磁控溅射镀膜技术在铝合金制品装饰镀中的应用

磁控溅射镀膜技术广泛应用于高档产品零/部件表面的装饰镀中。采用磁控溅射镀膜技术在铝合金基材上镀制Ti/TiN/TiCN复合薄膜,研究了氮气流量、乙炔流量及沉积时间等工艺参数对制备TiCN薄膜颜色的影响,探讨了提高复合薄膜的显微硬度、结合强度并进而改善铝合金表面装饰性和防护性的途径。研究结果表明,通过控制氮气流量、乙炔流量及沉积时间可使TiCN薄膜呈现特定颜色,如仿金色;当复合薄膜膜厚达到1.5μm时,涂层铅笔硬度达到6 H,薄膜附着力达到1级,满足电子行业的测试标准。     

Y15钢表面沉积TiN、TiCN和AlTiCrN涂层的摩擦磨损性能

为提高Y15易切削钢的耐磨性能,对Y15钢试样表面进行离子氮化处理,并分别采用TiN、TiCN、AlTiCrN进行镀膜处理。在SRVⅣ磨损试验机上考察制备的3种试样的摩擦磨损性能,并与盐浴渗氮处理试样进行比较。结果表明:3种离子渗氮+涂层处理试样中,离子渗氮+AlTiCrN涂层的耐磨性最好,其次是离子渗氮+TiCN涂层和离子渗氮+TiN涂层;盐浴渗氮试样的磨损机制主要为黏着磨损,离子渗氮+TiN涂层试样的磨损机制以黏着磨损和磨粒磨损为主,其他2种试样的磨损机制主要为轻微犁沟和黏着磨损。     

分离机中不锈钢碟片表面处理工艺的选择

文中介绍了激光淬火与氮化处理的两种表面复合处理工艺方案:激光-氮化复合处理和氮化-激光复合处理。以离心式分离机中4Cr13不锈钢碟片为试验材料,用两种不同的工艺方案对4Cr13钢试样进行表面复合强化处理。根据所得硬度分布曲线和硬化层深度比较表,分析了激光淬火与氮化处理的不同组合顺序对材料表面硬化层硬度分布和硬化层深度的综合影响效果,最后得出采用氮化-激光复合处理工艺方案可以达到试样表面复合强化处理工艺要求。     

Y15钢表面直接涂层处理滑动摩擦磨损试验研究

在易切削钢Y15试样表面直接涂层处理得到TiCN、AlTiCrN涂层,在SRV Ⅳ磨损试验机上考察其摩擦磨损性能,并与TiN直接涂层试样、盐浴渗氮试样进行比较。结果表明：直接涂层试样比盐浴渗氮试样具有更低的摩擦因数和更好的耐磨性;TiCN直接涂层耐磨性最好,其次为AlTiCrN直接涂层。盐浴渗氮试样、直接TiN涂层试样和直接TiCN涂层试样的磨损机制以黏着磨损为主,而直接AlTiCrN涂层试样的磨损机制以黏着磨损为主,同时也存在磨粒磨损。     

Y15钢表面TiCN和AlTiCrN涂层滑动摩擦试验研究

在易切削钢Y15试样表面直接涂层处理得到TiCN、AlTiCrN涂层,在SRV Ⅳ磨损试验机上考察其摩擦磨损性能,并与TiN直接涂层试样、盐浴渗氮试样进行比较。结果表明:直接涂层试样比盐浴渗氮试样具有更低的摩擦因数和更好的耐磨性;TiCN直接涂层耐磨性最好,其次为AlTiCrN直接涂层。盐浴渗氮试样、直接TiN涂层试样和直接TiCN涂层试样的磨损机制以黏着磨损为主,而直接AlTiCrN涂层试样的磨损机制以黏着磨损为主,同时也存在磨粒磨损。     

不同温度下沉积TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiN复合涂层的物相结构和性能

采用高温化学气相沉积技术,于1 000～1 100℃在WC-6%Co硬质合金基体表面制备了TiN/TiCN/Al2O3/TiN复合陶瓷涂层,研究了复合涂层的物相、表面和横截面形貌、显微硬度、界面结合强度和耐磨损性能。结果表明:沉积温度为1 000℃时,复合涂层中Al2O3层为κ相和α相共存;当沉积温度升至1 050℃和1 100℃时,Al2O3层为单一的α相;1 050℃下沉积复合涂层的表面平整、结构致密,1 000℃沉积复合涂层中的TiCN层存在少量孔洞,1 100℃下沉积复合涂层中TiCN层的柱状晶沿某一方向生长比较明显,较高的沉积温度加速了钛元素向Al2O3层的外扩散;1 050℃下沉积复合涂层的显微硬度最大,为1 828HV,该涂层的耐磨损性能最佳,其与基体间的结合强度最高,临界载荷为135.2N。     

高速钢镀C_3N_4/TiN复合超硬薄膜的研究

采用DC反应磁控溅射和多弧离子镀相结合的方法,在高速钢基体上沉积C3N4/TiN复合超硬薄膜。用X光电子能谱(XPS)分析了氮化碳的元素组成。X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电子衍射(TED)分析证明,氮化碳以硬质结晶相存在。复合膜的显微硬度Hv=35.1～46.7GPa,划痕试验表明,薄膜在高速钢上的附着力达到JB/T8365—96标准     

坚韧的TiCN刀具涂层

新一代的耐磨涂层TiCN是由多重涂层结合而成,总厚度为0.002mm,其硬度明显高于TiN涂层。而且TiCN涂层可以最大限度地防止磨料磨损并具有出色的热化学稳定性和卓越的润滑性。 Niagara Cutter公司根据四种不同类型(直径均为15.9mm)无涂层高速钢、TiN涂层高速钢、TiCN涂层高速钢和整体硬质合金的四槽端铣刀所进行的切削试验表明,这四种刀具材料铣刀所达到的切削速度分别为425、900、1200和1500r/min。试验工件材料为4140钢,零件硬度为HB275。还有一厂家将TiCN涂层刀具与高速钢刀的切削     

3Cr13的离子软氮化试验

对3Cr13钢进行离子软氮化处理试验,并对氮化试样的金相和硬度进行分析测定。结果表明,530℃离子软氮化8h,使3Cr13钢的氮化层深度达到0．25mm,表层硬度达到832HV,约为基体硬度的4倍,处理后耐磨性提高8倍。     

瓦楞辊表面等离子喷涂Cr2O3涂层性能研究

利用等离子喷涂技术在瓦楞辊材料42CrMo合金钢表面涂镀Cr2O3硬质涂层,以期提高材料表面耐磨性能.用显微硬度仪测试涂层的硬度,用MFT-4000型高速往复摩擦磨损试验机对涂层进行耐磨性能试验.并用扫描电镜(SEM)、X光衍射仪(XRD)分析了涂层的截面形貌和相结构.结果表明:等离子喷涂Cr2O3涂层后试样表面硬度达到HV1 184.1,试样表面摩擦因数减小,抗磨损性能大幅提高.     

Sliding wear resistance of reactive plasma sprayed Ti–TiN coatings

The reactive plasma spraying (RPS) of titanium powders in a nitrogen containing plasma gas produces thick coatings characterised by microdispersed titanium nitride phases in a titanium matrix. In this paper, the wear resistance properties of Ti–TiN coatings deposited on carbon steel substrates by means of RPS technique are studied. Wear tests were performed in block-on-ring configuration and dry sliding conditions, at different applied loads (45 and 100 N) and sliding velocities (in the range 0.4–2.0 m s⁻¹) by using hardened and stress relieved AISI O2 disks as counterpart. At low applied load the wear volumes are low, and tend to slightly increase as the sliding velocity increases. At high applied load and low sliding velocities the highest wear volumes for the coated samples are observed, due to adhesion in the contact area with the tool steel counterpart and decohesion of coating particles. As the sliding velocity is increased, the wear volume of the coated samples tends to decrease owing to oxidation phenomena.     

Humidity dependence of microwear characteristics of amorphous carbon films on silicon substrates

Influences of environmental humidity on various scanning-scratched wear characteristics, such as long-term stability of wear resistance and load dependence, scratch number dependence and scratch velocity dependence of wear depth, are evaluated by using an atomic force microscope and diamond tips. Amorphous carbon (a-C) films are deposited on silicon substrates by the electron cyclotron resonance plasma (ECR) sputtering method and the RF sputtering method combined with CVD using argon gas containing methane (CH₄) as a sputtering gas. In carbon samples with a higher hydrogen content, clear influences of the humidity on various wear characteristics are observed and their wear resistances decrease with increase of the humidity. In the ECR sputtered carbon film with low hydrogen content, wear resistance is stable during long-term exposure to an environment of high temperature and high humidity. In this film, the influences of humidity on the wear resistance and adhesion forces between the films and the substrates are not observed, since it is highly wear resistant and the wear depths are shallow in each test. Thus, amorphous carbon films with low hydrogen content are suitable as wear resistant protective overcoats from the point of view of the wear resistance, in particular the influence of the humidity on the wear resistance including its long-term stability.     

Tribocorrosion of Diamond-Like Carbon Deposited on Ti6Al4V

Tribological and corrosion properties of Ti6Al4V alloy both bare and coated by diamond-like carbon (DLC) were investigated in PBS solution. The films obtained by a PACVD technique present high hardness, good corrosion and wear resistance and lower friction coefficient compared to bare alloy. Tribocorrosion tests on bare alloy showed that when wear stops, the alloy rapidly passivates. DLC films present superior wear resistance under dry conditions. However, film life is greatly reduced during tribocorrosion tests. An erratum to this article can be found at     

沉积温度对脉冲真空弧源沉积类金刚石薄膜性能的影响

利用脉冲真空弧源沉积技术在Cr17Ni14Cu4不锈钢和Si(100)基体上制备了类金刚石(DLC)薄膜,研究了基体沉积温度对DLC薄膜的性能和结构的影响。研究表明,随着沉积温度由100 ℃提高到400 ℃,DLC薄膜中sp3 键质量分数减少,sp2键质量分数增多,薄膜复合硬度逐渐降低。当DLC薄膜沉积温度达到400 ℃时,薄膜中C原子主要以sp2键形式存在,与沉积温度为100 ℃时制备的DLC薄膜相比,薄膜复合硬度降低50%。DLC薄膜具有优异的耐磨性,摩擦因数低,随着沉积温度由100 ℃提高到400 ℃,Cr17Ni14Cu4不锈钢表面沉积的DLC薄膜耐磨性降低。沉积温度为100 ℃时,Cr17Ni14Cu4不锈钢表面沉积的DLC薄膜后,耐磨性大幅度提高。DLC薄膜与不锈钢基体结合牢固。     

Friction and Wear Properties of Graphite-Like Carbon Films Deposited on Different Substrates with a Different Interlayer Under High Hertzian Contact Stress

Four types of graphite-like carbon (GLC) films were deposited on different substrates (Ti6Al4V, WC-27CrNi) with a different interlayer (TiC/Ti, TiC/Ti/TiN) using an unbalanced magnetron sputtering system. The effect of substrate and interlayer on the microstructure and properties of the studied GLC films was then investigated using different characterization techniques. The results show that both the substrate and interlayer had an obvious influence on the tribological properties of the studied GLC films even though there was no significant structural difference between these films. Specifically, a substrate with a high hardness was propitious to achieving superior tribological behaviors for carbon film even with a different interlayer. However, the interlayer had a distinct influence on the tribological properties of the carbon film deposited on different substrates, and this effect varied with the hardness property of the substrate. For a hard substrate, the wear rate and wear life were similar irrespective of the interlayer. For a soft substrate, the addition of a TiN interlayer improved the wear life sevenfold compared to the film with only a TiC/Ti interlayer, but the wear rate for a film with and without a TiN interlayer was approximately the same. The obvious discrepancy between wear life and wear rate for a carbon film deposited on soft substrate was closely related with the film adhesion strength and plastic deformation of the substrate materials. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the wear life is a better parameter than wear rate in terms of characterization of the wear resistance of carbon film once the applied load causes the plastic deformation of the substrate.     

Corrosion and wear behaviour of ZrN thin films

Abstract

ZrN coating is an alternative candidate to replace the conventional TiN coating especially for high temperature oxidation resistance applications. ZrN coatings of varying thickness (1·5, 2·0, 2·5, 3·0 and 4·0 μm) were deposited on 316 stainless steel substrates by cathodic arc evaporation in a reactive nitrogen atmosphere. The influences of lamellae thickness on the microstructure, tribological and corrosive properties of the films were investigated. The coefficient of steady state friction of the films ranged from 0·213 to 0·659. The corrosion resistance of the coatings was tested in 1 N H₂SO₄ solution. The results indicate that the microstructure, wear and corrosion properties of the films were dependent on lamellae thicknesses and film structure.     

Micro-abrasion wear testing of triode plasma diffusion and duplex treated Ti–6Al–4V alloy

In this paper micro-abrasion wear testing is used to evaluate the wear resistance of triode plasma diffusion-treated, single-layered TiN-, CrAlN-, and WC/C-coated and duplex-diffusion and coated Ti–6Al–4V under uniform three-body rolling abrasion. Nanoindentation, Knoop microhardness, mechanical surface profilometry, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, were used to characterise the surfaces under investigation. Optimum testing conditions for rolling abrasion were established by varying the test parameters and resultant severity of contact. Very low normal loads and high volume fractions of particles in the abrasive slurry are necessary to obtain predictable and reproducible results. Relatively coarse SiC abrasive particles, having a mean diameter of around 3 μm, appear more suitable for micro-abrasion testing of the samples investigated, compared to finer Al₂O₃ particles. Problems associated with the measurement of the scar volume and subsequent calculation of the wear rate for hard coatings deposited on relatively soft metals like titanium are identified, and suitable testing and measurement techniques are suggested. Three-dimensional wear scar maps generated by mechanical stylus profilometry were used to measure the wear volumes. Under the test conditions used, wear coefficients can be determined from perforating and non-perforating tests, although perforating tests provide more consistent results. Triode plasma diffusion treatments, plasma-assisted (PA) PVD TiN and PAPVD CrAlN can reduce the specific wear rate of Ti–6Al–4V, while PACVD-based WC/C coatings do not provide suitable protection against abrasive wear. The combination of triode plasma oxynitriding diffusion treatments and PVD coatings to create duplex treatments can also lead to further reductions in the coating wear coefficient when compared to non-duplex coatings deposited on non-pretreated substrates.     

Hardness effect of stainless steel substrates on tribological properties of water-lubricated DLC films against AISI 440C ball

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films were deposited on stainless steel substrates with different hardness by thermal electron excited plasma CVD method, and their tribological properties in water-lubricated conditions were investigated. EDS was used to estimate the wear of the films. The results show that the hardness of the substrates has little effect on the friction and, the wear loss of the films is much smaller than that measured by an optical interferometer. The deep wear track is mainly due to the plastic deformation of the substrates and the films but not due to wear. However, the failure of the films is closely related to the hardness of their substrates. The harder the substrate, the higher the failure-resistant capability. The film deposited on a soft substrate is easy to crack and fail due to the low deformation resistance of the substrate and rubbing at a high contact-pressure. On the other hand, the wear of the counter balls increases with the hardness of the substrates.     

Torsional fretting wear of a biomedical Ti6Al7Nb alloy for nitrogen ion implantation in bovine serum

Ti6Al7Nb is a high-strength titanium alloy used in replacement hip joints that possesses the excellent biocompatibility necessary for surgical implants. Ti6Al7Nb treated with nitrogen gas (N₂) plasma immersion ion implantation–deposition (PIII–D) was investigated. Torsional fretting wear tests of untreated and nitrogen-ion-implanted Ti6Al7Nb alloys against a Zr₂O ball (diameter 25.2 mm) were carried out under simulated physiological conditions (serum solution) in a torsional fretting wear test rig. Based on the analyses of the frictional kinetics behavior, the observation of 3D profiles, SEM morphologies and surface composition analyses, the damage characteristics of the surface modification layer and its substrate are discussed in detail. The influence of nitrogen ion density on the implantation and torsional angular displacement amplitudes were investigated. The results indicated that ion implantation layering can improve resistance to torsional fretting wear and thus has wide potential application for the prevention of torsional fretting damage in artificial implants. The damage mechanism prevented by the ion implantation layer on the Ti6Al7Nb alloy is a combination of oxidative wear, delamination and abrasive wear. An increase in ion implantation concentration inhibited detachment by delamination.     

Characteristic evaluation of friction and wear in the C-N and TiN coated gear

C-N films were deposited on the 20CrMo alloy steel substrate by the Plasma Source Ion Implantation (PSII) method and TiN films were coated on the same material by the Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) method. It was found that friction coefficient of C-N coating were relatively lower than TiN coating. And with the load increased, the friction coefficients of C-N coating and TiN coating were both decreased. Then the author puts forward the test rig, working under the conditions of 1,800 rpm, 20 N·m for 100 h. The observations by microscope showed the wear reduced. The antiwearing performance enhanced prominently. But the TiN coated gear had a more serious friction phenomenon than C-N coated gear. This is caused by that coating of TiN, which was made at a high temperature about 500°C. The high temperature led to the substrate intenerated and the surface hardness had decreased from 850 HV to 630 HV. PSII method eliminates the tempering problem of the coating of C-N films, which had better wear resistance than TiN films. The friction and wear resistance of gears which coated by C-N films ameliorated significantly.