盐酸改性海泡石对含Ni~(2+)废水处理效果研究

以天然海泡石为原料,以盐酸为改性剂,制备了盐酸改性海泡石并用于含Ni2+废水的处理。以盐酸改性海泡石对Ni2+吸附量为评价指标,考察了吸附时间、反应温度、p H和Ni2+初始质量浓度对实验结果的影响。实验发现,在一定条件下,盐酸改性海泡石对Ni2+的吸附量随着吸附时间、温度、p H与Ni2+初始质量浓度的增加而增加。盐酸改性海泡石对Ni2+的吸附与二级动力学方程(K2=0.627 7,Qe=2.59)和Langmuir等温吸附模型(Qmax=3.34,KL=0.022 6)能够较好拟合。对质量浓度为50 mg/L的含Ni2+废水,在25℃,p H为5,10 g/L盐酸改性海泡石投加量的条件下,所制备的盐酸改性海泡石对Ni2+的饱和吸附量为2.40 mg/g。考察了盐酸改性海泡石对ρ(Ni2+)为68.48 mg/L的某电镀生产废水的处理效果,其最佳实验θ为65℃,p H为6,t为30 min,投加量为30 g/L盐酸改性海泡石,此条件下Ni2+去除率为98.39%。     

改性海泡石吸附低浓度Ni(Ⅱ)-CA的研究

利用3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷对海泡石进行改性,用于吸附柠檬酸络合镍(Ni(Ⅱ)-CA)废水,考察了初始pH、吸附剂用量、吸附时间及初始浓度对柠檬酸镍吸附性能的影响,并结合吸附动力学和等温吸附模型对其分析。结果表明,Ni(Ⅱ)-CA浓度为5 mg/L,加入12 g/L吸附剂,pH为6时,室温下反应40 min左右达到平衡,改性海泡石对柠檬酸镍的去除率与吸附量分别为96. 24%和0. 401 mg/g。经过改性后的海泡石吸附能力有较大提高,最大吸附量从0. 619 mg/g提升至1. 116 mg/g,提高了80%。准二级动力学模型和Langmuir等温吸附模型能较好地描述海泡石和改性海泡石对柠檬酸镍的吸附过程。     

改性海泡石吸附低浓度Ni(Ⅱ)-CA的研究

利用3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷对海泡石进行改性,用于吸附柠檬酸络合镍(Ni(Ⅱ)-CA)废水,考察了初始pH、吸附剂用量、吸附时间及初始浓度对柠檬酸镍吸附性能的影响,并结合吸附动力学和等温吸附模型对其分析。结果表明,Ni(Ⅱ)-CA浓度为5 mg/L,加入12 g/L吸附剂,pH为6时,室温下反应40 min左右达到平衡,改性海泡石对柠檬酸镍的去除率与吸附量分别为96. 24%和0. 401 mg/g。经过改性后的海泡石吸附能力有较大提高,最大吸附量从0. 619 mg/g提升至1. 116 mg/g,提高了80%。准二级动力学模型和Langmuir等温吸附模型能较好地描述海泡石和改性海泡石对柠檬酸镍的吸附过程。     

改性茶叶渣对含Cr(Ⅵ)废水的吸附研究

分别用羟基氧化铁、氢氧化钠、甲醛对茶叶渣改性,用其对Cr(Ⅵ)废水进行吸附,探讨了铬废水初始浓度、溶液p H、吸附剂用量、吸附温度和时间等因素对吸附率的影响。结果表明,甲醛改性茶叶渣吸附效果最好;吸附剂用量为0.75 g,铬废水初始浓度为50 mg/L,吸附时间为70 min,溶液p H为5,吸附温度为40℃时,茶叶渣的吸附率最佳,吸附率可达到96%。甲醛改性茶叶渣对Cr(Ⅵ)废水的吸附过程更符合二级动力学模型,平衡吸附量为2.25 mg/g。     

改性茶叶渣对含Cr(Ⅵ)废水的吸附研究

分别用羟基氧化铁、氢氧化钠、甲醛对茶叶渣改性,用其对Cr(Ⅵ)废水进行吸附,探讨了铬废水初始浓度、溶液p H、吸附剂用量、吸附温度和时间等因素对吸附率的影响。结果表明,甲醛改性茶叶渣吸附效果最好;吸附剂用量为0.75 g,铬废水初始浓度为50 mg/L,吸附时间为70 min,溶液p H为5,吸附温度为40℃时,茶叶渣的吸附率最佳,吸附率可达到96%。甲醛改性茶叶渣对Cr(Ⅵ)废水的吸附过程更符合二级动力学模型,平衡吸附量为2.25 mg/g。     

腐植酸型水凝胶p(HA/AA/IPA)的合成及对镍离子的吸附作用研究

以天然有机高分子腐植酸为主要原料,与丙烯酸、N-异丙基丙烯酰胺通过反相悬浮聚合制备一种新型腐植酸型水凝胶p(HA/AA/IPA),利用静态法对水溶液中的Ni2+离子进行吸附性能研究。考察了溶液的pH值、吸附时间、水凝胶的投加量及Ni2+初始浓度对吸附效果的影响。试验结果表明,吸附达到平衡时的吸附时间是6 h,pH值适宜范围是4.5~7.5,最佳吸附温度是32℃,Ni2+的初始浓度小于70 mg/L,水凝胶的投加量为0.5 g/L,此时Ni2+的吸附量达到49.8 mg/g,吸附性能优越,证明水凝胶p(HA/AA/IPA)可以作为去除水中Ni2+的良好吸附剂。     

甘蔗渣活性炭处理含铬电镀废水

以甘蔗渣为原料,氯化锌为活化剂,通过微波辐射制备了活性炭,并以此活性炭为吸附剂处理含铬电镀废水。考察了Cr初始质量浓度、溶液p H、活性炭用量、吸附时间和吸附温度对活性炭吸附量及Cr的去除率的影响。结果表明,对初始质量浓度20.00 mg/L,p H为5的模拟含Cr废水,投加1 g/L甘蔗渣活性炭,在20°C下吸附60 min,Cr的去除率可达94.00%。采用该法处理实际含铬电镀废水,出水可达标排放。     

改性高岭土吸附低含量CA-Cu的研究

利用3-巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷对高岭土进行改性,利用改性高岭土吸附去除模拟废水中的柠檬酸络合铜(CACu),并对比了较优条件下高岭土改性前后的吸附性能。结果表明,初始CA-Cu含量、吸附剂投加量、p H、吸附时间对改性高岭土吸附络合铜均有一定影响;在初始CA-Cu质量浓度为5 mg/L,吸附剂投加量为15 g/L,p H为5时,吸附大概在30 min达到平行,吸附率从36.1%提升至93.9%;经过改性的高岭土吸附能力有了较大提高,最大吸附量从0.19 mg/g提高到0.54 mg/g,提高了184%。改性高岭土对络合铜的吸附过程符合准2级动力学模型和Langmuir等温吸附模型。     

UV/Fe3+/H2O2催化-混凝联合工艺处理络合铜镍废水

采用UV/Fe3+/H2O2催化-混凝联合工艺对难处理络合铜镍电镀废水进行了研究,考察了Fe3+和H2O2初始浓度、初始pH值、温度、反应时间及混凝液pH、混凝剂质量浓度对处理过程的影响,探讨了废水的降解途径和机理.结果表明在体系初始pH=3,温度50℃,H2O2和Fe3+初始浓度分别为1.5×10-4mo1/L、2.5×10-5mo1/L,反应时间60min,混凝液pH=8及混凝剂质量浓度为500mg/L的条件下,废水的COD去除率为96.98%,Cu2+为99.91%,Ni2+为99.92%,处理水达到国家一级排放要求.同时依据GC/MS对X-GN降解最终产物的分析结果,推导出废水的基本降解机理和途径.     

插层水滑石对水中Cd2+吸附性能研究

制备了Zn Al-NO3-LDH和Zn Al-EGTA-LDH。考察了Zn Al-NO3-LDH和Zn Al-EGTA-LDH在不同温度、初始浓度、不同p H值、不同时间条件下对废水中Cd2+的吸附量,结果显示Zn Al-EGTA-LDH对Cd2+的吸附量大于Zn Al-NO3-LDH;在无其他干扰离子,温度为40℃,p H值=5,Cd2+的初始浓度为70mg·L-1,吸附时间为3 h,对Cd2+最大静态吸附量为187.51 mg/g。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。