等离子喷涂WC—Co涂层的磨料磨损

采用等离子喷涂方法在真空和大气环境下喷涂制备了不同Ｃｏ基含量的ＷＣ－Ｃｏ涂层，用橡胶轮磨损试验机进行高应力和低应力磨料磨损试验，并对涂层的相结构及磨损机理进行了研究，结果表明：真空喷涂涂层的耐磨性明显优于大气中喷涂涂层的耐磨性，涂层的耐磨性主要取决于涂层的致密程度和涂层中的相，而与涂层硬度的关系不是太大，等离子喷涂ＷＣ－Ｃｏ涂层的磨损机理是在低应力磨料磨损情况下硬度低的富Ｃｏ区先磨损，硬度高的ＷＣ     

La_2O_3稀土对激光熔覆WC/Ni基复合涂层性能改善的研究

向WC陶瓷镍基合金粉末中添加不同质量分数的La2O3粉末制成混合粉末,采用大功率半导体激光器通过同轴送粉方式,在A3钢基材上制备熔覆层。利用SEM、EDAX、XRD分析研究了不同稀土加入量对熔覆层显微组织和相结构的影响,用显微硬度计、滑动摩擦磨损试验机分别测试了复合涂层的硬度、耐磨性。结果表明:由于稀土的加入,复合涂层的晶粒进一步细化,组织趋向均匀,硬度和耐磨性得到了提高,最终得出涂层粉末的最佳配比为(质量分数)59%Ni60,40%WC,1.0%La2O3。     

纳米WC增强Ni基合金喷熔层组织结构与抗磨粒磨损特性

目的研究纳米WC对Ni基合金喷熔层抗磨粒磨损性能的影响。方法采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射分析了氧乙炔火焰喷熔Ni基合金层和两种不同结构WC增强Ni基合金喷熔层的微观组织和相结构,并通过磨粒磨损试验平台对三种涂层进行磨损性能测试。结果纳米WC粉末的加入,能有效提高喷熔层的宏观硬度。通过组织分析得出纳米WC增强Ni基喷熔层中除含有γ-(Ni,Cr)固溶体、Cr的碳化物、硼化物以及微米级WC颗粒之外,还含有一定量的纳米WC团聚体和少量高硬度的W_2C相。磨粒磨损实验结果显示,纳米WC增强Ni基喷熔层的磨损失重分别为Ni60和NiWC35涂层失重的56%和73%。对比磨损后涂层的表面微观形貌可知,纳米WC颗粒在涂层中能有效降低磨粒压入喷熔层的深度,从而控制磨粒对喷熔层的犁削量。结论纳米WC增强Ni基合金喷熔层中含有的γ-(Cr,Ni)固溶体、Cr_(23)C_6、Cr_7C_3、Cr_3Ni_2及未熔化的WC颗粒和WC脱碳形成的W_2C等硬质相,使镍基自熔合金涂层的硬度有较大提高,同时也大大提高了涂层的抗磨粒磨损性能。     

20Cr2Ni4A钢表面WC增强铁基涂层耐磨性能的研究

目的 制备优异的耐磨性涂层用于机械零部件表面,可有效地提高其使用寿命,减少机械设备因磨损失效而带来的各类故障.方法 以20Cr2Ni4A合金钢为基体材料,利用激光熔覆技术,制备了铁基涂层和铁基/WC复合涂层.采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、HV-1000显微维氏硬度计,分别对铁基涂层和...     

掺杂镍对镁合金表面冷喷涂锌基涂层性能的影响

目的研究镍添加对冷喷涂锌基涂层耐蚀性的影响,为镁合金提供有效的防护涂层。方法采用低压冷喷涂技术在镁合金基体表面分别制备锌基和锌/镍基复合涂层,通过微观观察、摩擦磨损实验、电化学极化法和电化学阻抗谱测试及全浸泡腐蚀试验,研究镁合金表面冷喷涂涂层的结构、摩擦磨损行为和耐蚀性。结果镁合金表面冷喷涂锌基涂层后,其硬度和耐磨性得到显著提高,掺镍后的锌/镍基涂层具有更高的硬度和耐磨性。锌基和锌/镍基涂层均能为镁合金提供腐蚀防护,锌/镍基涂层比锌基涂层具有更好的耐蚀性。相对镁合金来说,锌基涂层和锌/镍基涂层的自腐蚀电位分别正移了260 mV和560 mV;长期腐蚀后锌/镍基涂层形成了更致密的腐蚀产物膜,腐蚀电阻显著高于锌基涂层。结论冷喷涂锌基和锌/镍复合涂层均能对镁合金提供防护作用,掺杂镍后的锌/镍基复合涂层具有更高的硬度、耐磨性和耐蚀性。     

感应钎涂金刚石/镍基合金复合涂层的性能

以45钢为基体,采用感应钎涂工艺在其表面制备金刚石/镍基合金复合涂层,通过洛氏硬度计、磨粒磨损试验机对涂层进行硬度和耐磨性测试,采用超景深显微镜、扫描电子显微镜对涂层、钎料和金刚石形貌进行观察,采用EDS对金刚石表面微区进行成分分析,初步研究了复合涂层的微观形貌、磨损规律及机制. 结果表明,金刚石颗粒在镍基合金复合涂层中弥散分布,与钎料合金实现了良好的冶金结合. 随着金刚石含量增加,可显著提高复合涂层的硬度及耐磨性. 当金刚石质量分数为20%时,涂层的宏观硬度达到63 HRC,较纯钎料涂层提高1.5倍;在相同的磨损试验条件下,纯钎料涂层的磨损失重为0.335 4 g,金刚石含量为20%的复合涂层磨损失重为0.097 9 g,仅为纯钎料涂层的29.2%.     

激光重熔等离子喷涂WC颗粒增强镍基涂层组织及高温磨损性能

为了提高等离子喷涂WC颗粒增强镍基涂层的性能,采用激光重熔工艺对涂层进行处理,研究了激光重熔对涂层微观组织和性能的影响．用扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）和显微硬度计分析了涂层表面形貌、微观结构、相组成和显微硬度,同时对涂层的高温摩擦磨损特性进行了考察．结果表明,激光重熔消除了等离子喷涂层的层片状结构、孔隙等缺陷,涂层致密度提高;另外在激光高能量密度作用下,WC颗粒部分熔化,并在周围析出枝晶结构．激光重熔处理后涂层的显微硬度明显提高,其磨损性能也显著高于原等离子喷涂层．     

Ti-Al-N 涂层的组织结构与摩擦学性能

目的采用多元等离子体注入与沉积(MPIIID)技术制备Ti-Al-N涂层,系统研究涂层的微观组织结构、力学性能与摩擦学特性。方法借助XRD,XPS,SEM和TEM等,观察分析Ti-Al-N涂层的微观组织结构与物相组成,采用纳米压入试验仪、布氏硬度试验仪、摩擦磨损试验仪和激光共聚焦显微镜等测试分析Ti-Al-N涂层的力学性能、膜基结合力和摩擦磨损性能。结果 Ti-Al-N涂层表现出较高的膜-基结合强度。Al元素掺杂诱发Ti-Al-N涂层发生严重晶格畸变。当Al原子数分数为6.18%时,Ti-Al-N涂层以c-TiAlN相结构为主,表现出超高硬度(达到39.83 GPa);随着Al元素含量增加,涂层中的软质h-TiAlN相结构增多,硬度随之下降。摩擦试验结果表明,低Al含量Ti-Al-N涂层的抗磨损能力良好,其主要磨损机制为磨粒磨损;高Al含量Ti-Al-N涂层的抗磨损能力较差,其主要磨损机制倾向粘着磨损。结论 MPIIID技术成功实现了Ti-Al-N涂层的低温制备与成分调控,低Al含量的Ti-Al-N涂层具有优良的力学性能和优异的抗磨损能力。     

微米WC增强Ni60合金高频感应熔覆涂层耐磨性能

采用高频感应熔覆方法在Q235低碳钢基体上制备了不同含量的微米WC增强Ni60A合金复合涂层.用MLS-225型湿砂橡胶轮磨粒磨损试验机评价了涂层的耐磨性能,利用SEM,XRD观察并分析了涂层的显微组织和磨损表面形貌.结果表明,在相同试验条件下,涂层的硬度和耐磨性随WC含量的增加而提高,当WC含量少于30%时,WC分布不均匀,主要集中于涂层的中部,涂层中Cr7C3相以粗大的六方状和长条状存在,不利于涂层耐磨性的提高;当WC含量达到50%时,Ni基合金中加入WC的含量达到了合适比例,耐磨性最佳,相对耐磨性为Ni60A涂层的6.5倍;当WC含量达到60%时,涂层的硬度最高,但出现了较多的孔洞,大量未熔的WC颗粒在磨粒的反复作用下剥落形成了大的剥落坑,导致耐磨性下降.涂层与基体实现了冶金结合,涂层的磨损机制主要为轻微的塑性切削和硬质相的脆性剥落.     

保温时间对Ti/TiN/TiCN涂层结构、残余应力及耐磨性的影响

目的 改善镁合金表面硬度和耐磨性能。方法 采用磁控溅射法在AZ31表面制备复合Ti/TiN/TiCN涂层,在不同保温时间下对沉积后的复合涂层进行退火处理。借助X射线荧光光谱(XRF)测试复合涂层表面平均元素含量,采用X射线小角掠入射(GIXRD)技术研究涂层物相组成和残余应力,利用扫描电镜(SEM)观察涂层表面形貌和磨痕形貌,借助销盘式摩擦磨损试验机和纳米压痕仪评估涂层的耐磨性能。结果 退火涂层的晶粒尺寸增加,内部缺陷减少,涂层更致密,残余应力显著下降。退火前后涂层的物相均为FCC的TiCN,不同保温时间下的涂层具有不同的择优生长取向。随着保温时间的延长,涂层表面Ti、C含量先增后减,N元素含量先减后增,涂层表面硬度下降,摩擦因数增大,耐磨性能下降。沉积涂层的韧性较好,摩擦因数波动较大,磨损机制以刮擦磨损为主。退火30 min后,涂层的磨损率最低,磨损机制以磨粒磨损和黏着磨损为主。退火90 min后,涂层的磨痕最宽,韧性最差,磨损率最高,磨损机制以磨粒磨损和氧化磨损为主。结论 退火有助于降低残余应力,但退火时间不宜过长,时间超过30 min,涂层的耐磨性能下降。     

H13钢的铁基和钴基熔覆层组织与耐磨性

采用激光熔覆技术在AISI H13 热作模具钢表面分别制备了铁基熔覆层、钴基熔覆层. 借助金相显微镜、扫描电镜、洛氏硬度计和高温摩擦磨损试验机,对比分析了两种熔覆层的组织形貌、硬度和耐磨性. 采用马弗炉进行加热600 ℃,保温1 h,反复4 次,并测得红硬性硬度. 结果表明,基材、铁基、钴基熔覆层硬度分别为HRC 47,HRC 52,HRC 48. 基材和铁基熔覆层的红硬性硬度有所下降,而钴基熔覆层的红硬性硬度提升. 钴基熔覆层磨损失重量和摩擦系数皆最小. 基材、铁基熔覆层、钴基熔覆层的磨损机理分别是以磨粒磨损、粘着磨损以及粘着磨损和磨粒磨损为主.     

Laser cladding of Ni-based alloy on stainless steel

The coatings on a stainless steel substrate were conducted by laser cladding of Ni-based alloy, using a 5 kW continuous wave CO2 flow transverse laser. SEM, EDX and X-ray diffraction were used to analyze the microstructure and constituent phases of the obtained coatings by laser cladding with direct injection of the powder into the melt pool. Solidification planar, cellular and dendrite structures were observed in Ni-based alloy coating. There exists an optimum metallurgical bond between Ni-based laser cladding layer and the base material. The high hardness of the Ni-based alloy coating is attributed to the presence of M7C3-type carbides (essentially chromium-riched carbide) dispersed in the γ(Ni,Fe) phase matrix.     

热处理对Ni-TiN纳米复合镀层结构和性能的影响

目的进一步提高脉冲-超声电沉积Ni-TiN纳米复合镀层的显微硬度,改善镀层的耐磨性。方法利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计、摩擦磨损仪器,对经200~600℃热处理后Ni-TiN纳米复合镀层的表面形貌、内部组织结构、显微硬度和磨损性能进行检测,研究了热处理方式对复合镀层的表面形貌、晶相组织、显微硬度和耐磨性的影响。结果经300℃保温1.5 h后的镀层表面最为平整和光滑。同时镀层开始实现非晶态向晶态演变,并且镀层硬度最高,其值高达815HV。随热处理温度的升高,镀层晶粒变大,表面平整度降低。经600℃热处理,保温1.5h后,镀层的耐磨性最佳,磨损量仅为13.2 mg。结论经热处理之后,镀层硬度得到一定程度的提高,主要是TiN纳米粒子起到弥散和细晶强化作用。耐磨性得到有效改善,主要是由于镀层韧性、镀层和基体间的结合力得到提高,镀层形成一层致密的氧化膜的原因。     

等离子弧堆焊镍基球形碳化钨涂层摩擦磨损研究

目的采用等离子转移弧堆焊技术制成镍基球形碳化钨复合涂层,研究碳化钨含量对复合涂层摩擦磨损性能的影响,以用于实际生产开发。方法碳化钨质量分数分别为20%、30%、50%、60%的镍基混合粉末通过等离子堆焊方法制备成复合涂层,并采用Bruker公司生产的万能摩擦磨损试验机对镍基碳化钨复合涂层的侧面进行摩擦磨损性能测试。对各组涂层的表面形貌、摩擦系数、划痕横截面积及磨损面的微观形貌进行对比分析,探究碳化钨的含量对复合涂层摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果等离子转移弧堆焊镍基球形碳化钨复合涂层的耐磨性能随着碳化钨含量的增大而增大,同时近熔合区基体的耐磨性能也不断提高。当碳化钨质量分数小于50%时,主要发生的是粘着磨损和氧化磨损;当碳化钨质量分数大于50%时,主要发生的是粘着磨损和磨料磨损。结论由于碳化钨的存在以及增强相的不断生成,随着碳化钨含量的增大,复合涂层的磨损性能不断提高。出于性能和成本考虑,当碳化钨质量分数为50%时更适合实际应用。     

Microstructure and Wear Resistance Evolution of HVOFSprayed WC-（W,Cr）2C-Ni Coating with Post Heat Treatment In Air Atmosphere

WC-(W,Cr)2C-Ni coating was prepared on 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel and C-276 Ni-base Hastelloy by high velocity oxy-fuel(HVOF)spraying.The effect of post heat treatment in air atmosphere on the microstructure,phase composition,microhardness,fracture toughness,and wear resistance of HVOF-sprayed WC-(W,Cr)2C-Ni coating was investigated.The microstructure and phase composition of the coatings were analyzed by means of field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM)and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The microhardness and fracture toughness of the coatings were measured using a microhardness tester and a Vickers hardness tester.Moreover,dry friction and wear behavior of the coatings sliding against Si3N4 ball was investigated using an oscillating friction and wear tester;and the worn surfaces of the coatings were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy(SEM).It was found that heat treatment within 500-800°C resulted in crystallization of amorphous phase in as-sprayed coating,generating nanoscale new phases such as NiWO4,CrWO4 and Cr2WO6.Besides,heat treatment led to increase of the microhardness of as-sprayed coating,and the highest microhardness was obtained after heat treatment at 800°C.The fracture toughness and wear resistance of the as-sprayed coating increased with increasing heat treatment temperature up to 700°C but tended to decrease with further elevating temperature.In other words,the mechanical properties and wear resistance of the as-sprayed coatings were worsened owing to excessive growth of oxidation grains and depletion of ductile Ni binder after heat treatment above 700°C.Thus it was suggested that as-sprayed ceramic composite coating should be post heat treated in air at a moderate temperature of 700°C so as to achieve the optimized mechanical properties and wear resistance.     

TC4钛合金表面激光熔覆WC增强镍基复合涂层的组织及耐磨性

为提高TC4钛合金的耐磨性,利用激光熔覆技术(laser cladding,LC)在TC4钛合金表面制备Ni60+50%WC(体积分数)和deloro22(d22)粉末打底+(Ni60+50%WC)2种耐磨复合涂层。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)以及X射线衍射仪(XRD)来表征涂层的微观结构和物相组成;使用HV-1000显微维氏硬度计、HRS-2M型高速往复摩擦磨损试验机和WDW-100D电子万能试验机来分析涂层的性能。结果表明:2种涂层均由W₂C、TiC、Ni₁₇W₃、Ni₃Ti和Ti_xW_1-x相组成,2种涂层不仅与基体呈现出优异的冶金结合,而且组织均匀致密,没有裂纹瑕疵;由于涂层中存在着原位合成的硬质相和细晶强化共同作用使得涂层硬度显著提高,约为TC4基体的2.82倍;2种涂层的摩擦系数(COF)和磨损量都远低于TC4钛合金基体;Ni60+50%WC复合涂层和d22粉末打底+(Ni60+50%WC)复合涂层的抗剪切结合强度分别为188....     

THE INFLUENCE OF C ON THE OXIDATION AND WEAR RESISTANCE OF Fe-Cr-Mn ALLOY AT HIGH TEMPERATURES

A kinetic oxidation test and an isothermal oxidation test of Fe-Cr-Mn alloys containing0.50％ to 2.69％ C were carried out at 800 and 660℃ in atmosphere.A high temperatureabrasive wear test of the alloys was also done in a self-made wear tester.A study of themorphology of the oxide film and the element distribution in the subsurface indicated that:(1) with increasing C content of the alloys the amount of eutectic carbide increased andthe Mu content in the matrix participating in the oxidation process decreased,resultingin an increase of the oxidation resistance of the alloys:(2) The high temperature wearresistance of the alloys was closely related to the bulk hardness of the alloy and theamount of eutectic carbide.The increase in hardness of the alloys increased the hightemperature wear resisance.However,it must be emphasized that the wear resistanteffect of the carbides depends strongly on the support provided by the matrix.     

Characterization of in situ synthesized TiC particle reinforced Fe-based composite coatings produced by multi-pass overlapping GTAW melting process

In this paper, in situ synthesized TiC particles reinforced Fe-based surface composite coatings by multi-pass overlapping gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) melting process employing a proper amount of graphite and ferrotitanium (FeTi) on AISI 1020 steel substrate was produced. The microstructure and wear properties of the composite coatings were investigated by means of an electron microprobe microanalysis (EPMA), X-ray diffractometer and wear tester. The results showed that the multi-pass overlapping GTAW melting surface composite coatings can be obtained under suitable welding parameters, and no crack and porosity are found in the tracks. The X-ray and EPMA results confirm that TiC particles can be formed via reaction of FeTi and graphite during multi-pass overlapping GTAW melting process. TiC particles present cubic and dendrite shape in the non-overlapping zone. It is found that there occurred TiC particles coarsening at the overlap regions, which can lead to detrimental effects on the hardness and wear performance. Composite coatings give a high hardness and excellent wear resistance; and the wear friction coefficient of the coating is less than that of the 1020 steel. As a result, multi-pass overlapping GTAW melting process can be used effectively for producing surface composite coatings with a pre-placed powder to improve wear resistance of the AISI 1020 steel.     

火焰熔覆镍基/陶瓷涂层的耐磨性研究

研究了陶瓷WC和SiC加入量对氧乙炔火焰重熔方法制备的镍基合金涂层耐磨性的影响。试验结果表明，采用粘接手段作为预涂敷方法、氧乙炔火焰作为热源可得到致密、均匀的陶瓷复合涂层。Ni60基／WC复合层的耐磨性优于Ni21基/SiC复合层，且在一定的范围内这2种复合层均随着陶瓷含量的增多而耐磨性提高。当WC含量达到30％时，Ni60基／WC复合层的耐磨性最好，继续增加WC含量耐磨性反而降低。当SiC含量达到4％时，Ni21基／SiC复合层的耐磨性最好，继续增加SiC含量耐磨性反而降低。     

TiN/TiCN/Al2O3/TiN与TiN/TiCN/Al2O3/TiCNO多层涂层的组织性能比较

目的对比TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiN和TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiCNO两种多层涂层的组织性能。方法采用化学气相沉积(CVD)技术在硬质合金基体上沉积TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiN和TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiCNO两种多层涂层。通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析涂层的物相和组织形貌,采用纳米力学测试系统测试涂层顶层的硬度和弹性模量,利用显微维氏硬度计和划痕仪分别测量涂层的显微硬度和结合强度,利用往复式多功能摩擦磨损试验机研究涂层的摩擦磨损性能。结果顶层TiN晶粒为柱状晶,顶层TiCNO晶粒呈细针状。与顶层TiN相比,顶层TiCNO硬度更大,抗塑性变形能力更强。与以TiN为顶层的多层涂层相比,以TiCNO为顶层的多层涂层表面粗糙度、摩擦系数较大,结合强度较低。当磨损只发生在顶层时,耐磨性取决于顶层涂层的性能,TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiN的磨损体积和磨损率为TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiCNO的1.2倍。当磨损进行到顶层与Al_2O_3层界面时,结合强度对耐磨性也有重要影响,TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiN的磨损体积和磨损率是TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiCNO的82%。结论与TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiN相比,TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiCNO的顶层TiCNO硬度较大,抗塑性变形能力强,其顶层耐磨性较好。改善TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiCNO多层涂层表面粗糙度和结合强度将进一步提高该涂层的摩擦磨损性能。