摩擦法制备侧发光光纤及亮度变化研究

为了方便地获得发光效果较好的侧发光光纤,利用砂纸摩擦方法处理了聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)塑料端面发光光纤,并采用大功率三基色LED作为光纤光源,使光纤侧发光亮度更高且颜色可变。实验通过增加摩擦次数增大光纤皮层的破坏程度,并测量不同摩擦程度光纤侧发光的亮度变化。分析实验结果可得:摩擦次数越多,光纤侧发光亮度越高,但亮度衰减越快;反之,光纤侧发光亮度低,亮度衰减较慢;相同摩擦次数,不同色光亮度衰减速率相近,但亮度较高的色光亮度衰减速率稍大于亮度低的色光。     

可控发光织物的研制及其亮度表征

为开发一种制作简便,具有较好发光效果的织物,将PMMA芯端发光光导纤维按一定组织与普通纺织纤维交织,使光纤织物表面组织形成图案,对所需发光部分的光纤进行表面处理,通过电路设计,利用发光二极管提供不同颜色的光源,获得可控发光织物。其中光纤表面采用侧发光处理效果较好的正己烷与丙酮混合试剂处理。对所制成的发光织物的发光亮度进行测量,结果表明发光效果明显。该织物可用于舞台装饰、家纺、安全警示等领域,可进一步开发为柔性织物显示器。     

一种新型织物——发光织物的研制

设计并制作了-种柔性发光织物,将光纤按-定组织与普通纺织纤维交织织入织物.光纤表面组织形成部分织物图案,对所需发光处光纤进行表面处理,用发光二极管(LED)连接于光纤两端作为光源,通过电路设计、连接达到织物的发光.其中光纤表面采用化学试剂进行侧发光处理.对制成织物的发光亮度进行测试,结果表明发光效果明显,可用于舞台装饰、家纺、安全警示、柔性织物显示器等领域.     

图案色彩可变换的光纤织物

为获得一种新颖的发光织物,将光纤与普通纱线交织提花,通过重纬组织设计使处于织物表面的光纤形成图案,并利用织物中屈曲的光纤产生侧发光,配合电路设计和控制单元设计,使发光织物中绿色宋体“福”字和红色草书“福”字交替出现,从而研制出可变换图案与色彩的发光织物“百福图”。光源由发光二极管提供,利用BM-5A亮度色度计测量发光织物的亮度,其亮度值为0.7～4.5 cd/m2,远远高于肉眼所能观察到的最低亮度。这种织物可用于各类装饰,并可开发为柔性织物显示器。     

一种处理聚合物光纤侧发光的系统

开发了一种标准可重复的机械摩擦处理系统,能定量处理聚合物光纤,并且处理之后可直接检测光纤发光强度。以规格为D500的聚合物光纤为例,探讨了此平台处理光纤发光原理,并且从聚合物光纤的侧发光效果、物理形态和侧面发光强度的变化来检验系统的处理效果。试验结果表明:该系统可以有效且可控地处理聚合物光纤;处理次数不同,发光效果也不同。处理的光纤表面有明显的划痕和凹槽,且摩擦次数和聚合物光纤截面面积呈线性函数关系,相关系数达到0.998 19。在相同的条件下,随着处理的次数增多,光纤发光越强且发光位置距离光源越近,聚合物光纤侧发光强度越大。     

发光针织物图案设计及亮度研究

采用0.25 mm的聚合物光纤和41 tex×2的棉纱,在9针/25.4 mm的手摇横机上编织发光针织物,采用挑眼、翻针等手法在织物上形成不同纹样效果的发光设计,包括方格织物、Z型图案织物、菱形织物。通过密度调节将聚合物光纤牢固地夹入针织物组织结构中,使用发光二极管连接光纤两端作为光源,通过电路设计使针织物发光。对织物进行发光亮度取点测试,完成对发光针织物图案纹样的亮度测试。     

夜光涂层织物发光性能

夜光涂层织物是一种新型功能性织物,采用余辉亮度测试仪测试涂层的余辉性能,分析不同发光材料的添加量及不同激发时间对涂层发光性能的影响,比较了涂层摩擦及水洗前后发光性能的变化.结果表明,随发光材料添加量的增加,涂层受光激发后的初始发光亮度增大,余辉时间达到10 h以上;当发光材料添加量增加到30%时,涂层余辉初始发光亮度达到1.298 cd/m2;涂层织物耐水洗性能优于耐摩擦性能.     

光导纤维在发光织物上的应用研究进展

为更好地将光导纤维应用于智能纺织品,综述了近年来光导纤维的种类与制备、由其织造而成的光纤发光织物的存在形式、特点以及最新研究进展,并指出光导纤维在这些形式中存在的问题;结合发光织物的应用,总结了光纤发光织物在智能服装中的应用;并结合发光织物用光导纤维的具体要求和发光织物的必要属性,针对目前光导纤维制备光纤发光织物实现商业化存在的关键性问题,提出光纤发光织物应具有类似服用的性能、改善光导纤维的基本性能和提高光纤发光织物的耐用性以及实现高发光亮度、均匀发光等特性,为光导纤维在智能纺织品上应用的发展趋势做出了综合预测。     

用于呼吸监测的光纤传感织物制备及其性能

为开发一种基于光纤侧发光感光机制监测人体呼吸的传感织物,将直径500μm的聚合物光纤为经纱织入织物,在光纤的侧面局部位置激光打标,形成发光和感光光纤。呼吸拉伸光纤的位移变化及感光光纤的光强改变,从而监测人体呼吸状态。研究了光纤打标距离、纬纱弹性、光纤间距和光纤根数对传感织物性能的影响,结果表明优化后传感织物的光强损耗度从13.14%提高到38.61%。在人体胸骨下方佩戴传感织物可以监测坐姿、站姿和行走下的平静呼吸信号,呼吸频率监测精度高(误差范围在1.2次/min内),与面罩式呼吸监测仪性能相当。该光纤传感织物的制备工艺简单,灵敏度较高,可穿戴呼吸设备的舒适性高,有望在智能纺织品领域实现产业化。     

织造对不同结构光纤织物侧发光性能的影响

利用织造对光纤的损伤,制备结构简单、手感柔软的发光面料。通过探讨织造过程中光纤的损伤机理,比较不同组织结构光纤织物的侧发光强度,结果表明：织造对光纤的损伤主要发生在卷取过程中,光纤的侧发光主要是由于卷取轴的挤压和摩擦产生的破坏;不同组织织物的侧发光强度存在明显差异,其中平纹织物侧发光强度最小,纬缎织物最大;随着缎纹组织循环的增大,侧发光强度有增大趋势,但当增大到16枚纬缎时,与卷轴接触的光纤增加不明显,对发光的影响较小,这时光纤的弯曲起主导作用,因此从发光效果来看,16枚纬缎是较佳的选择。     

Distribution of phenolic yeasts and production of phenolic off-flavors in wine fermentation

The activity of wine yeasts to decarboxylate ferulic and p-coumaric acids is one of their biological properties related to the production of phenolic off-flavors (POF) in wine-making. We examined POF productivity in 116 strains of wine yeast, 74 strains of wild yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and 23 strains of non-Saccharomyces yeast, and found that a majority of these yeasts were POF-producing strains. The frequency distribution of POF-producing strains was 81 to 95% in wine yeasts, 85 to 97% in wild yeasts and 78 to 83% in non-Saccharomyces yeasts based on the POF test with addition of ferulic and p-coumaric acids to grape juice medium. The Rhodotorula, Candida, Cryptococcus, Pichia, Hansenula, and Brettanomyces strains had high or moderate POF productivity among the 20 non-Saccharomyces species. The decomposition rate of ferulic acid correlated with POF production and the critical concentration of phenolic acid (free form) in grape must was estimated to be more than 10 mg/l. Segregation of POF phenotype and Southern blot analysis of phenolic wine yeasts suggest that POF production is controlled by the POF gene (PAD1). The results showed the frequent distribution of phenolic yeasts in the wine-making environment. These suggest the importance of controlling POF production by using wine yeast strains of low POF productivity. The grapes must be prepared by a suitable process to prevent the increase in phenolic acid content.     

The design and development of an illuminated polymeric optical fibre (POF) knitted garment

Abstract

This paper presents a new design and development process for integrating illuminated Polymeric Optical Fibre (POF) into knitted garments, by incorporating POF directly into the looped structure. Fully-fashioned knitting is presented as a means of overcoming garment design restrictions in existing works. A key challenge this work addresses is the creation of more appealing and fashionable form-fitting illuminated POF garments. The resultant work, a tight-fitting knitted raglan sleeve jumper with a section of knitted POF demonstrates that new aesthetics can be achieved, with our new technique. This project builds on existing research into POF integration into fashion and textiles, whilst challenging the existing view that POF cannot be formed into a looped structure. This project used a hand flat knitting machine to produce the knitted POF garment, to balance the benefits of using handcraft techniques for challenging fibres, with the faster knitting speed better associated with using knitting machines.     

Design and fabrication of touch-sensitive polymeric optical fibre (POF) fabric

Polymeric optical fibres (POFs) can be integrated into a textile structure for illuminative fashion and interior fabric applications. In this study, the development of a touch-sensitive POF fabric system through the integration of conductive yarns and an electronic controlling system was explored. Distinct from conventional sensor applications, the capacitive sensor used in this study was embedded into the textile structure using conductive yarns via experimentations with different weave structures. With the embedded controlling system and RGB light-emitting diodes, the POF fabrics were able to transfer sensory signals into illumination. This study combined novel weaving techniques, different materials and electronic system development to develop a multi-touch interface based on textile capacitive sensors that can sense both touch contact and non-contact/proximity. The final prototype can be washed up to 10 laundry cycles. The results demonstrated that multiple functionalities can be integrated into the structure to produce an interactive textile based product.     

二氧化碳流体体系中聚合物光纤内吡咯甲川染料的注入

本研究使用高压二氧化碳流体成功地将荧光染料吡咯甲川Pyrromethene 567注入到聚合物光纤中,这类染料注入后的光纤可望用于光纤激光器和局域通信系统中。实验研究了二氧化碳流体中助溶剂的作用、流体的压力、温度以及注入时间等对注入效果的影响。使用波长532nm的YAG激光作为泵浦,观察到了注入后光纤中的染料的激发峰的波长,借助显微镜和扫描电镜确定注入后的光纤的结构没有改变。实验结果显示,相比传统的界面自由基聚合荧光染料掺杂的方法,这种技术提供了一种更有效、安全的注入方法。     

CLONING OF A YEAST GENE WHICH CAUSES PHENOLIC OFF-FLAVOURS IN BEER

A gene (POF1) has been cloned, which confers upon yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) the ability to decarboxylate phenolic acids such as ferulic and trans-cinnamic acid. This property was previously shown to be a cause of phenolic off-flavour production in wort fermentations. The identity of the cloned gene was confirmed as POF1 by gene disruption techniques. Southern blotting of total genomic DNA revealed that sequences homologous to POF1 are conserved in Pof^? brewing strains of Sacch. cerevisiae. The transformation of a Pof^? lager strain with the cloned POF1 gene led to the production of an aroma characteristic of a phenolic off-flavour, when the transformed strain was used in wort fermentations. This latter observation suggests that the Pof^? phenotype of brewers' yeast is specifically due to the absence of a functional POF1 gene.     

Model of vegetable freshness perception using luminance cues

Freshness perception is a quality discrimination process that influences our consumer choice and eating behavior, especially of highly perishable products such as vegetables. Previous research used photographic stimuli to investigate the relationship between luminance distribution and freshness perception for a cabbage leaf (C. Arce-Lopera, Masuda, Kimura, et al., 2013) and a strawberry (Carlos Arce-Lopera, Masuda, Kimura, Wada, & Okajima, 2012). In this study, the luminance and chromatic information of the freshness degradation process of four different vegetables (cabbage, strawberry, carrot and spinach) was recorded in a temperature, humidity and light controlled environment. However, instead of a camera, a 2D luminance and chromaticity analyzer (TOPCON UA1000) was chosen as the measurement equipment. Then, using a color management system to guarantee the exact reproduction of the recorded luminance and chromatic data of the real objects, a color and a grayscale version of the stimuli was created. Subsequently, those pictures were randomly presented to subjects who had to rate their perceived freshness using a visual analog scale. The achromatic results did not differ from the chromatic ones suggesting that luminance information is sufficient to enable an accurate estimation of vegetable freshness. Additionally, the original images were digitally manipulated only by modifying their luminance distribution and keeping their color information intact. When the resulting images were presented, using the same psychophysical experimental setting, the results showed that the perceived freshness also changed concordantly with the changes on the asymmetry of the luminance distribution. Finally, a model for vegetable freshness perception that utilizes only luminance cues is presented.     

Spatiotemporal analysis of the protein expression of angiogenic factors and their related receptors during folliculogenesis in rats with and without hormonal treatment

This study investigated the protein expression and cellular localization of ANGPT1, ANGPT2, and their receptor TEK, as well as vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and its receptor KDR (VEGFR2) during folliculogenesis. To obtain follicles at different stages for immunochemistry and western analyses, we used prepubertal untreated, diethylstilbestrol- and equine chorionic gonadotropin-treated rats. To confirm that these hormonal treatments reflect physiological change, we used non-treated adult rats. No expression of ANGPT1 was observed in granulosa cells (Gc) from immature hormone-treated and non-treated rats at any follicular stage. By contrast, ANGPT1 expression in theca cells (Tc) increased with follicular maturation. ANGPT2 protein was either absent or weakly expressed in Gc at all follicular stages. In Tc, minimal expression of ANGPT2 protein was detected in the preantral follicle (PF), whereas it was stronger in the early antral follicle (EAF) and preovulatory follicle (POF). TEK staining was absent in Gc but was intense in Tc at every follicular stage. Staining for VEGFA was either absent or weakly present in Gc and Tc in PF and EAF, although in POF it was stronger in Gc and Tc. Staining for KDR was absent in Gc and very low in Tc from PF. Gc and Tc of EAF showed positive staining for KDR and in POF the staining was stronger. These results were confirmed by western immunoblot. A similar pattern of expression of these proteins was observed in cycling rats. In conclusion, we observed that the protein expression of ANGPT1, ANGPT2, VEGFA and their receptors increased during follicular development in rats.