烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚(APEO)生态环保问题评估

根据欧盟2003／53／EC法规规定，从2005年1月17日开始在纺织品上限制使用烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚（APEO）。引起助剂界的严重关注．因为APEO广泛用于纺织助剂，包括前处理剂、染色、印花以及后整理剂，以APEO作为润湿、渗透、乳化、增溶和洗涤作用的重要原料．但是由于APEO的毒性、刺激性、生物降解性和对水生物的毒性而受到禁用和限用，各助剂厂也已推出无APEO的助剂。为了推广无APEO助剂，必须得到公平、公正的环保认证，并需了解它的取代品，本文作了详细阐述．     

Intertek推出化学品（助剂）不含APEO认证服务

自从欧盟颁布2003／53／EC指令（已于2005年1月17日生效），许多知名买家都对供应商的纺织服装和皮革制品中的APEO限量提出了要求．由于APEO在加工过程并不发生任何转变，因此使用不含APEO的助剂是保证产品不受污染的有效手段．     

烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚(APEO)的禁用和代用

2003年6月18日欧盟颁布2003／53／EC指令，对烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚（APEO）的使用、流通和排放作出了相应的限制和规定，并已于2005年1月17日开始执行。APEO广泛应用于纺织印染加工中，作为润湿、渗透、乳化、洗涤作用助剂的主要原料，它的禁用引起了印染助剂行业和纺织印染行业的强烈关注。文中就有关法规对APEO的限量控制、安全性和生物降懈性进行了分析，提出了代用品以及它们的性能和应用。     

再谈APEO的禁用及应对措施

从2005年1月17日起，凡进入欧盟国家的纺织品和服装需提供APEO检测的有效证明，这使杜绝生产和使用含APEO的印染助剂必须引起重视。文章介绍了APEO对生态的影响和其在印染助剂中的使用范围，并提出为杜绝和防止APEO在纺织品和服装上的出现而应采取的三条应对措施。     

纺织印染助剂中APEO的环保替代

烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚（APEO）是多年来常用的非离子表面活性剂，广泛应用于纺织印染助剂的生产．由于APEO存在毒性大、生物降解性差和环境激素等生态安全性问题，其禁用已引起全人类的重视．积极开发和使用替代APEO的环保表面活性剂并应用于纺织印染助剂的研究及生产工作已刻不容缓．     

要重视进厂原材料的检验

在本刊上期的《端者论坛》中，编者结合刊出的二籍文章，谈了为什么要重视纺织品上和印染助剂中的APEO（烷基酚聚氯乙烯醚）问题；在上期《再谈APEO的禁用及应对措施》一文中，唐育民教授谈了为杜绝和防止APEO在纺织品和服装上出现的三点应对措施，即印染厂要了解各种印染助剂的主要组分并要求与助剂生产厂签订承诺保证书；助剂生产或供应厂商要讲诚信，不可弄虚作假；助剂生产厂要杜绝APEO原料进厂，使用无害的APEO代用品。除此以外，编者想起了五月份发生在我国的“齐二药事件”，感到企业（包括助剂应用和生产企业）还需要重视进厂原材料的检验，才能完全杜绝APEO对生态纺织品和环境带来危害。     

烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚的生态环保问题探讨

广泛使用的烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚(APEO)的生态环保问题在近20年受到争议。过去一直认为APEO的代谢物具有毒性，生物降解性差。本文综述近年来通过野外取样测试评定，得出相反结论。APEO及其代谢物的雌激素效应非常低，所有这些都不足以危害生态环境；但必须注意生产过程中副产物的危害性，有可能存在于某些企业的产品中。     

国内纺织品中APEO（烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚）的标准现状

本文介绍了APEO(烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚)的概念及来源,剖析了其危害性和潜在风险性,阐述了目前APEO(烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚)在我国纺织品领域的使用情况,分析了国内外相关法律法规的限制要求和国内检验检测标准,最后针对APEO产生的质量风险给出了指导性建议。     

高品质涂料色浆的应用及选择

涂料色浆的相关指标有哪些 1．环保指标 APEO、ZAO、重金属、甲醛、邻苯二甲酸盐等对身体和环境有害物质。 主要体现在涂料色浆中是否含有对人体或环境有害物质，具体包括：甲醛、偶氨、重金属、APEO等游离性、挥发性、衍生性等方式对人体有害的物质，涂料色浆中是否含有或部分含有就成了环保涂料色浆与限量使用和禁止使用涂料色浆的根本区别。     

HPLC测定水性印花胶浆中AP和APEO的研究

APEO是烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚类化合物的简称,是由烷基酚（AP）与环氧乙烷按一定比例在碱催化下反应形成的齐聚同系物。烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚（APEO）的生物降解缓慢,其降解产物为含有较少乙氧基（EO）的APEO和烷基酚（AP）,这些降解产物的毒性远远高于其母系化合物。APEO对生态影响可以概括成：毒性、生物降解、环境激素。APEO作为表面活性剂,具有良好的润湿、渗透、乳化、分散、增溶和洗涤作用,在洗涤产品和纺织产品及相关产品中广泛使用。     

APEO的禁用与环保替代

APEO（烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚）是继脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚之后的另一大类非离子表面活性剂,具有性质稳定、耐酸碱、成本低等特征,广泛应用于纺织印染领域.但由于APEO的生态环保问题,欧盟等地区对纺织品的APEO已有限量的要求,因此,纺织印染助剂中APEO的环保替代工作刻不容缓.     

Characterization of aircraft deicer and anti-icer components and toxicity in airport snowbanks and snowmelt runoff

Snowbank samples were collected from snowbanks within a medium-sized airport for four years to characterize aircraft deicer and anti-icer (ADAF) components and toxicity. Concentrations of ADAF components varied with median glycol concentrations from individual sampling periods ranging from 65 to 5940 mg/L. Glycol content in snowbanks ranged from 0.17 to 11.4% of that applied to aircraft. Glycol, a freezing point depressant, was selectively removed during melt periods before snow and ice resulting in lower glycol concentrations after melt periods. Concentrations of ADAF components in airport runoff were similar during periods of snowmelt as compared to active ADAF application periods; however, due to the long duration of snowmelt events, greater masses of glycol were transported during snowmelt events. Alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEO), selected APEO degradation products, and 4- and 5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole were detected in snowbank samples and airport snowmelt. Concentrations of APEO parent products were greater in snowbank samples than in runoff samples. Relative abundance of APEO degradation products increased in the downstream direction from the snowbank to the outfalls and the receiving stream with respect to APEO parent compounds and glycol. Toxicity in Microtox assays remained in snowbanks after most glycol had been removed during melt periods. Increased toxicity in airport snowbanks as compared to other urban snowbanks was not explained by additional combustion or fuel contribution in airport snow. Organic markers suggest ADAF additives as a possible explanation for this increased toxicity. Results indicate that glycol cannot be used as a surrogate for fate and transport of other ADAF components.     

烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚的识别与合规要点

烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚(APEO)是一类广泛应用于纺织、印染、制革等行业的双亲型非离子表面活性剂,因应用于纺丝、织布、前处理、染色、印花、后整理等多个环节,为其识别和替代带来不少困难.由于APEO的毒性,各国政府、服装鞋类品牌、国际性行业协会都对其采取禁用或限用措施.回顾了APEO的应用现状、各个国家的法律法规、在纺织染整行...     

APEO含量测试方法的探究

出口到欧洲的生态纺织品中APEO限用已有明确法规,因此,探索APEO含量的测试方法受到印染助剂企业的重视.根据APEO对紫外光吸收的原理,探究了用紫外分光光度计测定溶液APEO质量浓度、用水萃取方法测定织物上APEO含量.结果表明:紫外分光光度计测得乳化剂OP在275nm处有强的吸收.用紫外分光光度计测定溶液APEO质量浓度时,不必对它进行分离,可依据OP乳化剂工作曲线直接查得.溶液APEO质量浓度＞70mg/L时测试结果误差为0,＜70mg/L时测试结果不准确.用水萃取法测定织物上乳化剂OP含量的误差小于2%.总结了测试中的注意事项.     

关于欧盟对APEO的使用限制及我国皮革工业应采取的对策

论述了欧盟对APEO在皮革加工过程中的限定要求及其背景，指出了APEO在皮革工业中的应用，并给出相应应对措施。     

Fate of octyl- and nonylphenol ethoxylates and some carboxylated derivatives in three american wastewater treatment plants

The fate of a comprehensive group of nonylphenol and octylphenol ethoxylates (APEOs) and several of their carboxylated derivatives was studied in three American wastewatertreatment plants (WWTPs), two of which included advanced treatment. Influent and effluent concentrations of the alkylphenolic compounds (APEs) in the three plants were very similar, but effluent concentrations showed a seasonal dependency: both carboxylate and ethoxylate concentrations in the effluents were higher in winter than in summer. Sorption to particulate matter was higher for nonylphenolic compounds than for their octylphenolic counterparts, in agreement with their difference in Kow values. Both effluent concentrations and the removal efficiency of the APEOs were strongly correlated to water temperature, but no correlation was found with suspended solids or organic carbon removal. Although APEO removal from wastewater was high, overall removal from the WWTPs, including APEOs in waste sludge and transformation products, was relatively low and suggested that advanced treatment does not invariably result in better APEO removal. Additionally, a survey of urban sewers suggested that household products still constitute an important source of the APEOs reaching WWTPs.