水泥速凝剂及其机理研究综述

阐述了国内外水泥速凝剂以及新型水泥速凝剂包括液体速凝剂概况,并对国内水泥速凝剂机理研究概况进行了综述。     

水泥速凝剂及其机理研究综述

阐述了国内外水泥速凝剂以及新型水泥速凝剂包括液体速凝剂概况,并对国内水泥速凝剂机理研究概况进行了综述。     

水泥无碱速凝剂的研究

探讨了以石灰石、矾土和少量助熔剂为原料，用烧结法制造速凝剂的可能性，结果表明，这种速凝剂在水泥中添加８％，即可使初凝时间缩短至１ｍｉｎ以内，终凝５ｍｉｎ以内。且水泥砂浆的２８ｄ强度保留率显著提高，由现用的高碱速凝剂红星Ｉ型的６０．１％提高至８０．１％以上。ＸＲＤ分析表明，本速率剂主要由Ｃ１２Ａ７和Ｃ１１Ａ７ＣａＦ２等矿物组成。     

铝酸钠液体速凝剂性能及作用机理

目的研究不同物质的量比铝酸钠液体速凝剂对水泥性能的影响规律,探讨其促凝机理及存在最佳掺量的原因．方法测试了不同物质的量比的铝酸钠液体速凝剂对水泥的凝结时间和强度,利用差热分析,X-射线衍射和扫面电镜手段分析其作用机理．结果物质的量比为1．2时．铝酸钠液体速凝剂放置1d便产生大量的沉淀．增大物质的量比时,稳定性也增加．不同物质的量比的铝酸钠液体速凝剂均存在最佳掺量,其凝结时间和强度都符合JC477—2005标准．结论铝酸钠液体速凝剂并不是靠生成大量钙矾石相互搭接实现速凝,而是促进各水泥矿物的反应形成大量的凝胶,并有一定量的板状晶体氢氧化钙和柱状晶体钙矾石（AFt）分布在其中．当掺量过大时,形成大量的六方片状晶体水铝石和单硫型水化硫铝酸钙（AFm）,C—S—H凝胶和柱状钙矾石相对较少,导致结构不密实,速凝效果减弱．     

RSD速凝剂增强作用机理分析

RSD是一种性能优良的喷射混凝土速凝剂，在试验室中掺加RSD后的混凝土强度对比测试表明，该速凝刑不仅能显著提高水泥胶砂的早期强度，而且不降低水泥胶砂的后期强度，并能提高水泥胶砂的耐久性能．通过扫描电镜对掺加RSD逮凝剂的水泥浆进行了观察，分析了水泥石各龄期的水化产物．分析结果表明，RSD速凝剂在水泥浆早期水化过程中能加速C3S的水化和钙矾石的生成，RSD促使C—S—H（Ⅰ）凝胶向C—S—H（Ⅲ）和C—S—H（Ⅳ）转化，增强水泥石的强度．最后对RSD速凝剂的增强作用进行了机理分析．     

D型速凝剂对水泥强度的影响

研究了各种速凝剂对水泥强度的影响 .针对目前国内速凝剂存在的普遍问题 ,在反复试验研究的基础上 ,选出一种辅料 ,制成可降低速凝剂碱性、增加喷射料粘度的复合型水泥速凝剂———D型速凝剂 ,其强度保有率最高 ,同时研究了水灰比对掺有D型速凝剂的水泥强度的影响 ,试验结果水灰比越大 ,强度降低越多 .     

D型速凝剂对水泥强度的影响

研究了各种速凝剂对水泥强度的影响.针对目前国内速凝剂存在的普遍问题,在反复试验研究的基础上,选出一种辅料,制成可降低速凝剂碱性、增加喷射料粘度的复合型水泥速凝剂--D型速凝剂,其强度保有率最高,同时研究了水灰比对掺有D型速凝剂的水泥强度的影响,试验结果水灰比越大,强度降低越多.     

水泥与高效减水剂适应性的试验研究

通过对普通硅酸盐水泥、矿渣硅酸盐水泥与GK-3000、HJ-12、萘系FDN三种高效减水剂的适应性进行试验研究,在不同品种水泥中掺入不同品种不同用量的高效减水剂,测其减水率及3 min、30 min和60 min后的流动度、坍落度值,得出普通硅酸盐水泥与萘系FDN高效减水剂间适应性良好的结论,并测得该减水剂的平均减水率为19.8%。     

路面早强剂与地维水泥的适应性试验研究

针对重庆地区常用的地维水泥和国内有代表性的几种萘系外加剂产品,进行水泥净浆流动度试验,同时进行混凝土坍落度和强度对比试验,得出几种外加剂对重庆地维水泥的适应程度,并对导致混凝土中外加剂与水泥不相适应的原因及机理进行了探讨和分析.     

高效减水剂与水泥间适应性的研究

在高性能混凝土、商品混凝土中往往会出现高效减水剂与水泥适应性较差的现象,这种现象大多发生在低水胶比、实际用水量较少的高性能混凝土的拌合物中．通过对高效减水剂在不同厂家水泥中的应用研究,来表述对水泥的适应性．通过高效减水剂在不同生产厂家水泥的净浆流动度、不同水泥的砂浆的性能研究表明,与水泥较适应的减水剂在混凝土和砂浆中的掺量较小、强度较高、和易性较好、成本较低;与水泥适应性较差的减水剂,在混凝土和砂浆中的掺量大,成本较高．     

木素磺酸钙对水泥净浆的缓凝机理研究

研究了掺加木素磺酸钙(简称木钙)后水泥净浆液相中钙离子、硫酸根离子和氢氧根离子浓度随水化时间的变化,以及除糖后木素磺酸钙对水泥净浆凝结时间的影响．结果表明,掺加木钙后在水化初期水泥净浆中S042-浓度大幅度上升,OH-浓度变化不大．木钙掺量越大,水泥净浆中游离Ca2 浓度的峰值出现越迟,浆体的初凝时间越长．进一步研究发现木钙的掺加能促进熟料矿物的水解,当木钙掺量为0．5％(质量分数)时,水泥净浆中的总Ca2 浓度峰值比未掺加木钙时增加48％,被络合的Ca2 量峰值较水化开始时增加2倍．在水泥净浆强碱性溶液中木钙的络合能力增强导致Ca(OH)2不能达到过饱和,是造成水泥净浆缓凝的重要原因,木钙对水泥净浆的缓凝机理为“吸附-络合”机理．     

无机激发剂对无熟料高炉矿渣水泥的作用机理及强度效果

无熟料高炉矿渣水泥作为一种新型无机胶凝材料，其水化机理与普通硅酸盐水泥完全不同，因而凝结时间和强度形成也有着很大的差异。本文研究了各种无机激发剂对无熟料高炉矿渣水泥的凝结时间和力学性能的影响。     

水泥固化淤泥质土-砂混合软土的工程特性研究

以井睦高速花岗岩地区的水泥固化淤泥质土-砂混合土为研究对象,通过无侧限抗压强度试验,研究了含砂水泥固化土的工程特性,得出了含砂量和龄期对其强度和变形特性的影响机制.试验结果表明:水泥掺入比一定时,增加含砂量,含砂水泥固化土强度呈峰值点趋势增长,即存在最优含砂量且具有随水泥掺入比增加而增大的内在规律;当水泥掺入比为12%和20%时的最优含砂量分别是30%和40%.水泥固化土的应力应变曲线均存在明显的峰值,属加工软化型;含砂量对其强度和变形特性的作用机制主要是置换作用、团粒化及填充作用、约束作用、减水作用和分散作用,说明采用水泥固化淤泥质土-砂混合软土具有优越性.     

Cementing mechanism of bio-phosphate cement

Cementing mechanism of bio-phosphate cement was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimetry(TG-DSC) analysis and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The results of FTIR and XPS show that Si-O bond and Si(2p) electron binding energy in sandstone cemented via chemical and microbiological methods are changed by the binding effects of barium hydrogen phosphate with quartz sand. Compared with barium hydrogen phosphate precipitated in solution, there were higher decomposition temperatures or melting points in sandstone. The FTIR, XPS, and TG-DSC results indicate that the microbial-induced and chemical precipitation of barium hydrogen phosphate can interact with quartz sand to generate van der Waals bond, which plays a role in the binding function between loose sand particles and barium hydrogen phosphate. SEM results show that barium hydrogen phosphate after chemical precipitation in sandstone has better dispersion than microbiological deposition. Therefore, barium hydrogen phosphate via chemical precipitation did not bind loose sand particles into sandstone.     

Hydration mechanism of sulphoaluminate cement

The feasibility of sulphoaluminate cement (SAC) utilization in support mortar was studied. Setting time and strength of as-received sulphoaluminate cement (SAC) paste were examined, hydration kinetics behavior was determined through Isothermal Calorimeter, and hydration mechanism was investigated by X-Ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis(FSEM). Results showed that as-received SAC contained 61% of anhydrous calcium sulfate (3CA·CaSO4) and dicalcium silicate (C2S). The strength after 1 day or 3 days grew to 68.6% or 85.7% of that after 28 days respectively, while most of hydration heat was released within 1 day. The emergency of three exothermic peaks at acceleration stage was found and hydration kinetics model was established choosing the terminal time of the first exothermic peak at accelerating stage as the beginning of accelerating stage. XRD analysis suggested that large amount of ettringite (AFt) was produced at early age and FSEM observation revealed that ettringite (AFt) formed in sulphoaluminate cement (SAC) paste was characterized of different morphology which was proved to be caused by different ion concentrations.     

掺矿粉水泥的水化机理研究

研究利用在硅酸盐水泥中掺加矿粉来提高水泥的抗折强度,降低脆性,并通过ＴＧ－ＤＴＡ、Ｘ－衍射及ＳＥＭ等微观分析方法对掺矿粉水泥的水化机理进行研究,结果表明,矿粉的掺入不权可以提高水泥的水化程度,增加水泥石的密实度,同时也可以降低水泥石的脆性。     

Hydration mechanism of silica fume-sulphoaluminate cement

Setting time and strength of sulphoaluminate rapid hardening cement （SAC） incorporated in the presence and absence of silica fume （SF） were determined. Combined with the techniques of＂ isothermal calorimeter, XRD and FSEM, the hydration kinetics of the two systems and the effect mechanism of SF on SAC were investigated. The experimental results showed that SF was proved to be beneficial for SAC system, in terms of setting time and late strength gain. Evidence of accelerator effect of silica fume was found during the first 8 hours of hydration. The formation of AFt was accelerated and the microstructure of the hydration products grew denser with incorporation of SF. SF was proved to play the role of dispersion and setting control at early age and had a greater contribution to later strength due to the increment of crystal nucleation point and the pozzolanic activity. Therefore, SF can be used to not only control the hydration kinetics of SAC, but also develop the late strength and improve the microstructure.