一种散斑模式的噪声统计模型与自适应滤波方法

本文介绍了一种实际散斑模式的数学模型和噪声统计模型，并提出了一种针对这种模型的自适应次优滤波方法。文中在分析了散斑模式及其噪声性质的基础上，利用其局部方向性特征，结合最优线性滤波器和非线性滤波器的特点，对线性最小均方误差滤波器进行了自适应逼近，实验结果表明，对散斑模式而言，本文的滤波方法与其它常用的图象滤波方法相比，具有更好的去噪和边缘保护性能，并且具有较好的滤波韧性。     

激光主动探测图像散斑自适应滤波抑制方法研究

激光主动照明成像具有作用距离远、系统分辨率高、可在低照度背景等复杂环境下获取目标图像等优点,但探测图像会受散斑噪声干扰.把高斯滤波、均值滤波和自适应滤波方法分别应用到仿真实验中进行散斑噪声抑制,实验表明:与高斯滤波和均值滤波相比,自适应滤波能有效抑制图像噪声,保留图像的边缘和细节信息.利用自适应滤波方法对获取的单帧和多帧累加平均的激光主动探测图像进行散斑抑制实验,使用散斑对比度进行定量分析,结果表明多帧短曝光图像累加平均可有效抑制图像的散斑噪声,自适应滤波可进一步降低图像的散斑噪声.     

基于模糊系统的散斑噪声滤波器

为了能有效滤除散斑噪声,提出了一种以模糊系统为基础的散斑噪声滤波器。这种滤波器包括了一个模糊推理系统,一个边缘检测和膨胀模块和一个图像合成器。模糊推理系统包括5个输入和1个输出,负责对散斑噪声图像进行滤波处理,其参数通过克隆选择优化算法训练优化得到。边缘检测和膨胀模块用于区分图像的边缘区域和光滑区域,图像合成器则是根据边缘检测和膨胀模块获取的信息分区域对滤波输出图像进行合成。文中将该方法与其他几种常用的散斑噪声滤除方法进行了比较,实验结果表明,与其他方法相比该方法可以显着减少图像的散斑噪声,同时保留边缘、细节等有价值的信息。     

基于多级非线性加权平均中值滤波算法的散斑噪声抑制

文中根据斑点的统计性质对多级中值滤波器进行改进,提出了一种用于散斑噪声抑制 的多级非线性加权平均中值滤波算法,实验结果证明了本文算法优于Lee 滤波算法、F. safa 算法和权重形态滤波器,它既保持了图像的几何特征,又有效地抑制了图像中的斑点噪声。     

鲁棒频域样条优先自适应滤波算法及性能分析

样条自适应滤波结构由线性滤波器和样条插值机制级联组成，是解决Wiener-Hammerstein模型系统辨识的一类有效方案。在非线性系统辨识问题中，随着滤波器阶数增加，将增大时域样条自适应滤波算法的计算复杂度，造成计算效率的降低，且系统附加的非Gaussian噪声会对最小均方算法的样条自适应滤波器性能造成不良影响，导致算法的性能恶化甚至失效。为处理非Gaussian噪声干扰和提高长脉冲响应系统辨识的计算效率，本文结合最大熵准则和频域策略应用于样条自适应滤波器中，并在样条自适应滤波结构中分别采用不同的误差信号对线性部分和非线性部分进行优化，提出了一种鲁棒频域样条优先自适应滤波算法。该算法在滤波前利用非线性系统辨识的不变性原理对未知系统进行优先的有限脉冲响应辨识，可提高非线性系统辨识的精度；通过最大熵准则使算法在非Gaussian噪声环境下具有稳健性，以降低更新过程对大异常值的敏感性；并将线性卷积和线性相关运算通过重叠存储的快速Fourier变换方式进行计算，显著提升了算法的计算效率。此外，本文对所提出的自适应算法进行了收敛性和稳态性能分析，并推导出该算法的理论稳态额外均方误差。最后，通过...     

麦克风阵列的协同自适应滤波语音增强方法

在麦克风阵列语音增强方法中,传统的广义旁瓣抵消器在处理存在显著脉冲噪声的语音信号时效果较差。为提高在脉冲噪声干扰下的语音信号增强效果,提出一种麦克风阵列的协同自适应滤波语音增强方法。该方法采用协同自适应滤波取代线性自适应滤波,基于NLMS算法导出了滤波器权值和协同因子的自适应更新算法。仿真实验结果表明,所提方法能有效地消除掉语音信号的脉冲噪声和高斯噪声,克服线性自适应滤波对非线性脉冲噪声的不敏感性,比广义旁瓣抵消器效果优越很多。     

噪声图象滤波的稳健混合M滤波器

本文提出一种在空间域根据采集图象局部统计特性和相关信息进行噪声滤波算法─稳健混合M型滤波器．该滤波算法不仅能有效地抑制各种图象噪声分量，而且克服线性滤波算法引起的边缘模糊和细节损失，保持图象边缘和几何结构。选择中值做参考信号有效地改善图象的信噪比和对比度，使滤波后图象具有良好的视觉效果．同CS滤波器、HDMF滤波器、DWMTMF滤波器、自适应L滤波器性能相比较，本文提出的方法在滤波、边缘保持等方面有突出的优点。     

基于小波变换的ESPI图像去噪及边缘提取

电子散斑干涉条纹的强噪声特性使其信噪比过低,常用的图像滤波方法对于散斑干涉条纹都存在一定的不足。针对散斑条纹的特点,建立了自适应滤波与小波变换相结合的组合迭代滤波方法。在对散斑条纹预处理基础上,通过选择不同的小波函数以及更改分解层次和函数中的阈值达到不同的滤波效果。经反复试验,对于不同的小波基,采用4层分解,阈值为0.15～0.3时与自适应滤波的迭代效果最好。在滤波的基础上对图像进行了二值化,并采用Sobel算子对其进行边缘提取,最终得到电子散斑干涉条纹的边缘分布图。结果表明,该方法可以有效消除条纹图中的散斑噪声,并且条纹的边缘得以较好的保留。     

神经网络用于相关噪声的自适应抵消

本文提出了一种在自适应噪声抵消器中应用模拟神经网络计算自适应线性滤波器权值的方法，权值的计算时间随线性滤波器的阶数的增加而减小。由于神经网络的实时处理能力。该网络可以用于愉速的噪声抵消。当噪声的自相关时间较线性滤波抽头的总地时间为小时时，此时的神经网络相当于一细胞神经网络，这就大大简化了该网络ＶＬＳＩ的实施。本文最后给出了实例模拟。结果令人十分满意。     

基于非线性加权均值的多方向广义形态滤波算法的Speckle噪声抑制

本文提出了一种新的用于散斑噪声抑制的非线性加权均值多方向广义形态滤波算法。对实际激光雷达图像处理结果表明:本文算法具备了小波阈值算法图像边缘保持好和局部统计滤波算法散斑噪声抑制能力强的优点,在算法复杂度降低的前提下具有了与F.Safa的改进算法(广义并行加权多方向形态滤波算法)相当的效果,即有效地抑制了散斑噪声,又保持了图像的几何结构。     

A STATISTICAL NOISE MODEL AND MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF SPECKLE PATTERN AND ADAPTIVE FILTERING APPROACH

A statistical noise model and a mathematical model for real speckle pattern are presented in this paper, and then, in view of the models, a new adaptive suboptimal image filtering approach is proposed. The proposed approach, with the local direction features of speckle pattern, combines the characteristics of optimal linear filter with non-linear filter and is an adaptive approximation to linear minimum mean square error filter. Experimental results show that the proposed approach has fairly good edge-preserved performance, compared with other present image filters, as well as much better filtering performance and robustness for speckle pattern.     

Two-dimensional adaptive block Kalman filtering of SAR imagery

A method for removing speckle from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery by using 2-D adaptive block Kalman filtering is introduced. The image process is represented by an autoregressive model with a nonsymmetric half-plane (NSHP) region of support. New 2-D Kalman filtering equations are derived which taken into account not only the effect of speckles as multiplicative noise but also the effects of the additive receiver thermal noise and the blur. This method assumes local stationarity within a processing window, whereas the image can be assumed to be globally nonstationary. A recursive identification process using the stochastic Newton approach is also proposed which can be used on-line to estimate the filter parameters based upon the information within each new block of the image. Simulation results on several images are provided to indicate the effectiveness of the proposed method when used to remove the effects of speckle noise as well as those of the additive noise     

基于数学形态学与自适应的超声医学图像滤波方法的研究

超声医学成像作为主要的医学影像技术之一,因其对人体无伤害、实时、价格便宜和使用方便等优点已广泛应用于临床.然而,在成像过程中形成的特有的图像斑点,使得对比度弱的人体软组织中的正常组织和病变组织不易区分,给临床诊断和医学研究带来不便.针对医学超声图像的特点,在研究了几种常用滤波方法后,提出一种自适应中值滤波和形态滤波结合的新方法,并做了实验验证.实验方法是:首先对所选择的医学超声图像施加瑞利噪声,然后采用中值滤波、自适应中值滤波的方法对被污染的图像进行去噪处理,接下来先采用自适应中值滤波对图像进行预处理,抑制斑点噪声,保留必要细节,再采用数学形态学方法进行二次滤波和增强对比度,进一步改善图像质量.最后从去噪图像和评价指标上对三种滤波去噪方法进行了比较.实验证明,新方法优于其他方法.     

自适应调节滤波强度的SAR图像非局部平均抑斑算法

为提升对SAR图像乘性相干斑的抑制水平与边缘保护性能,该文提出了一种可自适应调节滤波强度(AFS)的SAR图像非局部平均(NLM)抑斑新算法(AFS-NLM)。该算法利用Frost滤波图像计算的局部均值与方差来改善SAR图像场景参量的估计,形成了一种能更好刻画SAR图像同质区与边缘区的改进Kuan滤波系数。利用局部均值比与改进Kuan滤波系数分别作为新的相似性测量参量与自适应衰减因子,构建了一种更适应SAR图像乘性噪声特性的改进NLM滤波。利用偏平滑参数与偏边缘保护参数控制下的改进NLM滤波,分别替代经典Kuan滤波模型中的像素局部均值与自身灰度值作为加权项,并采用由改进Kuan滤波系数构建的自适应调节因子对二者进行加权平均,从而形成了一种可自适应调节滤波强度的加权滤波新模型。实验表明,该文算法与近期多种先进算法相比,具有更好的相干斑抑制与边缘保护性能。     

An adaptive speckle suppression filter for medical ultrasonic imaging

An adaptive smoothing technique for speckle suppression in medical B-scan ultrasonic imaging is presented. The technique is based on filtering with appropriately shaped and sized local kernels. For each image pixel, a filtering kernel, which fits to the local homogeneous region containing the processed pixel, is obtained through a local statistics based region growing technique. The performance of the proposed filter has been tested on the phantom and tissue images. The results show that the filter effectively reduces the speckle while preserving the resolvable details. The simulation results are presented in a comparative way with two existing speckle suppression methods.     

基于Nakagami分布的自适应斑点抑制与边缘增强方法

超声图像中的特殊斑点噪声严重影响了图像质量,针对此问题提出了一种基于Nakagami分布的自适应斑点抑制与边缘增强方法.根据斑点噪声的Nakagami分布模型,设计一个基于斑点局部统计特性的自适应滤波器.并应用"窄条"技术以不同方向与长度的"窄条"来近似图像的局部线性特性,滤波区域采用"窄条"代替常用的方形窗口,其中"窄条"的方向由假设试验优化方法确定,"窄条"长度与斑点的局部统计特性相关.实验证明,该方法在抑制斑点噪声、保留与增强图像边缘和细节方面均具有良好的性能.     

改进权值算法在物联网噪声过滤中应用

提出了一种自适应线性权值算法过滤传感网散粒噪声,算法首先提取散粒噪声的特征参数,然后对参数进行线性迭代变换,计算获得自适应权值参数,从而有效实现对散粒噪声的过滤。实验结果表明,该算法能过滤传感网中的散粒噪声,且效果良好。     

Speckle filtering of SAR images based on adaptive windowing

Speckle noise usually occurs in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images owing to coherent processing of SAR data. The most well-known image domain speckle filters are the adaptive filters using local statistics such as the mean and standard deviation. The local statistics filters adapt the filter coefficients based on data within a fixed running window. In these schemes, depending on the window size, there exists trade-off between the extent of speckle noise suppression and the capability of preserving fine details. The authors propose a new adaptive windowing algorithm for speckle noise suppression which solves the problem of window size associated with the local statistics adaptive filters. In the algorithm, the window size is automatically adjusted depending on regional characteristics to suppress speckle noise as much as possible while preserving fine details. Speckle noise suppression gets stronger in homogeneous regions as the window size increases succeedingly. In fine detail regions, by reducing the window size successively, edges and textures are preserved. The fixed-window filtering schemes and the proposed one are applied to both a simulated SAR image and an ERS-1 SAR image to demonstrate the excellent performance of the proposed adaptive windowing algorithm for speckle noise     

Biased motion-adaptive temporal filtering for speckle reduction in echocardiography

Describes a new fully motion-adaptive spatio-temporal filtering technique to reduce the speckle in ultrasound images. The advantages of this approach are demonstrated in echocardiographic boundary detection and in comparison with other techniques. The first stage of many automated echocardiographic image interpretation schemes is filtering to reduce the amount of speckle noise. The authors show how the two-dimensional least mean squares (TDLMS) filter can be configured as a motion-compensated filter for a time sequence of ultrasound images that eliminates the blurring associated with direct averaging. For an image corrupted by multiplicative speckle noise, the mode of the intensity distribution approximates the maximum likelihood estimator. In consequence, the temporal filter's output is biased towards the mode from the mean, using information contained within the speckle itself. A new adaptive algorithm for controlling the filter's convergence is also included. To evaluate performance, application to simulated, phantom, and an in vivo test sequence of the carotid artery are considered in comparison with other techniques. The effect of filtering on edges is of great importance, as these are used by subsequent image interpretation schemes. Quantitative measurements demonstrate the effectiveness of the Biased TDLMS filter, for both noise reduction and edge preservation. Echocardiographic images have a high noise content and suffer from poor contrast. Despite this challenging environment, the Biased TDLMS filter is shown to produce images that are better inputs for subsequent feature extraction. The benefits for echocardiographic images are highlighted by considering the problems of mitral valve analysis and extraction of the left atrium boundary.