尿素包合法纯化葡萄籽油中亚油酸的研究

利用尿素包合法对葡萄籽油中亚油酸的分离纯化进行研究.分析了包合温度、包合时间、甲醇尿素质量比、混合脂肪酸尿素质量比4个因素对亚油酸纯度及得率的影响,并在单因素实验的基础上通过正交实验确定最佳工艺条件.结果表明:在包合时间12h,包合温度-4℃,甲醇尿素质量比5∶1,混合脂肪酸尿素质量比1∶1的条件下,亚油酸纯度最高为89.9％.     

山桐子油中亚油酸的纯化工艺及体外抗氧化性研究

利用高效液相色谱法,在单因素试验基础上结合响应面法对尿素包合纯化的亚油酸纯度和得率进行分析,并进行抗氧化活性分析。结果表明:纯化亚油酸的最佳工艺条件为尿素/混合脂肪酸质量比2:1、包合温度-5℃、包合时间10 h,在此条件下亚油酸纯度为87.952%、得率为87.951%,并且对DPPH和ABTS⁺自由基具有一定的清除效果。     

小米糠中亚油酸的提取工艺研究

本论文使用正己烷作溶剂,对AV值为35.36 mgKOH/g的小米糠浸出提取小米糠油,采用尿素包合的方法纯化小米糠油中亚油酸,通过响应面法分析并优化出最佳工艺条件:尿素与脂肪酸比值(g/g)为5∶1、包合温度为-8.44℃、包合时间为20.82 h,亚油酸得率为76.56%。     

尿素包合法富集驼峰油中不饱和脂肪酸的工艺优化

以精炼驼峰油混合脂肪酸(饱和脂肪酸54. 024 3%,单不饱和脂肪酸34. 645 7%,多不饱和脂肪酸4. 645 3%)为原料,在单因素试验基础上,采用响应面法优化尿素包合法富集其不饱和脂肪酸工艺。结果表明:尿素包合法富集驼峰油中不饱和脂肪酸的最佳工艺条件为尿素质量与95%乙醇体积比3∶8、尿素与混合脂肪酸质量比3. 315∶1、包合温度-2. 37℃、包合时间18. 13 h,在此条件下产物碘值(I)为125. 73 g/100 g,产物中饱和脂肪酸含量为7. 802 5%,单不饱和脂肪酸含量为58. 175 6%,多不饱和脂肪酸含量为17. 322 2%。包合后产物为淡黄色黏稠液态,不饱和脂肪酸含量约为75%。     

华山松籽油亚油酸的富集纯化及降血脂活性研究

以华山松籽油为原料,通过皂化酸解得到混合脂肪酸,再通过尿素包合法富集纯化亚油酸,研究了包合温度、包合时间、混合脂肪酸与尿素质量比值、95%乙醇与尿素体积质量比值4个因素对亚油酸纯度和得率的影响。然后采用不同剂量的纯化亚油酸对高脂模型小鼠进行灌胃,研究其降血脂功能。通过单因素试验确定富集纯化亚油酸的最佳工艺条件为:包合温度-10℃,包合时间24 h,混合脂肪酸与尿素质量比值0.4,95%乙醇与尿素体积质量比值5。在最佳条件下,经一次尿素包合,得到的亚油酸纯度为80.57%。降血脂功能研究结果表明:由华山松籽油富集纯化得到的亚油酸具有降低高脂血症小鼠体重、肝脏重及肝脏指数、小鼠血清甘油三酯(TG)及总胆固醇(TC)水平,提高小鼠血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平,降低动脉硬化指数(AI)及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平的功能。由华山松籽油富集纯化得到的亚油酸可降低高脂血症小鼠血脂水平,改善其因摄入过多脂质而导致的肝脏脂肪堆积和动脉粥样硬化。     

尿素包合分离核桃油中亚油酸工艺优化

对尿素包合分离核桃油中亚油酸的工艺进行了优化,在单因素实验基础上,利用响应面法优化包合温度（℃）、包合时间（h）、m1（混合脂肪酸）∶m2（尿素）、V（95%乙醇）∶m2（尿素）四个因素对亚油酸纯度和得率的影响。结果表明尿素包合核桃油中亚油酸最佳工艺参数为:包合温度-10℃、包合时间24h、m1（混合脂肪酸）∶m2（尿素）为0.3、V（95%乙醇）∶m2（尿素）为4。在此条件下,经过一次尿素包合,亚油酸的纯度可由原来的52.1%上升到80.20%。      

脲包法富集高纯度红花油亚油酸甲酯的研究

以亚油酸含量 81 74 %的红花油为原料 ,采用先碱性醇解 ,后尿素包合的方法 ,从红花油中富集亚油酸。通过正交试验 ,确定了尿素一次包合法富集高纯度亚油酸甲酯的最佳工艺条件 :混合脂肪酸甲酯∶尿素∶甲醇为 1 0 4∶1∶4 (W/W /V) ,包合温度 - 10℃ ,包合时间 2 4h ,亚油酸甲酯得率 72 95 % ,纯度 99 2 7%。     

尿素包合法富集苦瓜籽油中α-桐酸的工艺优化北大核心CSCD

以超临界CO;萃取的苦瓜籽油为原料,经皂化酸解法制得混合脂肪酸,再采用尿素包合法富集其中的α-桐酸。在单因素试验的基础上,采用正交试验对富集工艺条件进行优化。结果表明,α-桐酸的最佳富集工艺条件为:采用95%乙醇作为尿素溶剂,混合脂肪酸与尿素质量比1∶3,尿素与95%乙醇质量比1∶5,包合温度4℃,包合时间24 h。在最佳工艺条件下,α-桐酸纯度从苦瓜籽油中的28.83%提高至60.03%,产物中共轭亚麻酸相对含量达到71.28%。     

尿素包合法对葵花籽油中亚油酸的富集研究

本文以葵花籽油为原料,以制备多不饱和共轭亚油酸及尿素包合法纯化亚油酸的工艺进行了研究,重点考察了皂化温度、稀硫酸的浓度、离心转速、离心时间、95%乙醇与尿素配比(v/w)、尿素与脂肪酸配比(w/w)以及尿素包合时间对富集效率的影响。结果表明:最佳分离纯化工艺条件为皂化温度80℃、稀硫酸浓度20%、离心转速3 000r/min、离心时间10min、95%乙醇尿素比为3∶1、尿素脂肪酸比为1.5∶1和尿素包合时间12h。     

尿素包合法从葡萄籽油中富集高纯度亚油酸甲酯及包合物表征分析

为提升葡萄籽的使用价值,以葡萄籽油为原料,采用尿素包合法富集高纯度亚油酸甲酯。研究了脂肪酸甲酯与尿素质量比、尿素与95%乙醇质量比、包合时间和包合温度对包合效果的影响,并采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对空白尿素结晶物和包合固形物进行表征。结果表明：制备高纯度亚油酸甲酯的最佳工艺条件为脂肪酸甲酯与尿素质量比1∶2、尿素与95%乙醇质量比1∶4、包合温度5℃、包合时间10 h,在此条件下得到的亚油酸甲酯含量为94.83%,收率为40.41%;FTIR和XRD分析表明,尿素包合反应没有新的官能团生成,且脂肪酸甲酯的包合降低了尿素的结晶度;SEM图像显示,尿素与脂肪酸甲酯形成了六棱体包合物。综上,尿素包合法为富集葡萄籽油中的高纯度亚油酸甲酯的有效方法。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the