,但熔融峰形变化明显。改性PP／PS共混物具有高的E′和E″强度。     

复合硫化剂对氟橡胶/硅橡胶共混物结构和性能的影响

分别采用过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)/三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯(TAIC)、双酚AF/苄基三苯基氯化磷(BPP)/DCP、3#硫化剂/DCP三种复合硫化剂硫化氟橡胶/硅橡胶共混物。研究了不同复合硫化剂对氟橡胶/硅橡胶共混物的硫化特性、力学性能、耐热老化性能、耐油性能和低温性能的影响,采用动态热机械分析(DMA)、热重分析(TG)和扫描电镜(SEM)方法对氟橡胶/硅橡胶共混物进行表征。结果表明,采用DCP/TAIC硫化的氟橡胶/硅橡胶共混物具有良好的综合物理力学性能。DMA分析表明,DCP/TAIC硫化的共混物中氟橡胶相和硅橡胶相的Tg最高,TG分析表明,DCP/TAIC硫化的共混物具有良好的热稳定性。SEM照片表明,DCP/TAIC硫化的共混物界面结合作用较强。     

UPR增强废旧PP研究

本文在研究废旧PP的加工热稳定行为的基础上,将UPR预固化处理后与废旧PP熔体共混,制备PP／UPR共混材料。研究结果表明,UPR在基体中以颗粒分散的形式存在,其加入可以大幅度提高体系的力学性能;此外,共混体系的力学性能改善应部分归于UPR诱导PP结晶。     

增容作用和动态固化对聚丙烯/环氧树脂共混物形态结构的影响

研究了增容作用和动态固化对聚丙烯(PP)/环氧树脂(EP)共混物形态结构的影响。实验结果表明,PP/EP共混物是不相容共混体系,当环氧树脂含量小于50%时,共混物中环氧树脂以分散相存在,PP为连续相。反之,则共混物的相态发生相反转,即环氧树脂为连续相,PP为分散相。加入马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(M AH-g-PP)促进环氧树脂与PP的相容性,使得分散相的颗粒明显变小。与PP/EP和PP/M AH-g-PP/EP共混物不同,当环氧树脂含量大于50%时,动态固化PP/EP和PP/M AH-g-PP/EP共混物仍是环氧树脂分散相和PP连续相结构,未出现相反转。对于相同含量环氧树脂的共混物,动态固化PP/M AH-g-PP/EP共混物中环氧树脂分散相尺寸明显小于动态固化PP/EP共混物中环氧树脂分散相尺寸。     

Influence of post-curing and coupling agents on polyurethane based copper filled electrically conductive adhesives

Effects of post curing and silane coupling agents with different functional groups such as epoxy, isocyanate and ureide on the electrical and mechanical properties of copper (Cu) filled electrically conductive adhesives (ECAs) were studied. Micron-sized Cu particles were used as conductive fillers and polyurethane resin was applied as the adhesive material. Significant differences could be observed on the as cured electrical resistivity and shear strength of the Cu filled ECAs joints prepared with different silane coupling agents. Silane coupling agents functionalized with epoxy groups yielded the lowest electrical resistivity and highest shear strength among the ECAs in this study. Besides, effect of post-curing at 170 °C for 1 h on the ECAs was also investigated. Results showed that ECAs after post-curing exhibited enhanced electrical conductivity and shear strength compared to the as cured ECAs.     

相容性对PA66/POE共混材料形态、微结构及力学性能的影响

采用SEM、TEM、DSC及材料力学性能实验方法研究了马来酸酐 ( MAH ) 接枝乙烯-辛烯共聚物弹性体 ( POE ) 对PA66/POE共混材料形态、微结构及力学性能的影响。结果表明:热引发官能化POE产物 ( POE-g-MAH ) 可显著改善PA66/POE共混材料的相容性,使材料分散相尺寸减小,分布均匀,且材料缺口冲击强度显著增大。实验发现,PA66/POE-g-MAH共混材料分散相的弹性体颗粒内部存在较多份量的有序结构,材料中的分散相颗粒具有明显促进结晶的作用,此作用引起PA66基体结晶温度增加,结晶度增大,并在分散相质量分数为15% 的脆韧转变条件下,达到极大值。试样熔体的冷却速率越快,则此种促进结晶的作用就越明显。      

Investigating of polysulfide and epoxy‐polysulfide copolymer curing

Polysulfide can be cured in various methods. In this work, the effect of various oxidative curing agents (manganese dioxide and para quinonedioxime) in presence of curing accelerator (Diphenylguanidine) on mechanical‐dynamical properties and cure time of polysulfide resin (G4) was investigated. Results showed that mentioned oxidative curing agents have no remarkable effect on mechanical properties and cure time. But preferred method is preparation of polysulfide‐epoxy copolymer. This copolymer is a new class of liquid polymer composition containing block copolymers, with alternating blocks of polysulfide and polyepoxide. in different epoxy/polysulfide ratio, the epoxy‐polysulfide copolymer showd different tensile strenght, elongation, hardness, gel time, viscosity and Tg, but epoxy free polysulfide approximately revealed constant mechanical and dynamical properties so that epoxidized polysulfide had excellent mechanical properties and suitable curring times in comparison with those samples which were cured in other methods. FT‐IR spectroscopy, viscometry and GPC were used to verify the formation of epoxy‐polysulfide copolymer. Results obtained from DMTA and SEM showed that phase separation of epoxy resin from the copolymer matrix took place and The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the cured copolymer was between the cured epoxy and polysulfide glass transition temperatures.     

汽车薄壁保险杠蒙皮材料特性分析与服役性能研究

目的 优化薄壁保险杠蒙皮材料的力学性能,评价薄壁保险杠蒙皮的服役性能。方法 以纳米碳酸钙(nano-CaCO3)、蒙脱土(MMT)和氢化苯乙烯-丁二烯嵌段共聚物(SEBS)为添加剂对PP进行协同改性。采用双螺杆挤压机制备PP/SEBS/nano-CaCO3和PP/SEBS/MMT共混材料,研究刚性粒子与SEBS对薄壁注塑用聚丙烯(PP)的强韧协同效应。研究无机填料/弹性体协同改性作用对薄壁注塑用聚丙烯结晶行为、力学性能与微观结构的影响规律。建立薄壁注塑用聚丙烯保险杠蒙皮有限元仿真模型,通过多个工况有限元仿真和实验来评价薄壁保险杠蒙皮的服役性能。结果 共混材料的结晶度相比PP/SEBS提高了1.2%~7.3%,结晶温度未产生显著变化;nano-CaCO3质量分数为4%的PP/SEBS/nano-CaCO3综合性能最好。仿真结果表明,薄壁保险杠蒙皮具有较好的服役性能,并且通过实验验证了该评价方法的有效性。结论 薄壁保险杠蒙皮材料可以通过共混改性达到理想的刚韧平衡效果,基于材料性能-成形质量-服役性能的方法为高效设计薄壁汽车保险杠蒙皮提供了新途径。     

Highly toughened polypropylene/ethylene–propylene-diene monomer/zinc dimethacrylate ternary blends prepared via peroxide-induced dynamic vulcanization

Polypropylene (PP)/ethylene–propylene-diene monomer (EPDM)/zinc dimethacrylate (ZDMA) blends with remarkable toughness and extensibility were successfully prepared via peroxide dynamical vulcanization. A unique structure with the EPDM particles surrounded by a transition zone containing numerous polymerized ZDMA (PZDMA) nano-particles was observed for the first time by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examination, which contributed to the dramatically increase of Izod impact strength. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) confirmed that the possible PZDMA graft products resulted from peroxide dynamical vulcanization improved the compatibility between EPDM and PP phases. The specific morphology of the PP/EPDM/ZDMA blends indicated that ZDMA can lead to size reduction and good distribution uniformity of the crosslinked rubber particles and the increase of adhesion between PP matrix and EPDM phases during deformation. The synergic effect of the increase in the effective volume of the EPDM phase, the improved compatibility and adhesion between EPDM and PP phases and the deformation of those fine rubber particles is believed to result in the remarkable high toughness and extensibility of the PP/EPDM/ZDMA blends. Particularly for the PP/EPDM ratio of 70/30, the PP/EPDM/ZDMA (70/30/9, w/w/w) ternary blends with the Izod impact strength nearly 2 times higher than PP/EPDM (70/30, w/w) binary blends and 15–20 times higher than PP are achieved; besides, the elongation at break of PP/EPDM/ZDMA ternary blends is 4–5 times higher than that of PP/EPDM binary blends.     

固化条件对热塑增韧环氧树脂的固化动力学和相分离的影响EI

采用砂型和金属型两种不同铸造方法对铸态、固溶态和时效态ZL210A合金性能及断口形貌的影响进行研究.结果表明:对ZL210A铸造合金而言,金属型铸造方法优于砂型铸造方法,其常规力学性能σb,σ0.2和δ5均高于砂型铸造,从断口形貌上看,试样断口形貌均呈现典型的穿晶断裂,且韧窝较深.其中,金属型固溶态试样的断口韧窝最为明显,呈现出较好的韧性.     

固化条件对热塑增韧环氧树脂的固化动力学和相分离的影响

Thermoplastic toughened epoxy resins are widely used as matrices in modern prepreg systems.Different curing conditions play a great role in affecting the cure kinetics and phase behaviour of thermoplastic modified epoxies which further result in different mechanical properties of polymer matrix composites.Since the morphology of the cured thermoplastic/epoxy blends is directly related to the mechanical properties,it is essential to control processing conditions for obtaining desirable morphology.A polyethersulphone (PES) modified multifunctional epoxies,triglycidylaminophenol (TGAP) and tetraglycidyldiaminodiphenylmethane (TGDDM),was used for investigation.The cure kinetics and cured morphology of polymer blends heated at different heating rates and cured at different temperature were studied.It is shown that higher cure temperature and higher heating rate display similar effects in the epoxy conversion and the domain size of phase separated structure.