英国对国防核设施退役的监管

英国对其国防核设施采取的是外部监管与内部监管并行的方式,退役也是如此。本文简要介绍了英国国防核设施退役的监管格局与模式,相关的背景也有所交代。内、外部监管的联合已经逐步成型,内部监管至少在技术层面上正在向外部监管看齐,融合的趋势已经显现——虽然国防核设施以满足国家安全的需要为首要目的,但其退役及其监管与民用核设施基本上没有本质的差别。     

核电厂退役资金管理

核电厂退役资金问题是核电政策、核电管理、退役管理方面的重要问题之一。文章介绍了国外核电厂退役现状,对国外在核电厂退役费用估算、资金提取和管理、保证资金充分性等方面的实践进行了阐述;在简要分析我国核电厂退役资金管理现状的基础上,提出了当前在退役资金方面需要开展的工作。     

核反应堆退役安全监管要素研究

通过分析核反应堆退役安全特征及存在的主要危害,结合部分已退役项目取得的事故/事件教训和形成的良好实践,提出核反应堆退役过程中的安全监管要素及相关建议,以提升核安全监管的针对性和有效性,促进退役工作的安全实施。     

核设施退役废物管理

强调了核设施退役中产生的放射性废物的良好管理在实现退役总目标方面的重要性,总结了退役废物管理方面的特点,提出我国核设施退役废物管理方面存在的主要问题.     

核设施退役项目档案管理研究

介绍了核设施退役工程档案管理的主要特点、工作现状;对核设施退役工程档案的管理对策进行了研究和探讨.建立统一的核设施退役工程档案管理原则和体系,通过数字化的工程档案管理系统,构建从设计到退役全过程的工程档案,是促进项目文件完整、准确、系统归档,实现核设施退役工程档案管理的规范化和高效率,确保核设施退役工程项目的可追溯性的...     

国营二二一厂核设施退役实践

本文介绍原核工业国营二二一厂的核设施退役实践。文中概述了退役工程的前期准备,退役执行标准或限值,退役工程的组织管理和质量保证体系,退役工程的施工,去污方法,施工辐射监测,污染物处置,终态验收以及退役中的辐射防护等。退役工程经国家验收后,原二二一厂的厂房、设施和场地已经移交青海省安排使用。     

我国核设施退役治理标准化现状及建议

回顾了我国核设施退役治理标准化现状,总结了我国核设施退役治理标准存在的问题,对核设施退役治理标准规划和体系、核设施退役治理管理标准、技术标准以及标准的实施和监督等方面提出了标准化工作的建议。     

“核设施退役监管方法及要求”出访在职培训交流工作

2017年10—12月, 中欧核安全合作二期项目TASK-5“核设施退役监管方法及要求”在西班牙和法国的在职培训交流工作(0JT)顺利结束。由环境保护部(国家核安全局)、环境保护部核与辐射安全中心、RISKAUDIT, IRSN、TECNATOM等相关单位筹办, 通过授课、讨论会、实地访问等形式进行。     

加强核设施退役能力建设,促进厂址无限制开放利用

本文简要分析了我国大型民用核设施退役面临的困难,提出了以下建议,以厂址无限制开放利用为目标,逐步提升安全退役意识;积极完善退役有关法律法规,依法监督,推动安全高效退役;以环境质量为核心,环评为抓手,提升核设施全周期退役环境影响评估要求;牢记安全是核事业的生命线,提升退役安全;开放进取,学习吸收先进的退役技术和监管经验等。     

论退役策略

结合我国核设施退役实际,论述了核设施退役三种策略:立即拆除、延缓拆除和封固埋葬,以及退役策略的选择和一些主要核国家采用的退役策略。最后,对核设施退役策略的一些重要问题进行了讨论。     

核安全监管有效性基本要素研究

解释了核安全监管有效性的基本含义,简要追溯了监管有效性问题的发展历程,论述了核安全监管有效性的重要意义,调研了国际社会在监管有效性方面的研究和实践,讨论了影响监管有效性的外部因素,分析得出了监管有效性的基本要素包括监管的独立性、监管的范围和任务、监管规则、监管工作所能支配的资源、监管过程和监管能力等。分析了我国核安全监管面临的主要问题,并提出了加强监管有效性的建议。     

Regulatory overview of digital I&C system in Taiwan Lungmen Project

The Lungmen Nuclear Power Plant (LMNPP) is currently under construction in Taiwan, which consists of two Advanced Boiling Water Reactor (ABWR) units. The instrumentation and control (I&C) systems of the Lungmen NPS are based on the state-of-the-art modernized fully integrated digital design. The design and architecture of digital systems are inherently different from those of analog systems. We face challenges in areas where there is limited technical guidance and regulatory precedent. This paper presents regulatory overviews, regulatory requirements, current major regulatory issues, as well as the areas of regulatory concerns and the lessons learned on the digital I&C systems in the Lungmen Project.     

地区监督站的核安全监督职责

笔者根据自己多年从事核安全监督管理的实践和学习核安全法规的体会,特别是根据笔者本人在地区核安全监督站的工作经历,阐述了关于我国核安全监督管理体系的某些个人观点.     

加拿大核立法研究

调研并分析了加拿大核立法的进程、核安全监管的法律文件体系、重要的监管文件及其发展规律和特点。对照该国“核安全立法”的特点,总结出值得学习和借鉴的7个方面,如坚持把握核立法发展趋势、坚持核能立法与核安全立法并举和加强防治污染立法等。     

Plans for the future for the Packaging,Transport, Storage and Security of Radioactive Material Journal

Abstract

The regulatory driven design of radioactive material transportation packages leads package vendors to perform analyses that demonstrate the ability of packages to meet the regulatory requirements. For risk assessment and communication, the analysis of package response to thermal environments that are more severe than those described in the regulations is required. In general, experimental and analytical assessments of casks exposed to thermal insults other than the regulatory environment are performed in the USA by the Department of Energy national laboratories. This paper provides a brief summary of some recent thermal analyses of spent fuel transportation packages exposed to thermal environments different from regulatory standards. The analyses were performed by Sandia National Laboratories under several different projects for multiple customers. These analyses examined the response of spent fuel packages exposed to severe thermal environments different from the regulatory hypothetical accident condition. One assessment determined the response of four generic casks to very long duration engulfing fires. The results from these analyses included fire durations necessary to reach critical temperatures of the fuel and seals. In another assessment, two certified spent fuel casks were analysed for exposure to 1 h pool fires. The height of the cask above the pool was varied to study the effect of the vapour dome on the heating of the casks. Another assessment investigated the effect of offset long duration fires on rail cask performance, which showed that casks can withstand offset fires of much longer duration than the regulatory fire. Other assessments examined the response of packages to thermal environments resulting from propane fires and realistic liquid hydrocarbon fires that included various positions of the transportation rail car in the simulation.     

Canadian regulatory approach to ensuring the implementation of effective ageing management programs for nuclear power plants

Effective ageing management is a key element of the strategy for maintaining long-term safety and reliability of nuclear power plants (NPP). This paper presents the Canadian regulatory perspective on managing the ageing of CANDU NPP. This paper looks introspectively at the current level of ageing management effort at Canadian reactor sites, and discusses the need to increase efforts in order to account for the increasing effects of degradation mechanisms. It examines accepted international practice for ageing management, making reference to International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) suggested practice, and goes on to describe the overall Canadian regulatory approach to ageing management, including the development of regulatory requirements for ageing management programs. In conclusion, the paper indicates a path forward involving a proactive ageing management approach.     

核安全监管有效性评价指标研究

在我国核电发展的新形势下,持续加强监管的有效性十分必要。本文介绍了核安全监管有效性的基本概念,研究了IAEA和OECD所建立的核安全监管有效性评价指标体系,并进行了对比分析,提出了有助于加强我国核安全监管有效性的建议:继续完善核安全监管的法律法规和标准体系;加强监管能力建设;建立并实施有效的内部管理体系和内部质量保证体系;推动监管对象维持良好的安全业绩;力Ⅱ强与公众的沟通和互动。     

Licensing requirements for initial commissioning programs in Spain: Application to different PWR designs

This paper describes the overall licensing process in Spain, focusing on the initial commissioning requirements. The significance of this part of the regulatory work is evident both from the licensing and the licensee's points of view.Licensing in Spain is ruled by different laws which determine the general requirements and fix the licensing frame. Being a nuclear technology importer country, the base of the regulatory work lies on the rules and regulations of the country of origin of the plant, with the addition of case specific requirements. The application of this methodology to plants designed in different countries produces licensing processes which are similar in the overall, but very different in its development. It also means a special technical effort on the part of the regulatory body to cope with the problems arising from the use of different technologies and safety standards.The start-up programs from fuel loading to full power of a Westinghouse plant (Vandellós 2) and a Siemens-KWU plant (Trillo 1) are compared from the technical point of view, enhancing the differences that can be relevant for the regulatory work. The difficulties arising from the application of both the German and US concepts are discussed.     

对计划照射中个人剂量约束的理解

基于对计划照射中个人剂量约束概念的理解,讨论了个人剂量约束在公众照射和职业照射中的应用。在计划照射情况下,公众照射的剂量约束值通常由国家监管机构建立或批准;对于职业照射,鼓励在核能行业组织和核能集团内建立职业照射个人剂量约束值,比审管部门规定具体的约束值可能更合适。     

浅析美国核电厂维修监管文件体系

简要介绍了我国核电厂维修相关的执照文件体系,以及核安全监管部门对核电厂维修活动的监管现状,同时分析了美国核管会在健全核电厂维修活动监管体系的过程中发布或认可的几个重要文件,并对完善我国核电厂维修监管体系提出了一点建议。