连续动态逆流提取对香菇多糖抗氧化活性的影响

以香菇为主要原料,采用连续动态逆流水提醇沉法提取香菇多糖并以热水回流提取法作为对照,对比动态逆流提取对香菇多糖提取得率和抗氧化能力的影响.采用苯酚硫酸法测定多糖含量,检测香菇多糖清除DPPH·、·OH、O2-·自由基能力以及Fe离子还原力.结果表明,连续动态逆流提取浓度平衡后20 min取样,香菇多糖得率最高(8.43...     

连续动态逆流提取对赤灵芝多糖抗氧化活性的影响

以赤灵芝为原料,以热水回流提取法为对照,采用连续动态逆流水提醇沉法提取赤灵芝多糖,对比动态逆流提取对赤灵芝多糖提取得率和抗氧化活性的影响。采用苯酚硫酸法测定多糖含量,检测赤灵芝多糖清除DPPH·、·OH、O2—·自由基能力以及Fe离子还原力。结果表明,连续动态逆流提取浓度平衡后40 min取样,赤灵芝多糖得率(23.07%)最高,是对照组的2.26倍。连续动态逆流提取法提取的赤灵芝多糖对羟自由基、超氧自由基、DPPH自由基具有更强的清除能力,接近Vc的抗氧化能力。当赤灵芝多糖质量浓度为2.5 mg/mL时,连续动态逆流提取法提取的赤灵芝多糖对·OH、O_2~—·和DPPH·清除率分别为75.3%、75.3%和74.3%,比热水回流提取的赤灵芝多糖抗氧化能力提高了33.5%、52.4%和8.6%。     

新型天然产物有效成分提取设备的设计和开发

提取是天然产物深加工的重要工序,它是通过提取设备来完成的。提取设备对提取物的质量、得率和生产效率都有巨大的影响。文中根据物料提取的基本原理,结合现代提取工艺和技术要求,提出了动态逆流加微波辅助提取的新思路,并进行了结构设计。该设备的突出优点是提取物料出液系数小、提取效率高、有效成分得率高和适用性广。     

猴头菇多糖的超声辅助罐组式动态逆流提取及纯化研究

本文研究了超声辅助罐组式动态逆流提取及纯化猴头菇多糖的工艺。以正交实验确定单罐提取猴头菇多糖最佳工艺参数的基础上建立罐组式多态逆流提取条件;利用凝胶色谱法分离和鉴别猴头菇提取物中的干扰物质,确定最佳纯化方式。结果表明:采用3个组罐连接,以连续3级(次)超声辅助罐组式动态逆流萃取法,在料液比1∶15,提取温度50℃,提取时间2 h后,用超声功率400 W强化提取25 min的条件下,猴头菇多糖得率达13.37%,经75%乙醇沉淀后多糖含量为66.48%;利用凝胶色谱法确定猴头菇多糖以33%乙醇、50%乙醇分级沉淀结合碱性铜试剂选择性纯化的最佳纯化方式。猴头菇多糖采用超声辅助罐组式动态逆流提取法比传统单罐三次提取法得率提高50%以上,提取时间缩短3 h,节约溶剂40%以上。     

中药连续动态逆流提取过程控制技术

中药连续动态逆流提取中各设备间关系复杂,各阶段需要协调控制,使得传统的控制方法不能满足要求。通过分析带有挤压提取器的中药连续动态逆流提取过程的工艺和设备特点,以逆流提取器内温度为主参数,以保证溶媒比为目标,设计了复杂控制系统。针对提取过程的大惯性和大扰动,研究了控制策略,并结合PLC和上位机监控软件实现了改进型PID控制。通过在中药连续动态逆流提取监控系统中运行,表明所设计控制系统满足工艺要求,软件运行稳定。     

动态逆流提取设备在天然产物提取中的应用

提取是天然产物深加工的重要工序,是通过提取设备来完成的,提取设备对提取物的质量、得率和生产效率都有巨大的影响。本文简述了提取技术及设备的发展,着重介绍了逆流提取技术的原理、设备及其在天然产物提取中的应用。     

草酸铵逆流萃取法提取西番莲果皮中果胶的研究

对草酸铵逆流萃取法提取西番莲鲜果皮中的果胶进行研究,考察了逆流萃取的级数、温度、草酸铵浓度、料液比和反应时间对果胶得率的影响,并对工艺条件进行了优化,获得草酸铵逆流萃取法提取西番莲果皮中果胶的最优条件：逆流萃取级数为3级、温度90℃、草酸铵浓度O．45％、果皮质量与草酸铵体积比为1：35、提取时间5．5h。与传统酸法提取相比,得率由2．22％提高到3．82％,并对所制备果胶的品质进行测定。结果表明,草酸铵逆流萃取法果胶得率、品质均优于传统酸法。     

连续动态逆流提取的现状和发展

阐述了连续动态逆流提取的原理,介绍了罐组式、拖链型连通器式、螺旋式连续逆流提取设备以及连续逆流提取方法对天然产物的提取状况。并提出了连续逆流提取与微波、超声波、离心器等辅助方法的结合运用是连续动态逆流提取的发展方向。     

三级逆流提取茶叶的研究

在速溶茶的加工中,提取是重要的一步,提取的温度、时间、加水比对速溶茶的风味、理化指标和得率具有很大的影响。本实验使用三级逆流提取几种红茶、绿茶和乌龙茶,每级提取结束后各自出液分别加工成速溶茶,取样进行感官审评和理化分析。结果表明,三级逆流提取茶叶获得的每一级提取液的感官指标、主要成分含量和得率有明显的差异,这有利于使用相同的茶叶原料加工不同的速溶茶。     

采用二次逆流浸提方法提取玉米胚芽中的菲丁

对采用二次逆流浸提工艺提取玉米胚芽饼中的菲丁进行试验研究，分析了pH值、浸泡时间对菲丁提取量的影响，对一次浸提和二次逆流浸提工艺进行了比较。试验结果表明，浸泡液的pH值为1．1，浸泡时间4h，中和终点pH值为6．2，菲丁提取率可达到90％以上，与一次浸提相比，在同样条件下，菲丁得率提高18．8％。由于采用卧式卸料离心分离机，解决了过滤困难的问题。     

全自动锥形动态中药提取设备的设计

本文针对传统中药提取设备自动化程度低,产品质量不稳定的现状,研制了一种全自动锥形动态中药提取设备,在提取工艺、结构设计等方面进行创新研究,达到高效、节能、全自动提取目的。     

响应曲面法优化亚临界水提取葡萄籽原花青素的工艺研究

采用自行设计的适合工业化应用的2L 亚临界水提取装置对葡萄籽中原花青素的亚临界水提取工艺进行优化,并与其他提取方法进行对比。结果表明：亚临界水提取原花青素的最佳工艺参数为提取温度151℃、提取时间21min 和提取压力12MPa,在此条件下,原花青素得率为3.88%;与传统索氏提取法和乙醇回流提取法相比,亚临界水提取法具有提取时间短、效率高等优点;所设计的2L 亚临界水提取装置自动化程度高、操作简便。     

一种骨抽提复合搅拌热压装置的研制与应用

研制出一种复合旋转搅拌自卸渣式热压抽提装置,该装置包括罐体、复合搅拌装置、投料装置三部分。装置采用卧式搅拌提取,避免了常规提取方式中提取液与固体物料混合不匀的难题,极大提高了加热速率和抽提效率;所采用的推进式刮板搅拌器和混合平桨式搅拌桨等距离相间隔安装,电机可以实现正反转,自动执行提取过程和出渣过程;使用夹套与搅拌内轴两维度加热法,缩短了升温时间,节约了能耗。以鸡骨为原料进行热压抽提工艺优化试验,结果表明:骨胶原蛋白提取率高达80%以上,节省蒸汽20%,升温时间从1.5h缩短为40min。该装置解决了常规提取罐提取不彻底、不易分离油脂、通用性差、对厂房和辅助设备要求高的问题,设备自动化程度高,是一种安全、高效、节能的热压抽提装置。     

鸡腿菇多糖的提取及纯化研究

鸡腿菇中含有丰富的糖类,食用菌中的多糖具有提高免疫、降血糖、抗肿瘤、抗病毒等功能。微波对细胞的结构有较大作用。应用微波辅助提取手段,能够显著缩短萃取时间,较大程度地提高多糖的萃取效率。利用复合酶解（纤维素酶、半纤维素酶、中性蛋白酶）、微波辅助提取、树脂纯化技术生产纯度较高的鸡腿菇多糖。     

Pulsed electric field‐assisted extraction of valuable compounds from microorganisms

Microorganisms (bacteria, yeast, and microalgae) are a promising resource for products of high value such as nutrients, pigments, and enzymes. The majority of these compounds of interest remain inside the cell, thus making it necessary to extract and purify them before use. This review presents the challenges and opportunities in the production of these compounds, the microbial structure and the location of target compounds in the cells, the different procedures proposed for improving extraction of these compounds, and pulsed electric field (PEF)‐assisted extraction as alternative to these procedures. PEF is a nonthermal technology that produces a precise action on the cytoplasmic membrane improving the selective release of intracellular compounds while avoiding undesirable consequences of heating on the characteristics and purity of the extracts. PEF pretreatment with low energetic requirements allows for high extraction yields. However, PEF parameters should be tailored to each microbial cell, according to their structure, size, and other factors affecting efficiency. Furthermore, the recent discovery of the triggering effect of enzymatic activity during cell incubation after electroporation opens up the possibility of new implementations of PEF for the recovery of compounds that are bounded or assembled in structures. Similarly, PEF parameters and suspension storage conditions need to be optimized to reach the desired effect. PEF can be applied in continuous flow and is adaptable to industrial equipment, making it feasible for scale‐up to large processing capacities.     

A new environmentally friendly method for astaxanthin extraction from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous</Emphasis>

Few environmentally friendly solvents are available to extract food-grade astaxanthin. In this paper, some environmentally friendly solvents, such as lactic acid, ethyl lactate, and ethanol, were employed in cell disruption and astaxanthin extraction from Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous. The extraction procedure was optimized, validated and compared with other conventional extraction techniques. This method gave the best result due to the highest extraction efficiency within short extraction time. The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: the yeast cell wall was disrupted by lactic acid at 65° C for 1 h and then extracted with ethyl lactate:ethanol (1:1, v/v) for 0.5 h. It was proved that the extraction efficiency was enhanced by the addition of the natural antioxidant α-tocopherol. This new method showed low chemical toxicity and gave high extraction efficiency, which had good prospects for mass production at the industrial scale.     

High-Pressure Processing as Emergent Technology for the Extraction of Bioactive Ingredients From Plant Materials

High-pressure processing is a food processing technique that has shown great potentials in the food industry. Recently, it was developed to extract bioactive ingredients from plant materials, known as ultrahigh pressure extraction (UPE), taking advantages of time saving, higher extraction yields, fewer impurities in the extraction solution, minimal heat and can avoid thermal degradation on the activity and structure of bioactive components, and so on. This review provides an overview of the developments in the UPE of bioactive ingredients from plant material. Apart from a brief presentation of the theories of UPE and extraction equipment systems, the principal parameters that influence the extraction efficiency to be optimized in the UPE (e.g., solvent, pressure, temperature, extraction time, and the number of cycle) were discussed in detail, and finally the more recent applications of UPE for the extraction of active compounds from plant materials were summarized.