用于热敏物料蒸馏的直接接触传热蒸发釜的研究

针对热敏物料蒸馏中存在的技术难题,提出了一种用熔盐直接加热热敏物料的新方法.该方法中传热系数很大,传热表面积可不断扩充、更新,所以理论上传热温差可以达到很小,而热敏料液在釜内的停留时间大大缩短(≤1s),所以该方法在热敏物料的蒸馏上具有广泛的应用前景.文中给出了用熔盐和不用熔盐两种情况下加热蒸发DEP的实验结果并进行了比较,而且还给出了熔盐与分散相之间的传热速率的各种影响因素及曲线.     

湿式干釜直接接触传热蒸发过程

研究了非均相载热体直接加热物料的低持液量蒸馏釜即湿式干釜的传热蒸发机理。对底部进料情况下单泡滴在连续相（热载体）中的直接接触传热蒸发过程进行了数学模拟。通过模拟计算研究了泡滴的初始直径对连续相液深、泡滴完全汽化时间、瞬时传热温差以及瞬时传热系数的影响。提出了极限深度的概念,并推导出连续相极限深度的计算公式,对泡滴所处液深超过极限深度时的变化情况进行了分析。     

风洞真空排气系统直接接触传热过程

某风洞真空排气系统在运行过程中,会产生大量含水蒸气的混合气体。为了提高排气效率降低能耗,本文引入冷凝塔工艺,采用直接接触换热冷凝方式使来流含水蒸气的混合气体降温冷凝。基于微元塔高传质模型,对进入冷凝塔的热流气体与冷却水直接接触换热过程分析,推导出传质系数数学方程表达式。结合实验数据考察了进气压力与冷凝降温排出气体中水蒸气含量的影响,并拟合得到一定温度下进气压力与该气体水蒸气含量的数学表达式;也考察了冷却水质量通量和气液比变化对传质系数、体积传热系数、出气温度的影响,在此基础上拟合得到针对风洞气流直接接触换热气液比与体积传热系数数学关系式,并计算出最优气液比。实验得出的规律对风洞气流的直接接触换热优化设计和应用起到了指导作用。     

直接接触冷凝器中流动及传热特性

利用SV型和SK型静态混合器,并以粉末烧结的微孔钛曝气器为气体分布器,开发出一种新型直接接触冷凝器。在空气-水和水蒸气-水体系中测试并比较2种新型直接接触冷凝器的流体力学性能及冷凝传热性能。结果表明:装有SV型静态混合器的新型直接接触冷凝器较装有SK型静态混合器的新型冷凝器对水蒸气的分布更加均匀,具有更好的吸收效果,钛曝气器的利用可有效提高换热效率,并降低水蒸气冷凝所引起的振动与噪声。     

垂直管内不互溶液滴群直接接触汽化传热

在一气升式外循环实验设备中研究了冷剂正戊烷与热流体水在垂直管内直接接触汽化传热过程。根据单液滴不互溶冷剂汽化关联式，推导出多液滴汽化过程中局部和平均体积传热系数表达式，表达式较好地解释了实验结果。讨论了冷剂表观流速、冷剂与热流体间的传热温差对体积传热量ｑｖ和体积传热系数ａｖ的影响；以及冷剂表观流速对冷却温差的影响。     

直接接触汽化传热实验装置的设计与测试技术

为了研究戊烷与水直接接触汽化传热过程中其液液界面的真实传热温差,文中搭建了汽化传热的闭路循环实验装置,设计了一种戊烷-水直接接触界面面积不变的圆形接触面,运用双平行电导探针测定液液界面的波动情况,采用红外热像技术确定液液界面处水的表面温度,进而确定直接接触汽化传热的真实传热温差,同时通过实验研究了水流速和温度对热通量的影响。结果表明:戊烷汽化传热的真实传热温差Δt远远小于传统计算方法得到的温差Δt_m,这种温差的差别导致了计算得到的真实传热系数远远大于根据传热方法计算得到的传热系数。同时,热通量随着水流速和传热温差的增加而逐渐增加。该实验方法为直接接触汽化传热机理的研究提供了重要方法和新的思路。     

不互溶液体间直接接触传热的研究进展

介绍了不互溶液体之间直接接触传热的主要研究内容和理论方面的研究进展,阐述了直接接触传热过程中泡滴与连续相之间存在的三种传热表面以及传热表面积和传热系数的简化计算,并给出了一些瞬时传热系数的合理表达式。最后,对直接接触传热过程在工程技术中的应用进行了简单介绍,并着重叙述了它在蒸馏领域中的应用情况。     

空气-石蜡直接接触换热特性实验研究

在间壁式换热器中石蜡因为其热导率低影响了蓄热系统的换热速率,采用石蜡与空气直接接触换热可大幅提高蓄热系统的换热速率。把常温的空气通过气体分布器注入熔融状态的石蜡（100~150℃）中,具体考察了表观气速、静液位高度和传热温差等参数对石蜡-空气鼓泡换热中体积传热系数与气含率的影响。实验结果表明,随着表观气速的增大,体积传热系数与气含率随之增大,并且对于气含率,在较低的表观气速下的增长速率更快;在实验条件下,增加静液位高度都只会导致体积传热系数与气含率的降低,而改变气液温差对体积传热系数的影响不甚明显。根据实验结果获得了石蜡与空气直接接触换热的体积Nusselt数经验关联式。     

磁性液滴在液体中的运动及接触传热

对磁性液滴在不互溶液体中的运动和接触传热特性进行了实验研究和理论分析，建立了磁性液滴在不互溶液体中运动的数学模型和传热关联式。实验结果表明，外加磁场对磁性液滴的流动和传热具有显著的强化作用。     

移动床中颗粒接触传热的数学模型

密相颗粒流动过程中的传热行为研究还不充分.在综合考虑颗粒接触传热的多个过程的基础上提出了颗粒接触传热模型,并与DEM模型结合模拟了移动床中颗粒与加热面间的传热过程.比较各传热过程的关系,可知通过接触面传递的热量对整体有效传热量的影响最大;有效传热系数主要受与加热面接触的颗粒数目、接触时间、颗粒 加热面间接触面的大小等因素的影响;当颗粒的平均粒径相同时,不同的颗粒粒径分布对颗粒系统的传热影响不是很大;当颗粒的粒径增大,有效传热系数降低;颗粒与加热面间的传热量在空间上的分布是不均匀的.     

DIRECT CONTACT HEAT TRANSFER BETWEEN TWO IMMISCIBLE LIQUIDS

Direct-contact heat transfer between two immiscible liquids in turbulent pipe flow is studied under non-boiling conditions. The salt water and BP-Transcal 65 heat transfer oil are used as immiscible liquids. The diameter and the length of the pipe are 1.33 cm. and 304 cm., respectively. The effects of oil volume fraction, inlet salt water concentration, average liquid velocity, inlet oil temperature and pipe length on the over-all volumetric heat transfer coefficient are investigated.     

DIRECT CONTACT HEAT TRANSFER BETWEEN TWO IMMISCIBLE LIQUIDS

Direct-contact heat transfer between two immiscible liquids in turbulent pipe flow is studied under non-boiling conditions. The salt water and BP-Transcal 65 heat transfer oil are used as immiscible liquids. The diameter and the length of the pipe are 1.33 cm. and 304 cm., respectively. The effects of oil volume fraction, inlet salt water concentration, average liquid velocity, inlet oil temperature and pipe length on the over-all volumetric heat transfer coefficient are investigated.     

汽-液-液三相垂直管内充分发展流传热性能

研究了垂直管内连续相水和分散相戊烷泡滴之间的流动和传热性能 .在全面考虑了汽体的膨胀、水蒸气的蒸发、界面张力的作用、汽液两相的相互作用和滑移、泡滴的破碎等影响因素的基础上 ,建立了与实验结果吻合较好的一维流体力学模型和传热模型     

添加剂及其对直接接触式相变换热的影响

通过试验对在直接接触式气体水合物系统中非常有效的添加剂在直接接触式冰蓄冷系统中进行了研究 ,发现锌粉对直接接触式相变换热效果最好 ,而丁醇几乎没有效果     

BOUND MOISTURE REMOVAL: HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONTACT DRYING

Coupled heat and mass transfer in short-term contact of the moist material and the heating surface (the physical model of drying with agitation) is examined. Technological characteristics of the drying process: heating rate and drying rate, heat transfer coefficient, etc. have been determined based on solutions of the diffusion and diffusion-filtration heat and mass transfer. The usage of non-field method of determination of mass and heat fluxes on the phase interface allows calculation of the drying equipment efficiency without preliminary determination of the fields of required quantities. The results may be used for estimation of the influence of drying conditions and material properties on the moisture removal process.     

BOUND MOISTURE REMOVAL: HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONTACT DRYING

ABSTRACT

Coupled heat and mass transfer in short-term contact of the moist material and the heating surface (the physical model of drying with agitation) is examined. Technological characteristics of the drying process: heating rate and drying rate, heat transfer coefficient, etc. have been determined based on solutions of the diffusion and diffusion-filtration heat and mass transfer. The usage of non-field method of determination of mass and heat fluxes on the phase interface allows calculation of the drying equipment efficiency without preliminary determination of the fields of required quantities. The results may be used for estimation of the influence of drying conditions and material properties on the moisture removal process.     

EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL STUDIES OF HEAT TRANSFER THROUGH CONTACT AREAS OF HIGH ELLIPTICITY

This paper describes experimental and numerical studies of heat transfer between surfaces in contact over a highly elliptical area in the presence of a gas or in vacuum. Measurements of the steady-state thermal resistance of an elliptical contact (with a length/width ratio of 16, as predicted by Hertz's theory) formed between cylindrical steel contacting surfaces with widely different radii of curvature (76 cm. vs. 0.95 cm.) are reported and compared to numerical results obtained with a 3-D finite-difference model formulated in the ellipsoidal coordinate system. Very good agreement between experimental and numerical results is obtained. Experimental results are given for contacts with smooth and rough surfaces.     

固液界面接触角对膜状冷凝传热强化的初步分析

引　言冷凝有两种形态 :膜状冷凝和滴状冷凝 .当液固表面自由能差Δσ≥ 33.3mJ·m- 2 [1] ,即液体完全不润湿固体表面时 ,蒸气在表面上将呈现滴状冷凝 ,其传热系数是膜状冷凝的几倍到几十倍 .这已是公认的事实 .但是 ,当表面自由能差在 0～ 33.3mJ·m- 2 范围内时 ,表面强化冷凝传热的效果将取决于表面自由能差值的大小 ,差值越大强化效果越明显 .为了更清楚地表示冷凝传热特性随冷凝液与表面自由能差的变化关系 ,把 0和 33.3mJ·m- 2 分别作为第 1临界值和第 2临界值 .当固液表面自由能差小于第 1临界值时 ,冷凝形态为传统的膜状冷凝 .…     

HEAT TRANSFER SOLVER

is a comblnatlon of a book and a disk for performing heat transfer calculations on a computer. The book is a manual covering different heat transfer situations in fourteen chapters, from steady state conduction to heat transfer errectiveness. The book is a tutorial on how to use the computer software and is of little use without the software. The software Is really the problem “solver.” An IBM-PC, -XT or Compatible computer is required. The disk-5 1/4 in-comes with the book. It would be more appropriate to write that the disk comes wlth the book that explains its use.

The software is easy to use. The problems for which solutions are provided are representative of those encountered by undergraduate students, and would be handy to graduate students as well working in heat transfer. Input (:)-output (=) data are easily manipulated. The graphic representation of results is an excellent and desired feature, with easy linkage between tabular data and graphic relationships. Quick and easy selection of unlts is easily done by using 'spacebar.' Within a particular problem units can be mixed, such as it for one parameter and cm for another parameter. Should the user make unreasonable entrles, either by accident or lack of knowledge, the screen responds with a message 'Outside the correlation range.'