Intact soft clay’s critical response to dynamic stress paths on different combinations of principal stress orientation

Comprehensive tests on Hangzhou intact soft clay were performed, which were used to obtain the soils’ critical response to undrained dynamic stress paths under different combinations of principal stress orientation. The different combinations included cyclic principal stress rotation (CPSR for short), cyclic shear with abrupt change of principal stress orientation (CAPSO for short) and cyclic shear with fixed principal stress orientation (CFPSO for short). On one side, under all these stress paths, samples have obvious strain inflection points and shear bands, and the excess pore water pressure is far from the level of initial effective confining pressure at failure. Stress paths of major principal stress orientation (α) alternating from negative and positive have quite different influence on soil’s properties with those in which α is kept negative or positive. On the other side, due to the soil’s strongly initial anisotropy, samples under double-amplitudes CPSR and CAPSO (or single-amplitude CPSR and CFPSO) have similar properties on dynamic shear strength and pore water pressure development tendency when α is kept within ±45°, while have quite different properties when α oversteps ±45°.     

解读连战先生的民族情

文章试图从两方面解读连战先生深厚的民族情.这种民族情一方面来源于他的家族,连战的先祖到台湾死也不臣服清,曾祖父至父亲三代以各种形式坚持抗日及父母对他言传身教;另一方面与他早年在祖国大陆的生活经历有关,从他对抗战和日本的态度及祖国大陆寻踪等方面体现出来.     

Evaluation of ultimate bearing capacity of Y-shaped vibro-pile

Based on Mindlin stress solution, a numerical computational method was proposed to calculate the stresses in the ground induced by side friction and the resistance of Y-shaped vibro-pile. The improved Terzaghi’s and ЪерезанцевВГ’s methods for ultimate bearing capacity evaluation were proposed by considering the stress strength induced by friction resistance at pile head level of Y-pile. A new method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of Y-pile was also proposed based on the assumptions of soil failure mode at the tip of Y-pile and the use of Mohr-Coulomb soil yield criterion and Vesic compressive correction coefficient with the induced stresses in the ground. Based on the comparisons with the field static load test results, it is found that the improved Terzaghi’s method gives higher ultimate capacity, while the other two methods shows good agreement with the field results.     

Adhesion coefficient of automobile tire and road surface

The adhesion coefficient of automobile tire and road surface was analyzed and the formula about it was derived.Some suggestions about highway construction,driving safety of the drivers and the judgment of the traffic accidents were presented.The results show that the adhesion coefficient is a function with the extreme value.If there is atmospheric pressure in the tire,the load of the vehicle and the degree of the coarse on the road surface is not selected properly,it will reach the least and affect the safety of the running automobile.     

Effects of stress conditions on rheological properties of granular soil in large triaxial rheology laboratory tests

In order to study the rheological properties of red stone granular soil,a series of rheological experiments were executed on large tri-axial rheological apparatus.Under 100,200 and 300 kPa confining stress conditions,the rheological tests were carried out.These experiment results showed that the stress conditions,especially the stress level were the critical influencing factors of the rheological deformation properties.Under the low stress level(S=0.1),the granular soil showed the elastic properties,and there was no obvious rheological deformation.Under the middle stress level(0.20.8) creep curves showed the non-linear viscous plastic rheological properties.Especially,under the stress level of S=1.0,the accelerated rheological phase of creep curves occurred at early time with a trend of failure.The stress level had obvious effects on the final rheological deformation of the soil sample,and the final rheological deformation increments nonlinearly increased with stress level.The final rheological deformation increment and step was little under low stress level,while it became large under high stress level,which showed the nonlinearly rheological properties of the granular soil.The confining pressure also had direct effects on final rheological deformation,and the final rheological deformation linearly increased with confining pressure increments.     

2008年我国房地产业的发展模式与市场把握

在深入市场调查、认真采集数据和科学分析研究的基础上,从我国新一年房地产业发展的"背景和环境"、"预期和责任"、"风险和影响"、"保障和创新"等方面进行阐述和论证.     

窃取商业秘密获得的专利权归商业秘密权利人所有——兼谈商业秘密构成要件和范围

中国加入WTO以后,知识产权的保护意识日益强化,作为知识产权范畴的专利权更是被人们普遍关注和重视.以"错案"为研究对象,运用商业秘密的有关理论以及保护商业秘密和专利权的有关法律制度,特别是从窃取商业秘密获得的专利权归谁所有的角度,对人民法院的判决进行了分析研究,指出了人民法院的判决是错误的,提出了窃取商业秘密获得的专利权归商业秘密权利人所有.这有利于人民法院公正司法,依法审判.     

从语气助词的角度浅析日语表达方式的特性

日语中有着十分丰富的语气助词,其虽然不具有实际的意义,然而通过语气助词,却能够流露出说话者的心情和感受,传递出不溢于言表的隐性含义,在日常的表达中扮演着十分重要的角色.从语气助词的角度,分析总结日语在表达上所具有的特性.     

Additional water use influencing strength and fluidity of recycled concrete

Through adding different additional water use,the compressive strength,splitting tensile strength and fluidity of recycled concrete of three aggregate combination forms were studied by experiment respectively.The experimental results show that with the increase of adding additional water use,the compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of recycled coarse aggregate concrete decrease,but that of recycled fine aggregate concrete and recycled all aggregate concrete increase firstly then decrease.When additional water use is added more 15% or 20% than that of basic ordinary concrete,the recycled coarse aggregate concrete and fine one can get pretty good fluidity.When it is added more 30%,the recycled all aggregate concrete has fluidity that is just satisfied.     

情趣与意象的契合——《逢雪宿芙蓉山主人》与《雪夜林边驻脚》之比较

通过分析《逢雪宿芙蓉山主人》与《雪夜林边驻脚》两诗的情趣和意象,发现两诗都采用了大致相似的意象.但由于诗人各自的文化传统的差异,在两诗中所传达的情趣却不同.然而,正是由于两诗各自在情趣与意象上的契合,才创造出了各自完美的诗境.     

固定化生长细胞乳酸发酵研究(Ⅱ)——乳酸发酵抑制因素

本文对乳酸发酵过程中的某些抑制因素进行了较深入的研究.试验结果表明:底物浓度、培养基pH值,产物乳酸浓度及某些乳酸盐对乳酸发酵都有较大的影响,其中底物浓度大于10%,pH值小于4.0,培养基中乳酸浓度达6～7mg/ml,产酸将受到抑制.乳酸盐对乳酸发酵的影响:乳酸钙对乳酸发酵无抑制作用,但乳酸钠对产酸却有明显的抑制,而乳酸铵对乳酸发酵的影响则视菌种而异.     

以淀粉废水为原料的乳酸钙发酵工艺研究

对利用小麦淀粉废水发酵生产乳酸钙的工艺条件进行了研究，确定了小麦淀粉双酶法糖化、乳酸发酵和产品提取的最适工艺条件     

外循环气升式生物反应器中酯酶生产及应用

采用海藻酸钙凝胶包埋法固定根霉（Rhizopus sp. F-16）细胞,在外循环气升式生物反应器（工作体积为10 L,高径比为2.9）中发酵生产酯酶.与游离细胞发酵相比,固定化细胞具有发酵时间短、产酶活力高等优点,其最适通气量为0.70 m3/h,最适装液量为8.75 L,发酵48 h时酯酶活力达41.6 U/g细胞.固定化细胞的适宜作用pH为8.0～9.0,适宜作用温度为45～50 ℃,其酸碱稳定性和热稳定性均比游离细胞明显增强.该固定化细胞可直接用于选择性水解外消旋乳酸乙酯生成D-乳酸,当底物的质量浓度为150 g/L,反应时间为3 h时乳酸乙酯的水解率达43.9%,D-乳酸的光学纯度达95.7%.固定化细胞性状稳定,可重复利用,连续降解6批乳酸乙酯的平均水解率为43.3%,D-乳酸的光学纯度平均为95.4%.     

固定化细胞乳酸发酵的动力学研究

以海藻酸钙为载体进行了德氏乳酸杆菌的固定化乳酸发酵的研究,发现胶粒的直径,对乳酸收率没有明显的影响;底物浓度对细胞活性有一定的影响;产物乳酸对发酵有抑制作用,提出了产物抑制的乳酸发酵动力学模型。     

1,3-丙二醇发酵过程中pH调控策略研究

研究发现克雷伯氏肺炎杆菌利用甘油发酵产1，3-丙二醇过程中，发酵液的pH呈下降趋势，不仅影响了细胞的生长而且限制了1，3-丙二醇产量的提高。通过添加甘油和氨水的混合物维持恒定的pH提高了1，3-丙二醇的产量和转化率，但进一步研究发现不同pH条件下，副产物的组成明显不同，当pH为7．1—8．0时主要副产物是乳酸，而当pH为5．0—6．0时主要副产物是2，3-丁二醇。因此针对菌体细胞代谢对外界pH的不同应激效应，在补料过程中采取了DH波动的调控策略，通过控制底物甘油和氨水的比例和流加速率使发酵液的pH在6．3—7．3之间周期性地波动，最终， 2种主要副产物的量显著降低，1，3-丙二醇最大质量浓度高达70g／L。     

食品添加剂乳酸锌生产新工艺研究

本文详细论述了应用乳酸菌发酵生成乳酸,再和锌剂作用,生产食品添加剂乳酸锌的研究过程,对该产品的性状、质量和生物毒性等进行了分析。结果表明:新型乳酸锌生产工艺简便易行,省工、省时、节能,消减了乳酸生产阶段80％的工艺流程。所得乳酸锌产品质量,经检验符合予DB/410000X42015-89标准,产率在94.8％左右,小白鼠毒性实验LD50在4640mg/kg以上。     

发酵石榴汁工艺优化及成分分析

以浓缩石榴汁为原料,复原后接种嗜酸乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌和酵母菌复合发酵,运用模糊数学结合响应面法对其发酵工艺进行优化,以感官模糊综合评价值为响应值,研究白砂糖糖液添加量、乳酸菌接种量、发酵时间及温度对发酵石榴汁感官品质的影响,并利用顶空固相微萃取–气相质谱联用技术（HS-SPME/GC-MS）分析其挥发性香气成分。结果表明:石榴汁的最佳发酵工艺为白砂糖糖液添加量12.0%,植物乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和酵母菌接种量分别为1.5%、1.5%和0.02%,28 ℃发酵48 h;发酵石榴汁中共检测出38种香气成分,以醇类和酯类物质为主,醇类物质相对含量为35.75%,酯类物质相对含量为42.59%。     

响应面法优化芽孢杆菌LJ-7发酵产酯酶条件

为了获得海洋芽孢杆菌LJ-7发酵产酯酶的最佳条件,采用响应面法对其发酵条件进行了优化。首先,通过单因素试验选出对酯酶产量影响较显著的3个因素,即发酵温度、初始pH和发酵时间。在单因素试验的基础上,采用Box-Benhnken中心组合方法进行三因素三水平的试验设计,以酶活为响应值,利用响应面分析法进行进一步优化,确定最佳发酵条件为:发酵时间42.81h,发酵温度29.40℃,pH为6.21,此时预测的酯酶酶活为24.91 U/mL。在此最佳条件下,平行试验测得实际酶活为24.63U/mL,达到理论预测值的95%以上。该模型较好地预测了实际发酵情况,得到的优化条件具有实际应用价值。     

米根霉培养条件对脱氢酶活力和产物组成的影响

为提高米根霉的L-乳酸发酵产率，开展了米根霉培养条件对关键的脱氢酶(L-乳酸脱氢酶和乙醇脱氢酶)和末端产物(L-乳酸和乙醇)形成影响的研究．研究表明，初始葡萄糖质量浓度为60．0g／L时，胞内L-乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的比活力达到最大值，过高葡萄糖质量浓度对LDH的合成有抑制作用．添加20．0g／CaCO3能够大大降低ADH的比活力，而对LDH的作用影响较小，明显提高了LDH／ADH的比值，从而增加发酵液中L-乳酸的累积，减少了副产物乙醇的生成．Zn^ 对ADH的比活力起促进作用，而抑制LDH，Fe^3 的作用正好相反．在添加CaCO3后，Zn^2 能够提高LDH的比活力，Fe^3 对LDH的比活力的刺激作用将有所减弱；增大摇瓶转速将使得LDH和ADH的比活力都有所下降，但LDH／ADH的比例明显增大，从而明显增加了L-乳酸的累积．     

果皮酵素的制备及抗氧化活性研究

本文研究以新鲜果皮为原料,采用市面常用菌种来发酵制备果皮酵素。为进一步优化果皮酵素的发酵工艺参数,以超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力为测定指标,通过正交试验确定果皮酵素的最优发酵条件。结果表明,糖浓度为25%,发酵时间为36h,接种量为6%,发酵温度为30℃时发酵效果最好。该条件下果皮酵素的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力平均值为46.84U/ml。该研究为果皮酵素的制备和抗氧化活性研究奠定了基础。