超临界CO2萃取牡丹籽粕多酚工艺 及其抗氧化性评价

为充分利用牡丹籽粕中的多酚资源,采用响应面法优化超临界CO_2萃取牡丹籽粕多酚工艺,以多酚提取量为响应值,得到了乙醇(夹带剂)体积分数、萃取温度和萃取压力的最优条件;通过测定牡丹籽粕多酚对DPPH和ABTS自由基的清除能力,对其抗氧化活性进行评价。结果表明,超临界CO_2萃取最佳工艺条件为乙醇体积分数83%、萃取温度52℃、萃取压力32 MPa,此条件下牡丹籽粕多酚提取量可达18.58 mg/g;牡丹籽粕多酚和VC对DPPH·清除率的IC_(50)分别为128.22μg/mL和147.72μg/mL,对ABTS~+·清除率的IC_(50)分别为109.18μg/mL和142.66μg/mL,牡丹籽粕多酚对DPPH·和ABTS~+·的清除能力均显著强于VC。     

山茱萸籽粕亚临界水降解动力学及多糖性质研究

本实验以山茱萸籽粕为原料,进行山茱萸籽粕亚临界水降解研究,测定不同降解温度、降解时间下液态产物的还原糖含量,采用Saeman模型模拟分析,建立降解动力学方程,得到降解动力学参数,并对降解物进行理化性质的分析。结果表明,Saeman模型能较好反映山茱萸籽粕亚临界水降解的过程,初步降解的反应活化能E_a1为29.47 kJ/mol、还原糖降解活化能E_a2为22.21 kJ/mol、指前因子K₁₀为101.49 min-1、K₂₀为20.28 min-1,在降解温度160 ℃、降解时间20 min条件下,能得到产量较高的还原糖。单糖组成分析表明,山茱萸籽多糖主要由葡萄糖、木糖、半乳糖、半乳糖醛酸组成,其总糖含量高达78.82%;扫描电镜和红外光谱结构分析结果表明,多糖结构呈表面光滑,无规则颗粒状,粒径大小不一的球状结构物,为吡喃型糖苷环骨架;抗氧化活性分析结果表明,山茱萸籽多糖具有较好的自由基清除能力,在质量浓度为1.0 mg/mL时,对DPPH自由基、羟自由基和ABTS自由基清除率分别为85.61%、63.40%、76.20%。本试验结果为山茱萸籽多糖的进一步分离纯化和理化特性、形态结构的分析提供了参考。     

槟榔提取物不同部位的抗氧化性比较及成分研究

采用DPPH法、ABTS法和FRAP法3种测定法对槟榔提取物体外抗氧化活性进行综合评价,并分析其总多酚与总黄酮含量与抗氧化活性的关系。研究结果发现,槟榔提取物乙酸乙酸部位和正丁醇部位均有一定的抗氧化活性。其中乙酸乙酯部位清除DPPH自由基和ABTS+自由基的能力(IC50=14.60、2.04μg/m L)和还原Fe3+的能力(TEAC=4762.99μmol/g)均强于阳性对照BHT(DPPH方法:IC50=24.49μg/m L;ABTS方法:IC50=6.56μg/m L;FRAP方法:TEAC=2503.17μmol/g),正丁醇部位清除DPPH自由基和ABTS+自由基的能力(IC50=44.32、7.62μg/m L)和还原Fe3+的能力(TEAC=1587.42μmol/g)均弱于阳性对照BHT,且乙酸乙酯部位总多酚和总黄酮含量均大于正丁醇部位。可见,乙酸乙酯部位清除DPPH自由基、ABTS+自由基及还原Fe3+的能力可能与其总多酚、总黄酮含量高有关。     

火麻籽粕多酚微波辅助提取工艺及其抗氧化活性

为探究火麻籽粕多酚的提取工艺及评价其抗氧化活性,在单因素试验基础上,通过响应面试验优化火麻籽粕中多酚的微波辅助提取工艺,并从DPPH自由基清除能力、羟基自由基清除能力、超氧阴离子自由基清除能力和铁离子还原能力4个方面来评价其抗氧化活性。结果表明,最佳提取工艺条件为乙醇体积分数58%、微波功率311 W、微波时间3.2 min、微波温度50℃、液料比50∶1(mL/g),在此条件下火麻籽粕多酚实际提取量为5.86 mg/g,与理论提取量相对误差仅为0.34%。试验所选浓度范围内,相较于VC,火麻籽粕多酚对DPPH自由基、羟基自由基、超氧阴离子自由基的清除能力更强,同时还具有较强的还原能力。     

椪柑籽油提取工艺优化及其抗氧化活性的研究

本研究以椪柑籽为原料,采用响应面法优化压榨及亚临界丁烷萃取工艺,得到椪柑籽油最佳提取条件,并对所得椪柑籽油进行抗氧化活性研究。结果表明压榨法最佳工艺条件为加热时间2 min、微波功率900 w和喷水比例2.10%,出油率达到27.12%；亚临界丁烷萃取最佳工艺条件为萃取次数4次、萃取温度45 ℃、萃取时间43 min,出油率达到10.02%。高效液相色谱分析结果表明,亚临界椪柑籽油中橙皮苷含量(49.60 μg/g)和柚皮苷含量(30.07 μg/g)分别高于压榨椪柑籽油中橙皮苷含量(17.29 μg/g)和柚皮苷含量(28.30 μg/g)。当样品质量浓度为50 mg/mL,亚临界椪柑籽油DPPH自由基清除率为71.81%,ABTS自由基清除率为48.66%,总抗氧化能力为0.123 mmol/L。压榨椪柑籽油DPPH自由基清除率为24.34%,ABTS自由基清除率为15.11%,总抗氧化能力为0.102 mmol/L。因此,亚临界椪柑籽油比压榨椪柑籽油具有更强的抗氧化活性。     

厚朴籽不同溶剂萃取物抗氧化活性比较分析

为研究厚朴籽抗氧化成分,测定厚朴籽90%乙醇粗提物及其石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇和水萃取物的1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)自由基清除活性,2,2-联氮基-双-(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐(2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulonic acid),ABTS)自由基清除活性和铁离子还原能力(ferric reducing antioxidant power,FRAP),同时测定其总酚及总黄酮含量。结果发现,乙酸乙酯萃取物的总酚和总黄酮的含量最高,含量依次为(253.64±7.25)和(179.11±0.61)mg/g。厚朴籽乙醇粗提物和萃取物具有一定抗氧化活性,其中乙酸乙酯萃取物的抗氧化活性最强,DPPH自由基清除活性显著(P<0.05)高于阳性对照BHT,其IC₅₀仅为(29.33±2.31)μg/mL;乙酸乙酯萃取物ABTS自由基清除活性与V_C相当,IC₅₀分别(30.33±1.53)和(31.67±3.06)μg/mL;厚朴籽乙醇粗提物和萃取物对铁离子的还原能力较低,均显著(P<0.05)低于阳性对照V_C和BHT。相关性显示,厚朴籽三种体外抗氧化活性均与总酚和总黄酮极显著相关(P<0.01)。以上结果表明,乙酸乙酯可以富集厚朴籽酚类物质,为下一步厚朴籽抗氧化物质分离奠定了理论依据。     

木瓜抗氧化活性研究

采用DPPH法、ABTS法和FRAP法三种测定法对木瓜叶和木瓜果实体外抗氧化活性进行综合评价,并分析其总多酚与总黄酮含量与抗氧化活性的关系。结果表明:木瓜6个提取物中,木瓜叶乙酸乙酯部位清除ABTS自由基及还原Fe3+(IC50=6.66μg/mL,TEAC=1293.25μmol/g)最强,其中,清除ABTS自由基活性和阳性对照BHT(IC50=6.56μg/mL)相当,还原Fe3+能力低于BHT(TEAC=2503.17μmol/g);木瓜果实乙酸乙酯部位清除DPPH自由基(IC50=48.99μg/mL)能力最强,弱于阳性对照BHT(IC50=24.49μg/mL)。木瓜叶乙酸乙酯部位清除ABTS自由基及还原Fe3+的能力可能与其多酚、黄酮含量高有关,木瓜果实乙酸乙酯部位清除DPPH自由基的能力可能也与其多酚、黄酮含量高有关。     

不同极性罗汉果根萃取物抗氧化活性研究

首次采用DPPH自由基清除法、ABTS试剂盒法、FRAP试剂盒法3种体外抗氧化活性测定体系分别测定了罗汉果根中4种不同极性溶剂萃取物的抗氧化活性,结果表明,4种萃取物对DPPH、ABTS、FRAP自由基均有清除作用,其中氯仿萃取物、甲醇萃取物效果最佳,该研究结果为进一步开发利用罗汉果根资源和罗汉果活性成分研究提供科学依据。     

元宝枫翅果3种活性成分及抗氧化能力研究

对元宝枫翅果的果翅、种皮、仁粕中的总酚、缩合单宁和总黄酮3种活性成分含量进行测定,并应用FRAP法、DPPH自由基清除能力和ABTS+·清除能力等方法对翅果提取物的体外抗氧化能力进行评价。结果表明,种皮中3种活性成分含量最高,其总酚、缩合单宁和总黄酮含量分别为342. 83 mgGAE/g、847. 45 mgCE/g、57. 66 mgRT/g,仁粕中含量最低;翅果不同部位提取物的FRAP抗氧化能力、对DPPH自由基和ABTS+·的清除能力均存在显著性差异,提取物的体外抗氧化能力依次表现为:种皮果翅仁粕;相关性分析发现,翅果不同部位提取物中总酚和缩合单宁含量与抗氧化能力呈显著正相关。     

油牡丹籽粕蛋白质提取工艺优化及其抗氧化活性研究

以经超临界CO2萃取提油后的油牡丹籽粕为原料，研究油牡丹籽粕蛋白质提取工艺、氨基酸组成和抗氧化活性。通过Osborne分级法分离出四种蛋白质，并对清蛋白、醇溶蛋白、谷蛋白及球蛋白提取工艺进行初步优化，采用响应面法分析油牡丹籽粕主要蛋白质清蛋白最佳提取条件，分析四种蛋白质的氨基酸组成。在此基础上，通过DPPH及ABTS自由基清除率评价四种蛋白的抗氧化效果。研究结果表明：油牡丹籽粕清蛋白、球蛋白、醇溶蛋白、谷蛋白的最佳提取条件为粉碎度100目，提取温度依次为45、40、50、30℃，提取时间依次为86、100、100、60 min，清蛋白提取率为47.02%。此外，四种蛋白质均为完全蛋白质具有较强的DPPH自由基清除能力及ABTS自由基清除率能力。油牡丹籽粕蛋白是优质蛋白质资源，本研究为油牡丹籽粕综合利用奠定理论基础。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press