Correlation of eddy current responses between fatigue cracks and electrical-discharge-machining notches

The eddy current responses of Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) notches and fatigue cracks are directly compared to verify the reliability of eddy current inspection. The fatigue crack growth tests using a constant load range control mode were conducted to obtain a variety of edge crack sizes, ranging from 0.9 to 6.6 mm for Al alloy and from 0.1 to 3 mm for Ti alloy. EDM notch specimens of Al and Ti alloys were accordingly prepared in lengths similar to that of the fatigued specimen. The crack length was determined by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. The eddy current responses between the EDM and fatigued specimens with varying notch/crack length were examined using probe sensors at (100-500) kHz and (1-2) MHz for Al and Ti alloys, respectively. The results show a significant difference in the eddy current signal between the two specimens, based on the correlation between the eddy current response and notch/crack length. This suggests that eddy current inspection using the EDM reference specimen is inaccurate in determining the precise crack size, unless the eddy current response data base is obtained from a fatigue-cracked specimen.     

Analysis of eddy current interaction between a parallel coil and a ferromagnetic pipe with remanence

Eddy current field excited by a parallel coil placed next to a ferromagnetic pipe with remanence is studied in this paper. The influence of the remanence is analyzed at first. The analytical solutions to the ferromagnetic pipe eddy current field are deduced by means of a second-order vector potential formalism, and the analytical expression for the impedance change of the excitation coil is constructed. Theoretical analysis of the influence for the remanence and the analytical solutions to the eddy current field are verified by experiments.     

Correlation between electrochemical impedance and current distribution of carbon steel under organic coating

The current distribution of carbon steel beneath intact organic coating exposed to 3.5% NaCl solution was investigated by the wire beam electrode (WBE) method. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) of individual electrodes with high current was characterized to analyze the behavior of the coating degradation and metal corrosion at coating/metal interface. The polarity switch of the electrode under the coating was observed. The mechanism of coating degradation and carbon steel substrate corrosion was discussed from a point of electrochemical distribution.     

Correlation between current frequency and electrochemical properties of Mg alloy coated by micro arc oxidation

The present work investigated the electrochemical behavior of Mg alloy subjected to micro arc oxidation coating for 120 s with respect to current frequencies from 60 Hz to 2000 Hz. The microstructure and chemical compound of thin coating layers with a thickness of ~ 3 μm were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The microstructural observations on the surface and cross sections revealed that both the size of pores and the number of discharge channels decreased significantly as the current frequency increased, resulting in a compact coating layer. This was primarily attributed to the transition time of the alternating electrical wave, which was determined by the current frequencies tested. Based on potentiodynamic polarization tests, the sample coated at a frequency of 2000 Hz demonstrated the highest polarization resistance of 6.37 × 10⁵ Ω cm², implying that the corrosion resistance was superior to that obtained under other conditions due to its condensed structure. This electrochemical response was also interpreted in relation to the equivalent circuit model.     

滤波补偿系统并联谐振及过补偿问题的探讨

针对兼作补偿无功功率用的滤波器的特点,本文介绍了在设计滤波器中值得注意的几个问题,并进行了详细分析及探讨。在工程设计中具有很好的借鉴价值。     

不同参数下GMAW电信号关联维数分析

GMAW焊接过程的非线性决定了其混沌特性,关联维数是对动力系统混沌特性进行定量分析的主要指标.文中采用相空间重构方法,通过计算关联维数,对GMAW焊接过程中电流信号时间序列进行分析;并改变焊接电压、焊接电流、气体流量等工艺参数,研究不同参数下弧焊过程的混沌特性.结果表明,GMAW焊接过程的混沌现象,不仅存在于短路过渡当中,也存在于滴状过渡中.在此基础上,进一步研究了关联维数随焊接参数的变化规律,认为关联维数可作为焊接过程稳定性评价的依据,即关联维数越小,焊接过程越稳定,焊接工艺参数越优化.上述判据对焊接工艺参数选择的工艺优化试验,焊接过程稳定性监控提供了混沌判识的理论基础.     

Calculation of the cross-sectional area of the welded joint in automatic welding and surfacing

The results are presented of the investigation of the effect of the surfacing parameters on the penetration area and the thermal efficiency in the conditions of constant heat input in automatic deposition of a bead on a thick component. Correction coefficients used to determine by calculations the penetration area using the well-known and corrected Rykalin equation for a spot constantly acting rapidly moving heat source on the surface of a thick component are derived.     

Composite electrodes for current sources based on graphene-like films in porous silicon

In this work, the results of formation of composite membranes with a thickness of about 200 μm with a high electric conduction based on porous silicon and graphene-like films have been presented. A method of CVD film synthesis that makes it possible to form a graphene-like coating on the inner surface of gradient-porous silicon with variable pore morphology across the thickness has been proposed. The pore sizes vary gradually from units of nanometers on the upper surface to several micrometers deep in silicon.     

电极和保温剂对脉冲电流细化晶粒的影响

在实际的铸造过程中应用脉冲电流要求电极插入熔体中并在熔体的上面覆盖保温剂.为了探明这两个因素对脉冲电流细化组织的影响,采用不同电极或不同保温剂进行了3组实验.通过比较不同条件下得到的凝固组织,发现在脉冲电流作用下电极和保温剂都对凝固组织的细化有明显的影响.进一步的分析表明,液面在凝固组织的细化中起到了关键性的作用,而且结果也支持了在脉冲电流作用下等轴晶主要来自液面的观点.     

KOCKS轧机轧件横截面积与力能参数模型

文章研究了KOCKS轧机三辊切线孔型生产圆棒时轧件的横截面积与KOCKS轧机孔型参数、轧件初始断面之间的关系,并给出相关数学模型。利用宝特棒材生产线上采集的数据,以轧件道次延伸率的计算值与实际值误差标准差最小为目标优化模型中的系数,使道次延伸率计算结果误差在±1%以内,说明模型可以为KOCKS孔型参数设计和优化提供参考。计算了轧件在KOCKS轧机孔型中轧制时的平均应变、应变速率、轧制力、轧制力矩等力能参数,并将轧制力矩的计算值与实测值进行比较,误差范围多在±5%以内,说明模型具有一定精度,可以为轧机负荷设定及调整提供参考。     

Determination of the melting rate of coated electrodes in manual arc welding with modulated current

Summary

This study deals with shielded metal arc (manual metal arc, MMA) welding and CO₂ gas shielded arc welding, measuring the force required to remove adhering spatter from the surface of base metal by using different filler metals and by changing the conditions of the surface of the base metal. Rolled steel for general structural use (SS400) was used as base metal.

A high titanium oxide type electrode and a low hydrogen type electrode were used for shielded metal arc welding, a solid wire and a flux‐cored wire were used as filler metal for CO₂ gas shielded arc welding respectively. In order to examine the relationship between the condition of the surface of the base metal and the force required to remove spatter, a base metal whose surface was ground by an electric grinder, one which was not ground by an electric grinder, and another which was coated with an anti‐spatter compound were used for the experiments.

Whichever filler metal was used, the spatter which adhered to the surface of the base metal was located within 100 millimetres from the weld line. In those cases, the force required to remove the adhering spatter can be measured as mostly below 98 N. The spatter needing more than 98 N to remove was located mostly within 20 mm of the weld line.

No matter whether the scale was on the base metal or not, the difference of the force required to remove the spatter was small. When we used the base metal coated with anti‐spatter compound, in some cases we found spatter on the base metal, and in other cases we did not. When we found spatter, it was located within 40 millimetres of the weld line and the force required to remove it was below 20 N.     

Effect of oxide film on oxygen reduction current for the platinum-cobalt alloy electrodes in PEFC

Effect of surface oxide on Pt-Co alloy electrodes on the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) was investigated in 0.5 M sulfuric acid solution by electrochemistry, ellipsometry, laser Raman scattering spectroscopy, and XPS. The oxide as thick as 1-2 nm increases the overpotential of ORR and falls down efficiency of PEFC. The thickness of the oxide films is precisely determined by ellipsometry. The oxide film 1.9 nm thick was formed on Pt-50 mol% Co electrode by constant potential oxidation at 1.20 V and the film 1.5 nm thick remains on the electrode at 0.6 V at which ORR already starts. The remaining oxide decreases the current density of ORR and increases the overpotential. On pure Pt electrode, the similar influence of the oxide film was observed.     

电渣熔铸钢锭应力场的模拟研究

针对电渣熔铸钢锭各部位温差大、易产生热应力及测量困难的特点，采用大型有限元分析软件ANSYS对电渣熔铸过程中钢锭温度场和应力场进行了模拟研究，模拟结果与实际相吻合，并以此研究了钢锭的温度场及应力场分布，为电渣熔铸的实际生产提供了科学依据。     

试样不同横截面积测定方法对抗拉强度测试结果的影响

以3003-H24铝合金冷轧板50 mm定标距的矩形试样为研究对象,通过选取试样不同的位置和点数,测定试样的原始横截面积,计算出板材的抗拉强度,验证试样不同原始横截面积测定方法对抗拉强度测试结果的影响。     

Correlation between microstructure and composition of Cu-In alloy

Four compositions of alloys were designed. They were Cu-2% In, Cu-7% In, Cu-11% In and Cu-23% In(mass fraction). These alloy specimens were prepared by metal mold. By means of microstructure observation,macrostructure observation and electron probe analyzing, microstructures and macrostructures of the specimens were analyzed by comparison method. Microstructure component and relationship between structure and composition of alloys were investigated. The results show that with increasing indium content, the grain changes from columnar one to equiaxed one, the equiaxed grain increases, the columnar grain zone decreases and the grain size becomessmall. With increasing indium content, the growth way changes from planar one to dendritic one. Peritectic reaction plays inhibiting role on the growth of dendrite and affects the orientation of dendrite. Indium content has influence on lattice constant of Cu solid solution     

维生素D与甲状腺疾病的相关性

维生素D除了具有调节钙磷及骨代谢作用外,免疫调节及抗肿瘤增殖作用逐渐被研究者们提出。目前,大量研究发现患有甲状腺疾病的患者体内维生素D水平较低,并认为维生素D不足/缺乏可能参与甲状腺疾病的发病过程,但二者之间具体的关系及作用机制尚未完全明确。本文旨在对近几年关于维生素D与几种常见的甲状腺疾病相关性的研究进行综述,分析维生素D在甲状腺疾病发病中的作用,以及补充维生素D对甲状腺疾病发生、发展的影响。     

基于非对称电极的铝合金/钢电阻点焊

采用非对称电极点焊铝合金A6061与低碳钢Q235,观察接合界面区反应层形貌及分布等微观组织特征,探讨焊接电流、焊接时间与电极压力对熔核尺寸和接头抗剪力的影响。在接合界面上观察到反应层的生成,其厚度随界面的位置的变化而变化。在22 k A的焊接电流条件下获得的接头抗剪力达到5.51 k N。结果表明,在铝合金与低碳钢的电阻点焊中,不对称电极的使用有效地提高了焊接接头强度。