有机相脂肪酶催化合成阿魏酸葡萄糖酯的工艺研究

研究在有机相中固定化脂肪酶催化阿魏酸葡萄糖酯的反应条件。以阿魏酸转化率为考察指标,以丁酮为反应溶剂,分别对反应时间、反应温度、酶浓度、酸糖摩尔比、底物浓度、酶p H等条件进行了探索,优化后的反应条件为反应时间32 h、反应温度65℃、酶浓度20 g/L、酸糖摩尔比1∶1、底物浓度0.1 mol/L、p H为7.0,在此条件下阿魏酸转化率为30.82%。     

非水相酶促合成阿魏酸酯及其对自由基的清除

在非水相反应体系中,研究脂肪酶Novozym 435催化合成阿魏酸油酸甘油酯。得出酶促合成反应的最佳溶剂为甲苯,摇床转速200 r/min,脂肪酶添加量与底物质量比为10%,反应温度55℃,底物阿魏酸乙酯与三油酸甘油酯的摩尔比为1:2,反应体系初始水活度应控制为0.11,反应过程中分子筛添加量为10%。在此反应条件下,反应120 h后产物最高产率可达56.63%。经过6个批次反应后,阿魏酸油酸甘油酯的产率降至41.08%,脂肪酶相对酶活保持在50%以上。通过考察阿魏酸酯对自由基的清除能力,发现产物阿魏酸单油酸甘油酯对DPPH·清除的~IC_(50)值仅为0.006 6 mg/mL,清除能力高于阿魏酸乙酯及阿魏酸双油酸甘油酯;阿魏酸双油酸甘油酯对O_2~-的清除能力与VC相当,显示了其对核黄素氧化较好的抑制效果。     

响应面优化溶剂体系酶催化阿魏酸乙酯与甘二酯酯交换合成阿魏酰基脂肪酰基结构脂

在异辛烷体系中,通过Novozym 435脂肪酶催化阿魏酸乙酯与甘二酯酯交换反应,以得到阿魏酰基脂肪酰基结构脂。利用Design Expert 8.0软件对响应面进行设计,通过对响应面实验优化和分析得出,3个因素对EF转化率影响大小顺序为:反应时间>加酶量>反应温度。并确定在此体系下酶法催化双硬脂酸甘二酯酯交换合成阿魏酰基脂肪酰基结构脂的最佳工艺条件为:反应温度67℃,反应时间18 h,加酶量11%,在此工艺条件下,可得到阿魏酸乙酯转化率为79.4%,亲脂性产品阿魏酰基脂肪酰基结构脂得率为60.0%。     

无溶剂体系两步酶法合成阿魏酰基结构脂

通过对不同途径合成阿魏酰基结构脂的研究,确立了减压旋转生物反应器两步酶法催化合成阿魏酰基结构脂的方法.采用减压旋转生物反应器,通过阿魏酸乙酯与甘油酯交换制备1-阿魏酰甘油酯,1-阿魏酰甘油酯再与油酸酯化,两步合成阿魏酰基结构脂,可显著提高反应速率和产物产率,两步反应平衡时,阿魏酸乙酯的转化率和阿魏酰基结构脂的产率分别达到100%和96%.     

酶法合成富含DHA、EPA甘油三酯的研究

以甘油和PUFA乙酯为底物,通过酶催化酯交换反应合成富含DHA、EPA的甘油三酯。首先以叔丁醇为溶剂合成甘油酯混合物,优化后的条件为:选择Novozyme 435脂肪酶为催化剂,反应温度50℃,甘油与PUFA乙酯摩尔比1:3,底物在叔丁醇中的质量浓度为200 g/L,酶加量为底物质量的2%,在此条件下反应12 h后PUFA乙酯的转化率可达到51.5%。将在此条件下得到的反应混合物除去叔丁醇,在真空条件下继续反应24 h,PUFA乙酯转化率可达到87.8%。得到的产品混合物甘油酯组成为:甘油三酯67.1%,甘油二酯18.2%,甘油单酯2.1%。     

有机相脂肪酶催化合成柠檬酸甘油酯

以脂肪酶为催化剂,在有机介质中合成柠檬酸甘油酯。对催化合成反应的脂肪酶和反应介质进行了筛选,最佳溶剂为叔丁醇,固定化于大孔丙烯酸树脂的Candida antarctica脂肪酶B(Novozym 435)的催化活性最好。同时对底物浓度、底物摩尔比、脂肪酶用量、吸水剂用量、反应温度和反应时间等条件进行了优化,确定最佳工艺参数为:酸浓度0.12mol/L,单甘酯和柠檬酸摩尔比2∶1,脂肪酶用量为质量分数8%,吸水剂用量0.12g/mL,50℃反应48h,柠檬酸转化率可达70.97%。经电喷雾质谱和红外光谱分析,反应产物主要是α-柠檬酸单硬脂酸甘油酯。     

响应面优化脂肪酶催化合成三棕榈酸甘油酯

以单因素实验为基础,采用响应面法优化脂肪酶CalB immo Plus在无溶剂体系中催化棕榈酸和甘油酯化反应合成三棕榈酯甘油酯工艺。结果表明：最佳合成工艺条件为反应时间12.8 h、底物摩尔比2.9∶?1、反应温度75?℃、加酶量4.4%,在此条件下,酯化率和甘三酯含量分别为95.44%和85.75%。     

有机相脂肪酶催化合成阿魏酸乙酯

本实验研究了有机溶剂中脂肪酶催化阿魏酸乙酯合成反应。对催化合成阿魏酸乙酯反应的脂肪酶和反应介质进行了比较,最佳溶剂为叔丁醇,在所选的6种脂肪酶中,固定化于大孔丙烯酸树脂的南极假丝酵母脂肪酶B(Novozym 435)的催化活性最好。同时对影响合成阿魏酸乙酯反应的因素(底物浓度、底物摩尔比、温度、初始水含量、反应时间等)进行了探讨,优化了反应条件:在10ml无水叔丁醇中,当酸醇摩尔比为1:1,酸浓度为0.1mol/L,反应温度为60℃,反应时间为120h时产率达到最高,脂肪酶Novozym 435具有较高的稳定性,重复使用六次后产率仍然可达到23%。     

无溶剂体系脂肪酶催化阿魏酸油酸甘油酯合成研究

采用Novozym 435脂肪酶作为催化剂,在无溶剂体系中进行阿魏酸乙酯和三油酸甘油酯的转酯反应,发现水活度(aw)明显影响转酯反应,阿魏酸油酸甘油酯产率在水活度<0.01到0.75范围内随着水活度的增加而提高.推测三油酸甘油酯的去油酰化是该转酯反应的限速步骤.为了提高阿魏酸油酸甘油酯的产率同时减少底物水解,采用向介质中添加甘油的方法取代提高水活度的方法.当甘油和底物三油酸甘油酯的物质的量比达1:3时,阿魏酸油酸甘油酯的产率达29.0%.采用减压旋转蒸发去除副产物乙醇可进一步提高阿魏酸油酸甘油酯的产率.确定的脂肪酶催化阿魏酸油酸甘油酯合成的最佳反应条件为:2.0 mmol三油酸甘油酯,1.0 mmol阿魏酸乙酯,0.67 mmol甘油,110 mg Novozym435脂肪酶,反应温度为60℃,真空度为0.001MPa,反应时间为72 h,此时阿魏酸油酸甘油酯的产率可达59.5%.固定化酶可反复使用多次,活性没有明显损失.     

米曲霉脂肪酶催化鱼油酯酯交换制备高含量EPA/DHA甘油酯的研究

利用米曲霉脂肪酶催化甘油酯型鱼油和乙酯型鱼油的酯酯交换反应制备高含量EPA/DHA甘油酯,考察了底物摩尔比、反应温度、酶添加量和摇床转速对酶催化反应的影响,得到了最优酶催化反应条件:甘油酯型鱼油与乙酯型鱼油摩尔比1∶3,酶添加量14%,反应温度70℃,摇床转速150 r/min。在最优的酶催化反应条件下反应18 h,产物甘油酯型鱼油EPA和DHA含量可达到39.72%。在优化条件下对米曲霉WZ007菌丝体重复使用6次,甘油酯型鱼油产品中的EPA和DHA含量仍保持在34.51%。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press