没食子酸对高蛋白中间水分食品品质的影响

高蛋白中间水分食品因其富含大量的蛋白质与还原糖,在加工及贮藏过程中易发生美拉德反应易产生有害的晚期糖基化终末产物(AGEs),进而降低了食品的品质及安全性。为抑制食品中美拉德反应的进行,本研究在食品模型体系中加入四组不同量浓度的没食子酸,测定了各添加量和各贮藏时间下样品的美拉德反应程度、质构、色度、蛋白质的溶解度以及AGEs的荧光强度。结果表明,在30℃下,添加没食子酸抗氧化剂能够阻止贮藏过程中高蛋白中间水分食品的美拉德反应的进行,并抑制AGEs的形成;但其对食品的硬度及蛋白的溶解度没有明显的作用,且会加深食品的色泽,带来不利的影响。综合各组测定指标,当没食子酸添加量浓度为100μg/g时,最有利于高蛋白中间水分食品模型的贮藏。      

高蛋白中间水分食品贮藏过程中品质和AGEs含量的变化

通过改变贮藏环境的水分活度和添加外源抗氧化剂白藜芦醇到高蛋白食品模型体系中,评价不同白藜芦醇用量、水分活度和贮藏时间对食品美拉德反应程度、质构、颜色、可溶和不可溶性蛋白聚集等指标的影响。结果表明,高蛋白食品在水分活度0.560的环境中贮藏时,美拉德反应、硬度和不可溶性蛋白聚集呈现不断增加趋势,晚期糖基化终末产物（AGEs）含量较水分活度0.751时明显增加;白藜芦醇的添加可降低食品贮藏过程中的美拉德反应程度,增加食品颜色的L*值,降低b*值和a*值;综合各组测定指标,水分活度0.751、白藜芦醇用量500 μg/g时,30 ℃条件下贮藏的高蛋白中间水分食品模型的品质及安全性最优;水分迁移是导致高蛋白食品贮藏过程中蛋白聚集和质地硬化的主要原因。     

不需解冻的冷冻与中间水分食品

介绍了不需解冻的冷冻和中间水分食品 ,如冷冻发泡稀奶油、糕点、蛋糕、冷甜食、布丁和蛋糕面糊等。通过控制配料中的水分含量 (在 10 %～ 4 0 %之间 )和水分活度 (在 0 .9以下 ) ,并添加合适的溶质 ,采用不需解冻的冷冻工艺 ,即可生产出理想的产品     

食品贮藏中水分的转移

<正>食品的水分转移不同于水分蒸发,水分蒸发是指食品中的水气化挥发,食品的含水量减小,重量减轻;而水分转移是水分在食品之间的传递,可分为两种情况:一种是在     

应用FRAP技术研究高蛋白中间水分食品体系中的分子迁移

文中构建了酪蛋白酸钠和浓缩乳蛋白这2种高蛋白中间水分食品模型体系,并采用荧光漂白恢复技术对模型体系在贮藏过程中微观结构变化以及分子迁移运动等进行观察。实验结果表明:高蛋白中间水分模型体系的荧光恢复率与蛋白的种类和贮藏时间有关,其中,浓缩乳蛋白模型体系较酪蛋白酸钠模型体系的荧光强度恢复迅速,且随着贮藏时间的延长,这2种模型体系的荧光强度恢复率呈逐渐减缓的趋势。由此可见,高蛋白中间水分食品在贮藏前期体系中小分子在热力学牵引下发生迁移运动有可能进一步导致体系微结构及质地的改变。     

核磁共振技术在食品中水分迁移状况的研究现状

研究水分在食品中的含量和分布,以及各种条件下水分迁移的机理和影响因素,对提高食品的品质和延长食品的保质期均有积极意义。核磁共振技术作为一种无损、快速、准确的研究方法,是研究食品中水分迁移状况的有效技术手段。对核磁共振技术在检测食品中水分含量及其分布,在加水、干燥、储藏条件下水分迁移和探究水分迁移机理的研究现状进行了归纳总结,展望核磁共振技术对食品研究的推动作用。     

等温水分活度及其对低水分食品中微生物抗热性的影响研究进展

水分活度（Water activity，a_w）是定义低水分食品（a_{w,25 ℃}<0.85）的关键指标，对低水分食品（LMFs）中微生物的抗热性起着决定性的作用。食品的水分活度受到食品组分、质构等的影响，并且与温度密切相关，在温度改变时呈现不同的变化趋势，是典型的温度依赖型指标。等温水分活度（a_w,T）反映了食品在高温灭菌过程中的实时水分活度，其准确测定或推算有助于学者量化低水分食品中微生物抗热性指标，进而设计、验证、完善相关热灭菌工艺。但商业化的水分活度仪只能测量低温区间（20~50 ℃），人们对高温区间（>55 ℃）的水分活度还了解甚少。本文首先介绍了低水分食品微生物安全及其抗热性指标，然后对等温水分活度的定义、检测方法、模型预测、影响因素及其对微生物抗热性的影响研究进行综述。等温水分活度的认知与测定有利于食品企业降低低水分食品的微生物污染程度，保障消费者食品安全。     

植物性食品原料水分含量检测研究进展

综述了植物性食品原料水分含量检测方法的研究概况,分析了水分含量检测装置、优缺点及应用,总结了水分含量检测在不同类型植物性食品原料中的应用,突出了热风干燥法、微波法、卡尔费休法、绝干氮气吹扫法、光谱技术以及成像技术的优势,并展望了植物性食品原料水分含量检测未来发展的方向。     

水分活性与食品保存的关系

水分活性(AW)是指密闭容器中食品的水蒸气压力(P)与相同温度时纯水蒸气压(P_0)之比,其数值等于食品相对平衡湿度(ERH)的1/100: AW:P/P_0=ERH/100……(1) AW,实际上是食品中所含水分的自由度。它是能否发生化学反应和微生物能否生长的     

高压电场对食品水分蒸发速度的影响

食品经过高压电场处理,其水分蒸发速度是否减慢? 电场对食品水分蒸发速度的影响与什么因素有关?作用机理为何? 本文就这些问题进行探讨。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the