基于连续视差图差分算法的运动人体检测方法研究

运动人体的分析技术是计算机视觉技术的重要研究领域之一,主要研究内容包括运动人体的检测、跟踪、理解和描述。运动人体检测就是在视频序列中将运动人体区域从复杂的背景中提取出来。本论文采取了一种基于连续视差图差分算法的检测方法,即先估计相邻两帧的全局运动模型参数来对参考图像帧视差图做全局运动补偿,对相邻两帧视差图进行差分,再将差分图像进行二值化处理、形态学滤波和连通分量提取并去掉一些较小的连通区域,从而得到准确的运动人体区域。通过实验验证,该方法可以获得准确的运动人体检测结果,并在检测精度和检测速度之间取得了平衡。     

彩色序列图像中移动目标定位与区域提取

提出一种基于彩色序列图像提取移动目标区域的新方法。首先采用时态差分法进行运动目标定位,对彩色序列图像进行差分;然后通过选择阈值将彩色差分图像转化为二值图像;为了克服背景扰动和摄像头抖动,采用了对称差分算法,使得运动目标的定位更为准确。最后在对称差分的基础上,通过投影提取移动目标区域,为了消除扰动造成的影响,采用了杂块去除和区域合并方法。实验结果表明所提方法能有效快速地提取出移动目标。     

基于动态阈值对称差分和背景差法的运动对象检测算法

提出一种基于动态阈值对称差分和背景差法的运动对象检测算法.首先通过建立一个基于统计的可靠背景更新模型,由背景差法得到基本准确的前景图像;然后与用对称差分法得到的差分图像综合;最后得到完整可靠的运动目标图像.中间采用了一种动态的最优阈值获取方法,然后用形态学滤波和连通区域面积检测进行后处理,以消除噪声和背景扰动带来的影响,并用区域填充算法来填补目标区域的小孔,从而将视频序列中的运动目标比较可靠地检测出来.实验结果表明,该方法快速、准确,有一定的实际应用价值.     

基于改进差分和光流的新型运动目标检测方法

针对运动目标检测中的空洞和虚假目标的问题, 提出一种改进差分和改进光流的运动目标检测方法. 该方法首先对连续的七帧图像依次进行预处理、差分、灰度变换和二值化处理, 并将前、后三帧二值图像分别累加得到的二值图像进行逻辑与运算, 得到中间帧中运动目标的粗略区域; 其次将中间帧与背景帧差分, 并对得到的图像进行边缘提取和二值化处理, 然后对其进行像素的算术运算, 得到中间帧中运动目标的精确区域; 在基础上通过改进的光流法得到运动目标的准确信息; 最后通过阈值分割和形态学处理完成对目标的分割. 对比实验表明, 该方法能实现运动目标的准确快速检测与分割.     

一种简单有效的运动目标检测算法

针对固定场景中运动目标检测遇到的运动目标状态突变,非运动目标干扰以及阴影等问题,提出了一种背景差分和帧间差分相结合的运动目标检测算法;该算法首先通过平均法背景模型确立背景,使用背景差分得到一幅二值化前景图像,然后将通过连续的多帧图像进行相邻帧差分得到的多幅二值化前景图像进行逻辑或运算,最后将运算结果同背景差分所得到的二值化前景图像进行逻辑与运算,得到最终运动目标区域;实验表明,该算法运算速度快,准确率高,并能满足实时检测的需要;不足之处是在摄像机与运动物体夹角很小的情况下,检测效果较差,但可以通过多台摄像机协同操作来达到理想的效果.     

一种视频运动目标的检测与识别方法

给出连续图像帧差分和二次帧差分改进的图像HSI差分模型,采用自适应分割算法能在任意条件下自动提取运动目标区域.定义运动目标的特征分析和计算,通过特征匹配判断,识别所需识别目标的区域.实验结果表明该方法是有效的,且有良好的鲁棒性.     

基于时空背景差的运动目标检测算法

假定图像序列的背景图像已经获得,提出一种基于时空背景差的运动目标检测算法.该算法融合背景差分、基于时间信息的帧间差分及基于空间信息的背景差分信息,得到真实运动物体的运动种子点,认为背景差分图像中包含运动种子点的连通区域为真实的前景目标,从而可以检测出正确而完整的前景目标.仿真实验表明,该算法可以避免背景模型对场景的表征不足及背景更新阶段造成的错误检测,即使在场景中存在微小运动的复杂环境下,仍能实现准确的运动分割.     

视频中的多视角人脸检测与姿态判别

提出了一种基于多种信息融合的多视角人脸检测方法.对视频图像通过对称差分算法检测运动区域,利用神经网络肤色模型对运动区域进行肤色识别,将多视角多人脸检测简化在候选区域内;最后通过集成多神经网络,其中每个神经网络负责一定视角的图像,实现了人脸验证,同时可以粗略地判定人脸姿态.实验结果表明该算法可适应不同的光照环境,检测不同大小,不同视角的人脸.     

融合HSV空间与形态学的救生衣图像分割

针对轮船渡口拍摄图像背景复杂、噪声大、模糊的特点,提出一种融合HSV颜色空间信息和数学形态学处理的图像分割方法,并进行背景差分提取前景,消除错误的背景分割。首先提取目标物体的HSV颜色特征值,然后利用得到的特征值标记ROI区域,对该含有标记信息的二值图像进行数学形态学处理得到连通区域图,通过连通区域外轮廓找出最外矩形边界,最后利用背景差分消除背景干扰。将该方法应用于轮渡安全中救生衣的检测,实验结果表明,能快速有效地实现救生衣图像分割,并对分割区域进行计数。     

一种面向机动的低成本姿态测量系统

载体作机动运动时,基于加速度计和磁传感器的姿态测量系统易受载体运动加速度的影响而导致测量精度降低.通过将GPS加速度引入重力观测方程,有效补偿了载体运动加速度造成的姿态测量误差.利用基于重力场和地磁场矢量观测的迭代最小二乘姿态确定算法得到修正罗德里格姿态参数.姿态信息通过互补滤波器与陀螺仪测量值融合以提高动态响应.实验结果表明,该低成本姿态测量系统可明显提高机动环境下的姿态测量精度,姿态角测量误差小于3°.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。