TiN对连铸保护渣黏度的影响

采用旋转黏度计并结合XRD分析系统研究了不同碱度条件下,TiN对连铸保护渣黏度的影响。结果表明TiN可以增加连铸保护渣的黏度。TiN加入量〈5％时,对连铸保护渣的黏度影响较小。随着CaO／SiO2的增大,添加10％TIN连铸保护渣的黏度先迅速减小而后有所增大。添加10％TIN,CaO／SiO2为0．3的连铸保护渣中仅存在TiN晶体。CaO／SiO2为1．5的连铸保护渣中出现钙钛矿（CaTiO3）、硅酸二钙（Ca2SiO4）、枪晶石（Ca4Si2O7F2）、霞石（NaAlSiO4）及TiN。     

实际射流参数对加热条件下液体燃料射流不稳定性的影响

利用线性热不稳定性理论,对黏性液体射入高温气体介质所对应的色散方程进行了数值求解．利用所得到的计算结果,研究了加热条件下射流速度、气液密度比、液体黏度、温度梯度及液体种类等实际射流参数对射流最大扰动增长率及占优波数的影响规律．研究结果表明：对于加热条件下Reyleigh模式的液体射流,气液密度比、温度梯度是射流破碎的失稳因素,而射流速度、液体黏度则是液体射流破碎的促稳因素;对于Taylor模式的液体射流,射流速度、温度梯度、气液密度比是射流破碎的失稳因素,而液体黏度是液体射流破碎的促稳因素．研究结果同时证明了液体种类的改变对射流不稳定性的影响是多种因素共同作用的结果．     

钒电池中高浓度VOSO_4水溶液黏度预测CSCD

全钒氧化还原液流电池的电解液是能量储存与转化的核心。黏度作为电解质重要的传输性质,不仅是所需的基础数据,还可以反映出电解质溶液性质,内部离子间的相互作用机理和溶液的微观结构等。开展钒电池电解液黏度的研究对钒电池整体性能的提高具有重要指导意义。在283.15~323.15 K温度范围内测量了0.5~3.0 mol/kg VOSO_4水溶液的动力黏度和密度,计算了VOSO_4水溶液的活化能。在Eyring液体黏度理论的基础上,提出了可以预测高浓度VOSO_4水溶液黏度的半经验方程,并对实验值和计算值进行了比较,结果良好,平均相对偏差为0.3%。另外此种半经验方法也可以推广到其它电解质体系,同时也是对复杂溶液体系物化理论的重要补充。     

汽爆玉米秸秆悬浮液及酶解液的流变特性

利用NDJ-79型旋转黏度计研究蒸汽爆破玉米秸秆悬浮液及酶解液的流变特性。结果表明:蒸汽爆破玉米秸秆悬浮液表观黏度随剪切率的增加而降低,表现出非牛顿假塑性流体的性质,利用幂律模型对其进行拟合,R2均在0.98以上;随温度的升高而降低,利用Arrhenius关联式对其进行拟合,R2均在0.94以上;随底物浓度的增加而上升,呈现出一定的依时性。蒸汽爆破玉米秸秆酶解液糖度随酶解反应的进行呈现出逐渐增加的趋势,而表观黏度则呈现降低的趋势。     

喷油嘴高压液体流量试验台的研究和试制

孔式喷油嘴偶件的高压液体流量测量,在国内尚未正式开展,所用试验设备也处于空白状态。本文介绍了研制的可用于批量生产中的喷油嘴高压液体流量试验台,从测量原理和方法,到试验台的基本技术参数、结构、控制系统、测量系统和使用操作。该试验台操作使用方便,工作可靠,直接读出高压液体瞬时流量值(L/min),测试快捷,测量精度高。希望能对柴油机油泵油嘴行业开展喷油嘴偶件高压液体流量测量,从而为提高产品质量,起到积极作用。     

含能液体高压燃速的测量装置与试验结果

报道了一种新型的含能液体高压燃速测量装置，即利用包覆火药燃烧产生恒压环境，借助离子探针测速技术定量测试OTTO-Ⅱ在55-122MPa范围内的线燃速．结果表明，它满足指数燃速定律，并从试验数据拟合出燃速系数和燃速指数，其结果可为液体推进系统内弹道设计提供基础数据．     

柴油与水乳化液的流变特性

采用自行配置的复合型乳化剂,通过超声波方法制得了柴油和水乳化液,并进行了相应乳化液的黏度特性实验．乳化液在给定组分配比下近似为牛顿流体,乳化剂种类、质量分数以及乳化液组分等均对乳化液的流变特性具有显著的影响．组分相同的乳化液,黏度随着乳化剂质量分数和黏度的增加而增加;当乳化剂质量分数和黏度相同时,乳化液的黏度随着乳化液中柴油质量分数（柴油不少于50％）的减少而增加．     

生物膜滴滤塔液体分布器实验研究

以有机废气处理生物膜滴滤塔为背景，分别设计了盘式和槽式两种液体分布器，通过实验研究了液体喷淋密度、喷淋区域等对液体分布器分布性能的影响，并对两种分布器的液体分配特性进行了比较，盘式液体分布器的液体分配性能总体上优于槽式液体分布器。随后针对盘式液体研究了安装水平度、进液方式对液体分布性能的影响。     

油品质量参数（四）

黏度。黏度是反映油品流动性,即液体分子在运动过程中相互作用强弱的一种指标。液体分子相互作用强（黏度大）,则流动难。石蜡基型原油含烷烃较多,分子间力的作用相对较小,黏度较低;环烷基原油含脂环、芳香烃较多,黏度一般较大。但需注意的是,油品的流动性并非仅决定于黏度,它还与油品的倾点（或凝点）有关。     

三维瞬变喷雾场浓度与温度分布的激光干涉层析（三）──实验系统及测试结果与分析

为了对柴油机大型喷嘴三维喷束的浓度与温度分布进行测量，本文设计和研制了一套测量与实验系统，并通过选模技术改善了激光光质，从而保证实验顺利进行。利用激光干涉层析术首次对瞬变喷束两油束交叉区的三维浓度与温度分布进行了实际测量，得到较积极的结论。     

Study on the viscosity of jojoba oil blends with biodiesel or petroleum diesel

In this study, generalized equations for predicting temperature-dependent viscosities of jojoba oil/biodiesel (JO-BD) and jojoba oil/diesel blends are given and a Buddenbrerg–Wilke mixing equation for predicting the viscosities of the blends is used. For JO-BD blends, the maximum overall absolute average deviation obtained using the proposed models is 1.85% and it is comparable with that obtained using Tat and Van Gerpen (1.96%) model and at the same time lower than those obtained using Walther model (4.61%) and Wang–Briggs model (4.68%). The results obtained using Buddenbrerg–Wilke mixing equation are in agreement with those obtained using Arrhenius and Cragoe mixing models.     

The effect of ethoxylated nonyl phenols on viscosity of crude oil

In this study, viscosities of different crude oils was determined in the temperature range of (298–373 K) in presence of ethoxylated nonyl phenols as nonionic surfactant with ethoxy group numbers 4 and 9 (nonyl phenol 4 and nonyl phenol 9). Viscosity was measured using Viscolab PVT viscometer. Viscosity of crude oil decreased with the increase of concentration in the range of 0–1.4 g l^?1). The most radical change was observed in the presence of nonyl phenol 9. For both surfactants, the viscosities of crude oil decreased with the increase of temperature, but the effect of temperature on the viscosity of crude oil decreased when surfactant concentration increased. Because of the formation of mixed micellar aggregates, the effect of mixed surfactants on the reduction of viscosity was more obvious than individual surfactant, but mixed surfactants had very little sensitivity to the temperature than individual surfactant. The best mixture of two surfactants system was observed in the mass ratio of 3 for nonyl phenol 9 and nonyl phenol 4.     

Comparison tests for plasma viscosity measurements

The present study measured plasma viscosity using three different viscometers: Ostwald capillary-tube viscometer, Brookfield rotating viscometer, and scanning capillary-tube viscometer (SCTV). The plasma viscosity data obtained using Ostwald viscometer at 37 °C with the conversion constant provided by its manufacturer were in good agreement with those obtained using Brookfield viscometer at 37 °C. In addition, the plasma viscosity data obtained using SCTV were in excellent agreement with those from Brookfield viscometer. However, when the Ostwald viscometer is used for plasma viscosity measurements at the room temperature, one should be cautioned because the conversion constant provided by manufacturers may not be applicable to the room temperature as the surface tension of plasma depends on temperature, affecting the accuracy of the plasma viscosity measurement.     

Experimental exploration and theoretical certainty of thermal conductivity and viscosity of MgO-therminol 55 nanofluid

In this study, a combination of thermal conductivity, viscosity, and density characteristics are experimentally probed for attaining maximum heat transfer using MgO-Therminol 55 as nanofluid is reported. Recent studies proved that nanofluids have miserable properties that make them feasibly useful in many applications in heat transfer compared to base fluid.MgO-Therminol 55 nanofluid is synthesized by diffusion of MgO nanoparticles of size 160–190 nm in Therminol 55 at different concentrations (0.05%–0.3%). Thermal conductivity and viscosity are calculated at a temperature range of 30–60°C using kd₂ analyzer and Fenske viscometer. Data obtained from the experimental results reveals that when volume concentration is increased with respect to that thermal conductivity increases, viscosity decreases and density decreases at different temperatures. The proposed models were supportive to the experimental data.     

主动式太阳热水系统自控方式

通过对现行主动式太阳热水系统水泵的控制方案进行分析比较,提出了一种新型控制方案。无论在何种天气条件下,这种控制方案都可使主动式太阳热水系统净收益达到最优值。时间控制模式、辐射量控制模式及温差控制模式相对于新型控制模式的最大收益偏差率分别为:-8.49%、-100%、-96.19%。     

A correlation model of thermal entrainment factor for air curtain in a vertical open display cabinet

Thermal entrainment factor (TEF) is an important parameter to describe the cold preservation performance of a display cabinet. In order to calculate the TEF of a display cabinet rapidly and accurately, the method of establishing a correlation model based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation results is presented and the correlation model of TEF for typical single and double air curtain in a vertical open display cabinet is developed in this paper. The TEF of display cabinet predicted by the correlation model gives a maximum deviation of ?9.4% and a mean deviation of ?0.1% compared with the published experimental data. In addition, the correlation model can be used to calculate the air curtain return temperature, showing a maximum deviation of 0.9 °C and an average deviation of 0.1 °C compared with the published experimental data.     

测量多缸内燃机单缸充气效率的压力波方法

提出了一种按准稳定流动处理方法，利用实测多缸内燃机进气门前后的压力波间接测量多缸内燃机单缸充气效率。利用奥地利AVL657内燃机数据采集分析仪等测试设备，通过测量和计算获得了各缸各工况下的进气充量和充气效率，并将测量结果与实测多缸内燃机平均充气效率进行了比较，充气效率值最大相差0．03，考察了该方法的可行性。得到的实验内燃机充气效率不均匀度值最大相差8．9％，用这种方法可以定量研究多缸机各缸进气充量的均匀性。     

Derivation of heat transfer equations for a closed solar desalination pond to predict the produced mass of potable water

In many developing countries, access to clean and drinkable water is a major necessity. The sweetening of saline water in these areas is used to provide water for different requirements. The solar distillation is based on solar technology. The aim of this study is to calculate the efficiency of a solar desalination pond to produce freshwater. To achieve the purpose of research and validation of the obtained mathematical results, the experimental measurements are used. The conservation law of energy is considered and mathematics is applied to predict the required heat for the evaporation process. Finally, a new mass transfer equation on the basis of experimental data is introduced to predict the efficiency of solar desalination pond performance. The obtained results show the maximum deviation between the experimental and theoretical condensation rates. In October, the deviation is 4.93%, approximately, whereas, this deviation for June is 1.75%, approximately. So, the mathematical equation can predict the efficiency of a solar desalination pond precisely.     

Estimation of thermal conductivity of CNTs-water in low temperature by artificial neural network and correlation

An accurate artificial neural network (ANN) model and new correlation are developed to predict thermal conductivity of functionalized carbon nanotubes (MWNT-10 nm in diameter)-water nanofluid based on experimental data. Experimental values of thermal conductivity are in six concentrations of nanoparticles from 0.005% up to 1.5%. The temperatures were changed within 10–60 °C. In order to estimate the thermal conductivity, a feed-forward three-layer neural network is utilized. The obtained results exhibited that the new correlation and ANN model have a good agreement with the experimental data. The maximum values of deviation and mean square error of neural network outputs were 2% and 8.2E − 05, respectively. The findings illustrated that the artificial neural network can estimate and model the thermal conductivity of CNTs-water nanofluid very efficiently and accurately.