Analytical performance evaluation of downlink beamforming with power control by transmit power limited channel inversion

We investigate the transmission performance of a downlink BPSK transmission system which uses beamforming combined with cross-polarised antenna arrays and power control in a Rayleigh fading environment to fulfil QoS requirements of real time services. A power control method termed “power control by transmit power limited channel inversion” is applied in the system. Power limitation in the downlink and the effect on the bit error rate performance is especially interesting for mobile stations at the cell borders of a cellular communication system. For this non-linear transmit model we derive analytical formulas for the average transmit power and the bit error rate performance. The exact validity of the results is verified by Monte-Carlo simulations. We also show the interaction of power control and beamforming, and the dependency of the gain in transmit power from the SNR, an effect that is not visible without transmit power limited power control.     

Joint transmit beamforming and power control in multi-user MIMO downlink using a game theoretic approach

This study addresses the problem of jointly optimizing the transmit beamformers and power control in multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) downlink. The objective is minimizing the total transmission power while satisfying the signal-to-noise plus interference ratio (SINR) requirement of each user. Before power control, it uses the maximum ratio transmission (MRT) scheme to determine the beamformers due to its attractive properties and the simplicity of handling. For power control it introduces a supermodular game approach and proposes an iterated strict dominance elimination algorithm. The algorithm is proved to converge to the Nash equilibrium. Simulation results indicate that this joint optimization method assures the improvement of performance.     

CDMA系统下行链路性能优化的递阶算法研究

不对称的多媒体传输是未来宽带无线通信的主要模式，本文基于目前下行链路多种传输技术的特点，提出了一种递阶优化算法进行下行链路性能的优化，用功率控制（PC）、波束成形（BF）和发射分集（TD）三种要素进行系统建模，并根据移动用户的接收服务质量（QoS）要求构建效用函数进而进行性能优化，从向达到一种效能最佳的传输目标。文后给出了仿真实验并与常规的BF和TD算法进行了性能比较。     

CDMA系统中联合功率控制、波束赋形与多用户检测

应用功率控制、波束赋形和多用户检测可以有效地消除和减少CDMA系统中的干扰。本文结合波束赋形和多用户检测的特性，提出一种应用波束赋形增益和多用户相关矩阵的解相关算法。基于算法的复杂性，提出一种区分聚集用户进行多用户检测的的算法。由于波束赋形能够消减主瓣波束之外的多用户干扰，对聚集移动台采用解相关检测达到减少运算量和消除多用户干扰的目的。对算法进行了仿真分析，证明了本算法的优越性。     

Principles of minimum variance robust adaptive beamforming design

Robustness is typically understood as an ability of adaptive beamforming algorithm to achieve high performance in the situations with imperfect, incomplete, or erroneous knowledge about the source, propagation media, and antenna array. It is also desired to achieve high performance with as little as possible prior information. In the last decade, several fruitful principles to minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) robust adaptive beamforming (RAB) design have been developed and successfully applied to solve a number of problems in a wide range of applications. Such principles of MVDR RAB design are summarized here in a single paper. Prof. Gershman has actively participated in the development and applications of a number of such MVDR RAB design principles.     

多用户MIMO下行收发联合波束成形

针对随机波束成形(RBF)只有在包含大量用户的系统中才能获得较好性能的局限性,提出了一种新的收发联合波束成形方案,用于多用户多入多出(MIMO)下行链路传输。该方案有效地结合了RBF与接收天线合并技术。分析及仿真结果表明,即使在用户数为中等甚至较小时仍然能获得较高的和速率性能。由于每个用户的反馈开销没变,从而使获得同样和速率时系统的总反馈开销明显减少。仿真结果还显示,所提方案的和速率性能不仅优于原RBF,也比RBF结合最大比合并或者等增益合并的性能有明显改善,同时还保持了最优的随用户数变化的增长速度。     

一种加载量迭代搜索的稳健波束形成

当阵列的导向矢量并不精确已知时,自适应波束形成有较大的性能损失.为提高波束形成的稳健性,对角加载成为一种常用的方式.但困扰这类方法的核心问题是合适的加载量如何确定.粗估导向矢量经对角加载后得到修正的导向矢量,如果加载量合适,则修正后的导向矢量接近真实导向矢量,即与噪声子空间的正交性变好.基于以上分析,构造修正导向矢量向信号子空间和噪声子空间投影的加权代价函数来评价加载量的合适与否,进而提出一种迭代搜索合适加载量的方法.计算机仿真验证了方法的有效性,与同类方法对比显示其优越性.     

MIMO下行链路联合波束成形稳健性设计

针对MIMO下行链路中的发射/接收波束成行器,提出了一种对非精确CSI稳健的联合设计方案。方案采用的设计准则是在总发射功率受限的条件下最小化系统和MSE。根据此非凸和非线性优化问题的最优解条件,通过交替地计算每个用户的最优解来近似地获得原问题最优解。仿真结果表明,与非稳健性方法相比,该方案能有效地减少非精确CSI引起的性能损失。     

Multiuser beamforming based on max SINR for downlink spatial multiplexing MIMO

In this article, a method based on max signal interference noise ratio (SINR) criterion is proposed, to mitigate the interuser interference for downlink multiuser spatial multiplexing multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems.Unlike the zero forcing (ZF) scheme in which the SNR is decreased when the interference is eliminated completely, max SINR method makes a compromise between noise and interuser interference.When the number of substreams is larger than the difference between the number of base station antennas and the sum of interference mobile station antennas, the ZF is infeasible.An existing coordinated TX-RX block diagonalization (COOR BD) method uses preprocessing at the receiver to cancel the interuser interference.However, it cannot obtain more receive diversity gain because of the preprocessing.Analysis and simulation show that the max SINR scheme has better performance than the ZF method.Moreover, when the ZF is infeasible, the max SINR scheme can obtain more receive diversity gain than COOR BD in the two-user case.     

Robust adaptive beamforming for large-scale arrays

For a large-scale adaptive array, heavy computational load and high-rate data transmission are two challenges in the implementation of an adaptive digital beamforming system. Moreover, the large-scale array becomes extremely sensitive to array imperfections. First, based on a restructured recursive linearly constrained minimum variance algorithm and a gradient-based optimization method, a new robust recursive linearly constrained minimum variance (RRLCMV) algorithm is proposed in this paper. The computational load of the RRLCMV algorithm is on the order of o(N), which is less than that of the conventional gradient-based robust adaptive algorithm. Then, a new efficient parallel robust recursive linearly constrained minimum variance (PRRLCMV) adaptive algorithm is proposed by appropriately partitioning the RRLCMV algorithm into a number of operational modules. It can be easily executed in a distributed-parallel-processing fashion, sequentially and in parallel. As a result, the PRRLCMV algorithm provides an effective solution that can alleviate the bottleneck of high-rate data transmission and reduce the computational cost. Finally, an implementation scheme of the PRRLCMV algorithm based on a distributed-parallel-processing system is also proposed. The simulation results demonstrate that the new PRRLCMV algorithm can significantly reduce the degradation due to various array errors.     

一种改进均方误差性能的新型鲁棒性波束形成算法

结合信干噪比最大化和均方误差最小化两个优化目标,提出一种新型的鲁棒性波束形成算法.该方法考虑信号估计误差,在传统的最小方差的代价函数中引入信号协方差矩阵的估计误差,并在波达角估计误差的约束下,将鲁棒性波束形成器转换成基于支持向量机形式的波束形成器,通过一种高效的新型支持向量机训练算法计算阵列权值;然后以均方误差最小化为目标来修正阵列权值.仿真结果表明:该方法降低了波束形成器对信号估计误差的敏感度,提高了其抑制非平稳干扰的能力,且具有更好的均方误差性能.     

认知无线网络中基于联合波束形成和功率分配的低复杂度SINR均衡算法

认知无线电作为提高频谱使用效率的有效手段成为当前通信领域的研究热点。本文研究了单输入多输出的多用户认知无线网络,在主用户的干扰功率约束和认知用户的发射功率约束下,针对认知用户的信干噪比均衡问题,提出了一种低复杂度的联合波束形成和功率分配算法。与已有算法相比,该算法可以在保证最优的均衡信干噪比水平的同时,大幅度降低矩阵求逆和矩阵特征值分解的次数,特别是当处于通信状态的主用户和认知用户数目很多时。本文理论证明了所提算法的收敛性和最优性,并进行了详细的复杂度分析。理论分析和仿真结果均表明在多用户的认知无线网络中,本文所提算法可以将已有算法的平均运算复杂度降低50%以上。     

Weighted max-min fair beamforming, power control, and scheduling for a MISO downlink

In this paper, we consider the joint beamforming, power control and scheduling problem in a multiple-input single- output (MISO) downlink for maximizing the minimum weighted rate among all users. We solve this problem by formulating it as a convex optimization problem whose function evaluations require maximization of a difference of convex functions (D.C. Programming). We also propose a simpler heuristic that finds the best policy under restricted set of power vectors. We then compare the performance of these policies against the dirty paper coding (DPC) policy to quantify the performance gap between an optimal point-to-point coding approach and an optimal joint encoding/decoding approach.     

结合功率控制的时-空多用户检测器

针对CDMA系统中抗干扰技术,提出一种结合多用户检测、波束成形和功率控制的算法,对接收信号在时域和空间上进行联合处理,能大大抑制干扰,提高系统容量。     

GSM900功率控制参数的精细优化方法

本文通过采用GSM900功率控制参数精细优化的措施,有效控制上、下行发射功率。在保证一定C／I的基础上,根据每个小区的底噪电平和保护电平,优化设置上下行发射功率,达到降低带内干扰、改善无线性能、降低掉话率的目的。     

Near Optimum Power Control Scheme for Downlink in the W-CDMA Cellular System

The downlink power control problem in W-CDMA is studied using a new near optimum power control scheme (model). The downlink cell capacity is given for both the old given by Gejji and our new model. A capacity increase of 7.5% for the special case = 0 (no orthogonality between users) and a generalization of the old model are obtained using the new model.     

Emulating DC constant power load: a robust sliding mode control approach

This article presents emulation of a programmable power electronic, constant power load (CPL) using a dc/dc step-up (boost) converter. The converter is controlled by a robust sliding mode controller (SMC). A novel switching surface is proposed to ensure a required power sunk by the converter. The proposed dc CPL is simple in design, has fast dynamic response and high accuracy, and offers an inexpensive alternative to study converters for cascaded dc distribution power system applications. Furthermore, the proposed CPL is sufficiently robust against the input voltage variations. A laboratory prototype of the proposed dc CPL has been developed and validated with SMC realised through OPAL-RT platform. The capability of the proposed dc CPL is confirmed via experimentations in varied scenarios.     

临近空间飞行器低仰角测控通信中的自适应盲波束形成算法

由于临近空间复杂的大气环境,临近空间飞行器的测控通信系统与以往的卫星、导弹等系统测控有很大不同,针对低仰角测控通信所面临的多径反射干扰严重的问题,建立了系统的多径模型,提出了一种利用最大信干噪比准则进行测控通信的自适应盲波束形成算法,并进行了测控站固定和移动情况下算法性能的数值仿真,结果表明算法不仅具有很好的收敛性．并且权值的迭代能够使波束最大增益方向始终对准到期望方向     

无线自组织网传输功率控制与跨层优化

无线自组织网节点功率有限，如何有效利用节点电量、改善网络性能是自组网领域研究的关键问题。首先讨论了节点传输功率对各协议层的影响，并归纳出功率控制的设计原则；然后分类介绍和比较了几种主要的控制机制。在传统协议分层研究的基础上，提出了对传输功率控制进行跨层优化的设计思想，并对运用跨层优化的困难给予了阐述；最后给出了传输功率控制领域最新的一些研究方向。