酸浆枸杞酒的研制

以酸浆、枸杞为原料,经过成分调整、酒精发酵等工艺制得酸浆枸杞酒,通过正交试验确定最佳发酵工艺为：酒精发酵温度22℃,枸杞与酸浆配比为15：85,酵母接种量5％,发酵液含酸量为5g/L。采用皂土0．20％和明胶0．020％澄清时,透光率最大,澄清效果最好。     

安琪超级酿酒干酵母在酒精浓醪发酵中的应用

采用安琪超级酿酒干酵母，以玉米、木薯为原料的酒精浓醪发酵，最佳工艺条件为：①液化条件：耐高温α-淀粉酶10～20μ／g，60～70℃润料30min，90～95℃液化90min；②糖化条件：糖化酶100～200u／g，无糖化；③pH：4．0～5．0；④发酵温度：30～35℃；⑤酵母接种量：实验室小试接种量为原料的0．2％，中试接种量0．05％～0．1％，大生产接种量在0．02％～0．05％。采用双酶法连续发酵工艺，要求原料粉碎细，料水比适当（1：2．3～2．5）。（小凡）     

枸杞枣醋的研制

利用枣制品下脚料枣液和枸杞通过酶解、酵母发酵、醋酸发酵等工艺研制了枸杞枣保健醋。通过正交实验确定了酵母发酵最佳工艺为总糖含量10％，酵母接种量0．02％，发酵温度30℃；醋酸发酵最佳工艺为糖液：麸皮：稻糠砣=3：3，发酵温度43℃，醋酸菌接种量0．3％，枸杞液占糖液比例为20％。生产的果醋枣香浓郁，营养丰富。     

凝固型桑葚酸奶的研制

以桑葚、脱脂乳为原料，白砂糖、稳定剂等为辅料，采用驯化的保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌进行发酵研制酸奶。实验表明最佳配方是白砂糖4％，桑葚：奶=1：7，接种量8％，明胶0．25％；采用0．20％抗坏血酸护色，83℃、30min杀菌条件，于42℃发酵240min可以制得营养丰富，气味纯正，酸甜可口，具有保健功能的凝固型桑葚酸奶。     

枸杞菊花胡萝卜复合饮料的研制

研究了以枸杞、菊花、胡萝卜为原料生产复合保健饮料的工艺。通过对原料浸提条件及饮料配方的优选试验，筛选出枸杞汁、菊花汁、胡萝卜汁的浸提条件分别为：料水比1：15、1：30、1：1．5；浸出时间3．5h、30min、80min；浸提温度70℃、90℃、55℃。饮料的最佳配方为：枸杞汁6．0％、菊花汁7．7％、胡萝卜汁10．3％、乙基麦芽酚0．015％、柠檬酸0．1％、白砂糖6％、黄原胶0．1％。开发出一种营养丰富、酸甜适口，具有枸杞、菊花香味、稳定性较好、对视力具有保健作用的新型饮料。     

板栗果酒生产工艺研究

以板栗为原料，采用液态法发酵生产板栗果酒，结果表明，栗仁：水为1：4，用0．2％SO2护色，浆液灭酶10min，75℃糊化30～40min，添加25％自配复合糖化酶，65℃糖化60min，70℃至碘液反应完全，接种0．2‰酵母，在25℃主发酵6-7d，经陈酿、澄清、调配可得到色、香、味俱佳的优质板栗果酒。     

桑果醋发酵工艺研究

以桑果、糯米为原料，采用液态发酵法，酿制风味独特、营养丰富的桑果醋。通过对桑果汁压榨、浸提、澄清和酒精发酵、醋酸发酵等工艺的研究，确定桑果汁酶解澄清的最佳方案是：果胶酶添加量为0．035％、淀粉酶0．014%、明胶0．018％、硅溶胶0．018％；确定主要工艺参数为：酒精发酵阶段桑果清汁：糯米糖化醪=2：1，接种量5％，25℃发酵72h，酒精浓度6．0％，醋酸发酵阶段温度为33℃-35℃，接种量6．0％，起始pH6．0，500mL三角瓶装液量100mL，在转速140r／min条件下振荡培养72h左右，得到的成品醋酸度适宜，口感、风味良好。     

红枣乳酸发酵饮料的研制

以红枣为原料，经乳酸发酵制成发酵饮料。通过对产品的工艺条件进行试验，得出枣浆最佳发酵条件为：接种量5％，发酵温度42℃，培养时间6h，乳糖1％，蔗糖12％；稳定剂添加量为：琼脂0.15％，黄原胶0．09％，海藻酸钠0．06％，杀菌条件：温度85℃，时间10min，最终使饮料的pH值调到3．7。     

果肉型半发酵苹果饮品的研究

试验以苹果为原料，经复合酶发酵制成发酵饮料。该饮料产品口味独特，既有发酵酒精的酒香，又有苹果的特殊香气；产品外观为诱人的浅黄色或金黄色。通过对产品的工艺条件进行试验，得出苹果汁最佳发酵条件为：接种量0．7％（以苹果汁计，以下相同），发酵温度30℃，发酵时间1d，白砂糖40％，Vc0.15％；稳定剂添加量为：黄原胶0．06％。海藻酸钠0．03％，羧甲基纤维素钠0．06％；杀菌条件：温度85℃，时间30min。     

番茄保健饮料的研制

以番茄为原料，用经驯化的嗜酸乳杆菌发酵制成乳酸发酵番茄饮料。通过正交试验和感观评定．确定了最佳工艺参数：接种量6％、发酵温度37℃、培养时间12h、蔗糖5％；复合稳定荆0．22％；杀菌条件85℃．15min.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the