聚多巴胺-聚偏氟乙烯复合膜在304不锈钢上的制备及防腐性能

采用自组装的方法用多巴胺盐酸盐溶液在经过抛光处理的304不锈钢表面形成一层聚多巴胺(PDA)薄膜,然后采用刮涂法用聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)溶液在经过聚多巴胺改性后的不锈钢表面形成涂层。通过纳米压痕法研究了PDA–PVDF复合涂层与不锈钢基底之间的相互作用,测量了复合涂层的水接触角。借助动电位极化曲线测量和电化学阻抗谱研究了复合涂层的抗腐蚀性能。结果表明,PDA薄膜改性后的304不锈钢样品表面与PVDF涂层的粘附性大大增强,复合涂层修饰过的304不锈钢表面疏水性增强,耐腐蚀性得到了提升。     

304不锈钢上纳米TiO2涂层的制备与防腐蚀性能研究

采用溶胶–凝胶法和浸渍提拉法在304不锈钢上制备出均匀致密、彩色透明的纳米TiO2防腐蚀涂层。制备的最佳工艺条件是提拉4次,400°C热处理1h。在w(NaCl)=3%的NaCl溶液中的电化学测试表明,纳米TiO2/304不锈钢在有紫外光照射下其腐蚀电位低于304不锈钢基体。纳米TiO2涂层作为非牺牲性阳极对304不锈钢基体具有阴极保护作用和优异的防腐蚀性能。     

聚苯胺/纳米碳酸钙复合物的制备及其防腐性能

以苯胺单体为原料、过硫酸铵为氧化剂,采用化学氧化法制备了本征态聚苯胺,将其与纳米CaCO3通过溶液共混法制备了聚苯胺/CaCO3复合物。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外–可见光谱(UV–Vis)和红外光谱(IR)对聚苯胺/CaCO3复合物进行了形貌观察和结构表征。分别以聚苯胺、聚苯胺/CaCO3复合物为填料,加入到环氧树脂(EP)/聚酰胺固化剂体系中,在碳钢表面制备了EP/聚苯胺和EP/聚苯胺/CaCO3复合涂层,通过开路电位、极化曲线和交流阻抗谱等电化学方法对比研究了裸钢以及含EP涂层、EP/聚苯胺涂层、EP/聚苯胺/CaCO3复合涂层的碳钢试片在3.5%NaCl溶液中浸泡不同时间的腐蚀行为。结果表明,聚苯胺膜较好地包覆在CaCO3纳米粒子表面;CaCO3的加入增强了涂层的致密性,提高了聚苯胺分子对金属基体的粘附力。含有聚苯胺/纳米CaCO3复合物的环氧涂层具有最强的抗腐蚀能力,其次为环氧/聚苯胺涂层;两者相比,EP/聚苯胺/CaCO3复合涂层的腐蚀电位正移了59 mV,腐蚀电流密度降低了63%。     

SnO_2掺杂IrO_2–Ta_2O_5涂层阳极的电催化活性及稳定性

采用热分解法制备了不同SnO2含量(Sn摩尔分数为7.7%、14.3%和20.0%)的Ti基IrO2–Ta2O5–SnO2涂层阳极(Ir与Ta的摩尔比为2∶1),通过循环伏安法、极化曲线测试和交流阻抗谱分析了涂层的电催化活性,采用强化寿命试验测试了阳极的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明,掺杂SnO2后,Ti基IrO2–Ta2O5涂层阳极的催化活性表面积增大,但是析氧电位及涂层的总电阻也增大,耐腐蚀性能降低。SnO2含量为7.7%时综合电催化性能最佳。     

TiO_2负载埃洛石纳米管杂化材料的制备及其在环氧复合涂层中的应用

通过溶胶凝胶法,在天然埃洛石纳米管(HNTs)外壁负载纳米Ti O2晶粒,有效控制了纳米Ti O2粒子的团聚,获得了HNTs负载Ti O2的杂化材料(Ti O2-HNTs)。扫描式电子显微镜(SEM)与X射线衍射(XRD)分析结果表明,纳米Ti O2粒子成功负载于HNTs表面。分别制备了不同Ti O2-HNTs含量的环氧树脂复合涂层,利用热重分析(TGA)、电化学交流阻抗(EIS)、耐磨性测试等表征了复合涂层的性能。结果表明:环氧树脂复合涂层的耐磨性与耐腐蚀性相比于纯环氧树脂均有一定的提高,当Ti O2-HNTs含量为4%时,复合涂层的综合性能最佳。     

不锈钢表面PANI/Nd2O3/EP复合涂层的制备与性能

为提高环氧复合涂层在304不锈钢表面的防腐性能,采用原位聚合法将聚苯胺(PANI)和氧化钕(Nd₂O₃)制成PANI/Nd₂O₃复合材料,再将其作为增料剂添加到环氧树脂(EP)中,制得PANI/Nd₂O₃/EP复合涂层。通过改变PANI/Nd₂O₃在环氧树脂中的含量,探究了PANI/Nd₂O₃复合材料对复合涂层的附着力、防腐性能和疏水性能的影响。结果表明：添加适量的PANI/Nd₂O₃复合材料可以提高涂层的附着力,增强其防腐性能及疏水性能。当PANI/Nd₂O₃复合材料的质量分数为4%时,复合涂层的附着力、防腐性能和疏水性能均达到最佳。     

UV固化TiO_2光催化涂料的制备及性能研究

以六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)三聚体、二乙醇胺、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)为主要原料合成了低分子量多官能度UV固化预聚物。以该预聚物为成膜树脂,与锐钛型Ti O2乙醇分散液混合,制备了UV固化Ti O2光催化涂层。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、1H–核磁共振、凝胶色谱等对合成预聚物的结构和性能进行表征。探讨了Ti O2含量对涂层附着力、铅笔硬度、耐水性、水接触角和光照稳定性的影响,研究了在模拟太阳光照下不同Ti O2含量UV固化涂层对水中亚甲基蓝的光催化降解作用。结果表明,Ti O2含量为0.9%时,涂层具有较好的机械性能和耐水性,且2 h就可使亚甲基蓝溶液褪色。通过热重分析仪测得涂层的起始分解温度为220°C,热稳定性较好。     

聚苯胺/纳米Al_2O_3复合材料的制备及其防腐性能研究

在纳米Al_2O_3粒子存在的情况下,以苯胺单体为原料,过硫酸铵为氧化剂,采用化学氧化聚合法制备了聚苯胺/纳米Al_2O_3,复合物。分别用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-vis)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)对产物进行形貌观察和结构表征。将涂覆含有聚苯胺和聚苯胺/纳米Al_2O_3,复合物涂层的碳钢片,浸泡于质量分数为3.5%的NaCl溶液中,通过开路电位、极化曲线和交流阻抗来评价涂层的防腐性能。结果表明,涂层中含有聚苯胺/纳米Al_2O_3复合物的碳钢片抗腐蚀能力强于含聚苯胺的碳钢片,腐蚀电位最高,腐蚀电流密度最小;而裸钢片腐蚀电位最小,腐蚀电流密度最大。     

电聚合聚吡咯双层复合涂层对不锈钢的防腐蚀研究

为了提高不锈钢材料在酸性环境中的耐腐蚀性,通过电聚合技术于304不锈钢基体上沉积内层掺杂磷钼酸、外层掺杂樟脑磺酸的导电性聚吡咯复合防腐蚀涂层(PPY-PMA/PPY-CSA),通过FT-IR、SEM、EDX、电化学性能测试等手段探讨了其与单层磷钼酸掺杂的聚吡咯涂层(PPY-PMA)之间的组成、结构、形貌和防腐蚀性能的差异。结果表明:PPY-PMA/PPY-CSA复合涂层附着力强,结构更为致密,在0.3 mol/L的H₂SO₄溶液中,PPY-PMA/PPY-CSA复合涂层可通过内、外层涂层的相互作用及缓蚀剂的释放为304不锈钢提供优异的防腐蚀作用。在288 h服役期间内,PPY-PMA/PPY-CSA复合涂层未出现退化现象,相对于PPY-PMA涂层防腐蚀性能更为稳定。     

PANI/N-K_2Ti_4O_9/UiO-66复合材料的制备及光催化性能研究

用自组装法将金属有机框架UiO-66负载到低带隙半导体N-K2Ti4O9的表面,然后采用原位氧化复合法制备导电聚合物聚苯胺粘结的PANI/N-K2Ti4O9/UiO-66复合光催化剂(复合材料A),制备了N-K2Ti4O9和UiO-66不同比例物理混合后再粘结聚苯胺的复合材料B。采用红外(IR)、场发射透射电镜(FETEM)、荧光光谱(PL)对复合材料的结构、形貌进行表征。结果表明,UiO-66负载到棒状N-K2Ti4O9的表面呈现核壳结构,聚苯胺(PANI)粘结在核壳结构N-K2Ti4O9/UiO-66的表面形成复合材料,PANI粘结可以有效降低电子-空穴复合率,复合材料A具有最好的光催化性能。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。