高蛋白含量棉粕的生产工艺探讨

结合我公司在棉籽加工枝术中采取的各项改进措施,对棉籽加工过程中影响棉粕蛋白质含量的各关键控制点进行控制。主要包括在仁壳分离工艺中采用多道循环筛分工艺,将阶梯筛和平面回转筛进行优化组合;在棉仁压坯过程中通入蒸汽,提高坯片的软化效果;对浸出器增加预浸和料翅改造,有利于棉粕中棉酚的脱除;湿粕经离心机分离、圆盘烘干机低温烘干、蒸脱机脱溶,可缩短湿粕的烘干时间,降低烘干温度,减少蛋白质变性。通过各关键控制点的控制,棉粕产品中残油一般在0.5%以下,粗蛋白质含量可达60%~62%,氢氧化钾溶解度达70%~75%,游离棉酚含量不高于200 mg/kg,大大改善了棉粕的品质。     

利用有腺体棉籽粕生产食用棉仁分离蛋白的实践

棉仁蛋白是一种潜在的重要食品资源,由于棉酚的存在一直未被人类充分利用。通过甲醇脱酚、4#溶剂脱脂、低温连续脱溶的棉籽粕生产工艺和碱溶酸沉的蛋白生产工艺,于2001年首次实现了工业化利用有腺体棉籽粕生产食用棉仁分离蛋白的实践,获得了高安全性的棉仁分离蛋白。     

棉仁膨化生产棉仁蛋白及喂猪试验

阐述了棉籽膨化法生产了棉仁蛋白的工艺和生产技术，比较了不同工艺生产的棉粕的质量，通用用膨化棉仁粕替代和部分替代豆粕的喂猪试验，表明膨化棉仁粕与豆粕饲喂效果无显著差异。     

从双液相棉粕中萃取蛋白过程动力学分析

为有效萃取棉籽蛋白提供理论依据，推导出了从双液相棉粕中萃取蛋白质过程的宏观动力学方程，概括了温度、棉粕粒径、萃取时间、碱液浓度等对萃取蛋白质动力学的影响，方程与实验结果吻合较好，萃取过程的表观活化能Eα为7、3kJ／mol，属于内扩散控制。     

制油工艺对饲用棉粕生物学效价的影响

饲用棉籽粕蛋白质含量和品质对其生物学效价产生的影响,本文较为详细地综述了制油过程中蛋白质的变性形式及影响蛋白质含量和品质的因素,同时提出了棉籽粕作为饲用蛋白资源的方法。     

低温脱酚棉籽蛋白与普通棉粕和高蛋白棉粕的比较

介绍了低温脱酚棉籽蛋白与普通棉粕、高蛋白棉粕的本质差异,解决了长期以来一直困扰着棉籽加工业、饲料业、养殖业的如何生产和应用低温脱酚棉籽蛋白产品,使企业经济效益、社会效益进一步提升的问题。     

棉籽粕脱酚方法的研究

采用热水,热碱,硫酸亚铁,米曲霉四种方法,对棉籽粕进行脱酚实验,结果热 法去酚效果最佳。通过正交试验,热碱法脱酚的最适条件为ｐＨ８－９,温度６０℃,时间３ｈ,最终棉籽蛋白液棉酚含量为１２ｐｐｍ,完全低于联合国咨询委员会规定的食用棉籽蛋白质中游离棉酚含量≤０．０６％标准。     

高蛋白棉粕的制取工艺设计及实践

阐述了以棉籽为原料,在预榨浸出、一次浸出、膨化浸出、低温脱酚萃取不同生产工艺处理下的关键指标,如游离棉酚含量、能耗、棉粕色泽等。经研究分析,选择膨化浸出生产工艺制取高蛋白棉粕,经过清理、剥壳、仁壳分离、软化、轧胚、调质、膨化、冷却、浸出、蒸脱、研磨、筛分,最后得到蛋白含量高达50%~53%的棉粕。     

浅谈低变性棉籽粕的制备

生产棉籽蛋白的原料棉籽粕在预处理、浸出、脱溶工段与普通的工艺相比有着特殊的要求,从而保证制得的棉籽粕在含杂、蛋白质变性程度、色泽、纤维素含量等方面符合要求。通过生产试验研究了低变性棉籽粕的制备工艺。     

棉籽仁壳分离系统改造实践北大核心CSCD

棉籽中蛋白质含量丰富,为生产高蛋白质含量棉籽蛋白,对棉籽仁壳分离系统进行改造。通过设计,调整剥壳、筛分、风选系统,对棉籽仁壳分离系统工艺及设备进行优化,得到含壳3%~5%的棉仁过程产品,通过浸出(脱脂脱酚)可得到蛋白质含量为60%~62%的棉籽蛋白产品。该蛋白产品可用于鱼饲料,从而提高棉籽的附加值,促进棉籽加工业的发展。     

棉籽仁壳分离系统改造实践

传统的棉籽仁壳分离系统存在仁壳分离效果不佳,进而影响棉籽蛋白产品中蛋白质含量的问题,为此对传统棉籽仁壳分离系统进行了改造。通过对剥壳前光棉籽进行调质处理,优化仁壳分离工艺,可将棉仁含壳率由10%～15%降至2%～4%,棉壳含仁率由0.5%～0.8%降至0.1%～0.3%,通过浸出（脱脂脱酚）后可得到蛋白质含量为60%～65%的棉籽蛋白产品。     

The effects of varying gossypol intake from whole cottonseed and cottonseed meal on lactation and blood parameters in lactating dairy cows

Effects of varying amounts of gossypol from whole Upland cottonseed (WCS) and cottonseed meal (CSM) were evaluated in 40 midlactation Holstein cows. After 14 d of pretreatment, cows were assigned to 1 of the 5 treatments for 84 d: control (no gossypol), 931 mg/kg total gossypol (TG) and 850 mg/kg free gossypol (FG) from WCS (moderate TG and high FG); 924 mg/kg TG and 91 mg/kg FG from CSM (moderate TG and low FG), 945 mg/kg TG and 479 mg/kg FG with equal amounts of TG from WCS and CSM (moderate TG and FG), or 1894 mg/kg TG and 960 mg/kg FG with equal amounts of TG from WCS and CSM (high TG and FG). Concentrations of plasma gossypol (PG) and its isomers were directly proportional to FG intake. Concentrations of PG reached a plateau after 28 d on treatment, and they were highest in cows receiving a diet with high TG and FG. Erythrocyte fragility differed among treatments and increased with increasing FG intake. Plasma gossypol returned to negligible concentrations 28 d after withdrawal of cottonseed products from the high TG and FG diet. Serum vitamin A was similar among treatments, but vitamin E increased with increasing FG intake. Serum enzymes were generally unaffected by treatments, but urea N increased in diets higher in TG and FG. Intake of dry matter was higher for the diet high in TG and FG than for the control diet, but was similar for other treatments. Cows receiving the high TG and FG diet produced more milk and 3.5% fat-corrected milk, with no changes in milk composition. Feeding a diet containing 1894 mg/kg TG and 960 mg/kg FG for 84 d increased PG concentrations and erythrocyte fragility and resulted in minor changes in blood metabolites and enzymes, but no detrimental effect on lactation performance was observed. Indicators of liver, kidney, and muscle cell viability suggest that the higher amounts of gossypol consumed in this study had only minor effects on those tissues in lactating dairy cows.     

Nutrient content of whole cottonseed

The objective of this study was to determine if the nutrient and gossypol contents and in vitro digestibility of 3 types of genetically modified whole cottonseed differed from traditional whole cottonseed. Samples of seed from traditional (no genetic modifications) and genetically modified varieties of cotton grown in 1999 and 2000 were analyzed. Genetic modifications included the insertion of genes to protect cotton from insect pests (Bt), and damage from glyphosate herbicides (RR), and from both (Bt/RR). Year effects were significant for in vitro dry matter (DM) digestibility, gossypol, DM, crude protein (CP), fat, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and ash. Higher rainfall resulted in higher CP, fat, and ash and lower NDF and gossypol. There were no differences among seed types for ground or whole seed digestibility, DM, CP, fat, NDF, ADF, ash, lignin, net energy for lactation, amino acids, total fatty acids, or seed index. Overall, the nutrient content and digestibility of varieties of genetically modified seed were similar to that of varieties of traditional whole cottonseed.     

棉籽分离蛋白制备工艺研究

以脱脂棉籽粕为原料,采用碱溶酸沉法制备棉籽分离蛋白。以蛋白质提取率、产品蛋白质含量为指标,考察提取温度、提取时间、p H、液固比对棉籽分离蛋白提取效果的影响。另外,采用SDS-PAGE对所制备棉籽分离蛋白中蛋白质亚基相对分子质量分布进行了分析。结果表明,通过正交实验优化得到棉籽分离蛋白最佳制备工艺条件为:提取温度60℃,提取时间60 min,p H 10,液固比14∶1。在最佳工艺条件下,蛋白质提取率为73.21%,产品蛋白质含量为90.76%(N×6.25,干基),且游离棉酚含量由原料的0.12%下降到0.033%。棉籽分离蛋白中蛋白质亚基相对分子质量主要为59.3 k Da与53.7 k Da,占47.66%。     

脱脂棉籽粕中棉籽糖提取方法的研究

棉籽糖是植物界中存在的低聚糖中含量仅次于蔗糖的低聚糖,提取主要是以甜菜糖蜜为原料,而从棉籽粕中提取棉籽糖的研究则较少.对棉籽粕中棉籽糖的浸出工艺进行了研究,通过对提取温度,乙醇溶液浓度和提取料液比等影响因素的分析,得出最佳工艺条件为:提取温度50℃,料液比为1:14(W/V),乙醇浓度为75%.在此工艺条件下,棉籽糖的浸出率为95%.提糖后的棉籽粕中游离棉酚含量由原来的0.085%降低到0.029%,低于FAO所规定的0.04%的食用标准.     

两级双液相萃取棉籽联产生物柴油和无毒棉粕

采用两级双液相萃取棉籽联产生物柴油和无毒棉粕。与一步双液相萃取法处理棉籽技术相比,该法在保持甲醇总量不变的基础上,将双液相萃取分为两级进行,二级萃取用的甲醇在完成了萃取功能以后再作为酯交换反应原料使用,不再需要重新加入新鲜的甲醇进行反应,减少了甲醇用量和溶剂再生的负荷。得出酯交换反应的最佳条件为:一级萃取甲醇用量为甲醇总量的60%,催化剂用量为棉籽油质量的1.1%,反应温度60℃,反应时间120 min。在最佳反应条件下,生物柴油产物中脂肪酸甲酯含量可达98.8%;萃取棉粕中游离棉酚含量为0.013%,符合美国国家棉籽产品协会的贸易标准,可用作动物饲料等。     

基于棉籽粕优质水产饲料配方的优化

该文利用棉籽粕替代水产饲料中鱼粉,作为主要蛋白源,以降低养殖成本,改善水体生态环境.以蛋白质和磷的体外消化率为评价指标,对棉籽粕以及钙磷的添加量做了优化.结果表明,棉籽粕替代33.33％的鱼粉,磷需要量为0.8％,并添加2.0％石粉时,饲料的体外消化率达到最大值.