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异丁烷与丁烯烷基化催化剂的历史及研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
异构烷烃与低分子烯烃的烷基化反应是石油加工的重要过程之一。本文要领了液体强酸浓硫酸和氢氟酸作为丁烷与丁胺烷基化催化剂的历史及现状,介绍了金属卤化物、分子筛、超强酸和杂多酸等固体酸作为锘化催化剂的研究进展,讨论了以上各类催化剂的主要特点及优缺点;预测了烷基化催化剂研究的发展方向,认为催化剂设计与反应工程结合,开发非定态反应工艺可能是解决固体酸催化剂失活问题的有效途径。 相似文献
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固体酸烷基化技术是炼油领域的研究热点,而分子筛则是研究最多的固体酸催化剂。综述了分子筛在烷基化反应中的构效关系研究进展。烷基化反应活性主要受分子筛酸密度、酸类型影响,较高的酸密度有助于提高目标产物收率以及延长催化剂寿命。中强B酸有利于烷基化反应的进行,而强L酸位点的存在不利于烷基化反应,会加速催化剂失活。分子筛孔径大小与孔道连接状况对烷基化反应产物的生成具有择形催化作用。分子水平理性设计和精细调变分子筛催化剂,制备物性更适宜于烷基化反应要求的固体酸是今后研发的重点。 相似文献
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几种氧化物固体酸在异丁烷—丁烯烷基化反应中催化性能的比较 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
用XRD、IR、NH3-TPD和Hammett指示剂等方法对几种分子筛(HZSM-5、HY、Hβ)和氧化物固体酸(SO24^-2/ZrO2和WO3/ZrO2)进行了结构表征和酸性测定,并在相同的实验条件下比较了它们对异丁烷-丁烯烷基化反应的论活性和稳定性。结果表明,其烷基化产物中各种组分的收率有显著差异,催化性能优劣的次序为:Hβ>HY>WO3>ZrO2>ZrO3>HZSM-5。结合它们的基本物化性质,从反应机理上对催化性能的差异进行了分析,认为Hβ和HY可作为该反应的优固体酸催化剂。 相似文献
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固体酸催化剂在异丁烷/丁烯烷基化领域具有良好的应用前景,但催化剂易失活,寿命较短。综述了固体酸烷基化催化剂的反应-失活过程、积炭前身物组成及结构的分析方法、催化剂的失活方式、积炭前身物的控制手段,以及金属临氢再生的方式。指出开发周期寿命长、抗积炭的固体酸催化剂是今后进一步改进和发展固体酸烷基化技术的研究重点。 相似文献
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用XRD、IR、NH3-TPD和Hammett指示剂等方法对几种分子筛(HZSM-5、HY、Hβ)和氧化物固体酸(SO24-/ZrO2和WO3/ZrO2)进行了结构表征和酸性测定,并在相同的实验条件下比较了它们对异丁烷-丁烯烷基化反应的催化活性和稳定性.结果表明,其烷基化产物中各种组分的收率有显著差异,催化性能优劣的次序为:Hβ>HY>WO3/ZrO2>SO24-/ZrO2>HZSM-5.结合它们的基本物化性质,从反应机理上对催化性能的差异进行了分析,认为Hβ和HY可作为该反应的优选固体酸催化剂. 相似文献
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采油过程中,酸化是油气井增产、注水井增注的主要措施。砂岩基质酸化和碳酸岩基质酸化都是在低于储层破裂压力的条件下向地层中注入酸液,溶解地层中的可溶物质,清除孔隙或裂缝中的堵塞物质,从而使油气井增产或注水井增注的一种工艺措施。本文着重讨论了砂岩酸化的设计计算方法,并由此建立一套基质酸化设计方法。 相似文献
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《Oil and Energy Trends》2008,33(5):6-7
This section summarizes downstream developments of the previous month. Exploration & Production are covered in 'Upstream Review'.
An upsurge of violence in Iraq threatened a recovery in output that began earlier this year. Production in the northern fields hit a post-invasion high of 620,000 bpd in March, rising by 180,000 bpd in one month. Fighting in the south, however, cut production there by more than 100,000 bpd as government troops tried to subdue Shi'ite militias in and around Basrah. Oil installations damaged in the south included a pipeline and a pumping station. The Iraqi government nevertheless announced that oil production would reach 2.9 mn bpd by the year's end, requiring an increase of nearly 500,000 bpd over April 2008 levels. Foreign help is to be sought via a series of technical service agreements and - later this year - an upstream licensing round. Japan's Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry says it wants a bigger role for Japanese oil companies in both the upstream and downstream sectors in Iraq. Kurdistan says it is negotiating with Baghdad to export oil produced from new oil fields there. The central government does not recognize production agreements drawn up by the Kurdistan Regional Government. The EU - desperate for gas to fill its Nabucco pipeline - has approached Iraq for up to 1 bn cfd. 相似文献
An upsurge of violence in Iraq threatened a recovery in output that began earlier this year. Production in the northern fields hit a post-invasion high of 620,000 bpd in March, rising by 180,000 bpd in one month. Fighting in the south, however, cut production there by more than 100,000 bpd as government troops tried to subdue Shi'ite militias in and around Basrah. Oil installations damaged in the south included a pipeline and a pumping station. The Iraqi government nevertheless announced that oil production would reach 2.9 mn bpd by the year's end, requiring an increase of nearly 500,000 bpd over April 2008 levels. Foreign help is to be sought via a series of technical service agreements and - later this year - an upstream licensing round. Japan's Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry says it wants a bigger role for Japanese oil companies in both the upstream and downstream sectors in Iraq. Kurdistan says it is negotiating with Baghdad to export oil produced from new oil fields there. The central government does not recognize production agreements drawn up by the Kurdistan Regional Government. The EU - desperate for gas to fill its Nabucco pipeline - has approached Iraq for up to 1 bn cfd. 相似文献
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