乳酸对三种食源性致病菌的抑菌及杀菌作用

选用金黄色葡萄球菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌、埃希氏大肠杆菌3株常见的食源性致病菌,用于测定乳酸的抑菌效果、最小抑菌浓度(MIC)及最小杀菌浓度(MBC),并研究乳酸对3株致病菌细胞对数期代时的影响,同时研究不同浓度乳酸对大肠杆菌膜电位的影响.试验结果表明:乳酸对3株食源性致病菌均有不同程度的抑制作用,并得出最小抑菌浓度(MIC)及最小杀菌浓度(MBC),分别是金黄色葡萄球菌MIC 1.8 mg/mL,MBC3.6 mg/mL;蜡样芽孢杆菌MIC 3.6 mg/mL,MBC 7.2 mg/mL;大肠杆菌MIC 0.9 mg/mL,MBC 1.8 mg/mL;乳酸在最小抑菌浓度下显著(p≤0.05)延了3株食源性致病菌对数生长期的代时.大肠杆菌对乳酸的敏感性较强,代时增加128%.采用流式细胞仪测定大肠杆菌的膜电位.发现乳酸对大肠杆菌细胞膜电位有一定的影响,随着乳酸浓度的增加,细胞膜电位逐渐增加,导致细胞的超极化程度越来越严重直至细胞死亡.     

四种药用植物抑菌作用初探

本文对药用植物的抑菌作用进行了研究，测试了不同药用植物对细菌的抑菌圈大小、最低抑菌浓度及最低杀菌浓度，试验了提取成分对热的稳定性。结果发现：小檗色素对大肠杆菌抑菌作用最强，酸浆花萼色素对变彤杆菌抑菌作用最强，红景天浓缩液对枯草芽孢杆菌抑菌作用最强，小茼香浓缩液对四种待试菌无抑菌作用；小檗色素对四种待试菌的最低抑菌浓度和最低杀菌浓度分别为：枯草芽孢杆菌MIC2．5％、MBC5．0％，大肠杆菌MIC5．0％、MBC5．0％，金黄色葡萄球菌MIC2．5％、MBC5．0％，变形杆菌MICl．25％、MBC1．25％；酸浆花萼色素的最低抑菌浓度和最低杀菌浓度分别为：枯草芽孢杆菌MIC4．18％、MBC4．18％，大肠杆菌MIC8．35％、MBC8．35％，金黄色葡萄球菌MIC4．18％、MBC4．18％，变形杆菌MIC4．18％、MBC8．35％；红景天浓缩液的最低抑菌浓度和最低杀菌浓度分别为：枯草芽孢杆菌MIC2．09％、MBC4．18％，大肠杆菌MIC2．09％、MBC2．09％，金黄色葡萄球菌MIC8．35％、MBC8．35％，变形杆菌MIC4．18％、MBC8．35％。小檗色素、酸浆花萼色素和红景天浓缩液抑菌成分对高温稳定，抑菌机理尚待研究。     

粪鬼伞菌丝体提取液的抗菌活性

以深层发酵得到的粪鬼伞菌丝体为原料,分别用水和80%的乙醇溶液进行超声波浸提,对浸提液进行体外抗菌实验,然后用与总糖浓度相同的多糖溶液和水提液对比进行抗菌试验.结果表明,水提液对大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC) 为3.2 mg/mL, 对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC为1.6 mg/mL;对大肠杆菌的最低杀菌浓度(MBC)为12.5 mg/mL,对金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的MBC为25 mg/mL;对青霉和黑曲霉没有作用;醇提液对大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的MIC为50 mg/mL,对金黄色葡萄球菌、青霉和黑曲霉没有作用;总糖质量浓度相同的多糖溶液和水提液具有等效的抑菌和杀菌能力.因此,粪鬼伞多糖就是水提液中的主要抗菌活性物质.     

高良姜提取物抑菌活性及稳定性研究

采用牛津杯法与二倍梯度稀释法对高良姜提取液抑菌广谱性、最小抑菌浓度(MIC)、最小杀菌浓度(MBC)进行研究,同时与食品常用的防腐剂山梨酸钾、苯甲酸钠的最小抑菌浓度进行比较,并考查高良姜提取液的稳定性。结果表明,提取物对8种菌的抑菌活性依次为:金黄色葡萄球菌蜡样芽孢杆菌副溶血性弧菌苏云金芽孢杆菌枯草芽孢杆菌沙门氏菌希瓦氏菌大肠杆菌。对蜡样芽孢杆菌的MIC为0.012 5mg/mL,对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC为0.098mg/mL,对大肠杆菌的MIC为1.56 mg/mL,山梨酸钾MIC为2.5mg/mL,苯甲酸钠MIC为25.0 mg/mL。在一定范围内高良姜提取液对pH、盐浓度、糖浓度稳定,对温度、紫外光照不稳定。高良姜提取物具有广泛的抑菌谱,抑菌效果强于山梨酸钾、苯甲酸钠,有望成为新一代绿色防腐剂。     

油橄榄叶中橄榄苦苷的体外抗氧化和抑菌活性

采用总抗氧化能力法和总还原能力法测定橄榄苦苷体外抗氧化活性,以滤纸片法考察橄榄苦苷对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌活性,稀释法分析橄榄苦苷对3 种细菌生长曲线的影响和最低抑菌浓度（minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC）。结果显示：橄榄苦苷在0.02～0.08 mg/mL范围内与2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚相比始终表现出强的总抗氧化能力和总还原能力;橄榄苦苷对3 种细菌生长曲线的影响表现为延缓细菌的对数生长期;在研究质量浓度范围内橄榄苦苷对大肠杆菌抑制作用最强,10 mg/mL时其抑菌圈直径d＝（20.77±0.47）mm,为极度敏感,MIC为0.025 mg/mL;金黄色葡萄球菌为高敏感（d＝（19.23±0.44）mm＞15 mm）,MIC为0.05 mg/mL;而枯草芽孢杆菌处于中度敏感状态（d＝（11.48±0.60） mm＜15 mm）,MIC为0.4 mg/mL。结果表明,橄榄苦苷具有极强的抗氧化和抑菌活性。     

梓树根皮总黄酮分离纯化及其抑菌活性研究

以吸附率和解析率为评价指标,用大孔树脂对梓树根皮总黄酮的分离纯化工艺进行优化,并研究纯化后梓树根皮总黄酮的抑菌活性。结果表明,梓树根皮总黄酮分离纯化最佳工艺条件为:采用NKA-II树脂,上样液质量浓度0.538mg/mL,上样液流速1.66 mL/min,上样液pH值4.01,洗脱剂乙醇浓度70%,洗脱流速2.5 mL/min。该条件下,梓树根皮总黄酮纯度为(77.43±0.23)%,吸附率为(93.36±0.25)%,解析率为(95.51±0.17)%。抑菌活性表明,梓树根皮总黄酮对大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌作用为极敏,对青霉菌、酿酒酵母菌抑菌作用为高敏;金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC值为(6.25±0.25)mg/mL;枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌MIC值为(12.50±0.36)mg/mL;酿酒酵母、青霉菌,MIC值为(25.00±0.27)mg/mL。     

南五味子乙醇提取物对食品腐败细菌的抑菌活性研究

目的:研究南五味子乙醇提取物的体外抑菌活性,以期为寻求新的天然食品防腐剂提供实验依据。方法:以抑菌圈直径、最低有效抑菌浓度等为指标,以金黄色葡萄球菌、乙型副伤寒沙门氏菌等7种食品腐败细菌作为供试菌,研究南五味子乙醇提取物的体外抗菌活性。结果:南五味子乙醇提取物对供试菌的抑菌圈直径均>20mm,且对革兰氏阳性细菌的抑制效果强于革兰氏阴性细菌。乙醇提取物对供试菌的MIC值和MBC值分别为金黄色葡萄球菌3.125,6.25mg/mL,蜡样芽孢杆菌1.562,3.125mg/mL,大肠杆菌25,25mg/mL,变形杆菌12.5,25mg/mL,枯草芽孢杆菌、乙型副伤寒沙门氏菌、宋内氏志贺氏菌、铜绿假单胞菌的MIC值和MBC值均为12.5mg/mL。提取物对供试菌的抑菌率随抑菌作用时间的延长,提取物浓度的增加而升高。提取物对蜡样芽孢杆菌抑菌能力大于苯甲酸钠和山梨酸钾;对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌能力与苯甲酸钠相同,稍差于山梨酸钾。结论:南五味子乙醇提取物对食品腐败细菌具有显著的抑菌活性,有望开发成天然食品防腐剂。     

甘薯渣中去氢表雄酮抑菌活性研究

为研究甘薯渣氢表雄酮(DHEA)的抑菌活性,本研究以马克斯克鲁维酵母、酿酒酵母、鼠李糖乳杆菌、大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、炭疽杆菌、沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌为供示菌,采用生长曲线、最小抑菌浓度(MIC)、最低杀菌浓度(MBC)、生长曲线、扫描电镜研究DHEA的抑菌作用。结果表明,DHEA对供试菌的抑菌效果依次为:马克斯克鲁维酵母>大肠杆菌>金黄色葡萄球菌>炭疽杆菌>沙门氏菌>枯草芽孢杆菌>酿酒酵母>鼠李糖乳杆菌。最低抑制浓度(MIC)结果为:马克斯克鲁维酵母5.67 mg/mL,大肠杆菌9.82 mg/mL,金黄色葡萄球菌13.52 mg/mL,炭疽杆菌16.46 mg/mL,沙门氏菌17.68 mg/mL,枯草芽孢杆菌17.87 mg/mL,酿酒酵母20.82 mg/mL,鼠李糖乳杆菌无明显抑制作用。DHEA使供试菌生长周期缩短,并降低了菌体浓度;扫描电镜显示DHEA处理后菌体形态改变,细胞壁破裂,细胞内容物有溶出。研究表明,甘薯渣中DHEA对大部分细菌有抑制作用。     

南五味子丙酮提取物对食品腐败细菌的抑制作用

目的:探讨南五味子丙酮提取物对食品腐败菌的抑制作用。方法:以金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、枯草芽孢杆菌等7种菌为供试菌,测定其抑菌圈直径、最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC),并研究热处理、pH、紫外光对丙酮提取物抑菌活性的影响。结果:质量浓度为100mg/mL的丙酮提取物对供试菌的抑菌圈直径均大于12mm。丙酮提取物对供试菌的MIC值和MBC值:金黄色葡萄球菌100、150mg/mL,铜绿假单胞菌100、150mg/mL,大肠杆菌100、150mg/mL,枯草芽孢杆菌50、100mg/mL,蜡样芽孢杆菌50、100mg/mL,乙型副伤寒沙门氏菌100、150mg/mL,变形杆菌50、100mg/mL。121℃、30min热处理对该提取物抑菌活性无影响。当pH>4时对其抑菌活性有明显的影响。紫外光照射对其抑菌活性有一定的影响。结论:南五味子丙酮提取物对7种食品腐败细菌均有较好的抑制作用。     

灵芝菌丝体中灵芝酸的体外抑菌作用

采用杯碟法试验灵芝菌丝体中灵芝酸对革兰阴性菌(大肠杆菌)、革兰阳性菌f金黄色葡萄球菌),以及芽孢杆菌(枯草芽孢杆菌)的体外抑菌作用.结果表明,灵芝酸组分对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的生长有较明显的抑制作用,而对枯草芽孢杆菌的抑制作用相对较弱;该灵芝酸对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的最小抑菌浓度为12.5 mg/mL;而对枯草芽孢杆菌的最小抑菌浓度为50 mg/mL.此外,该灵芝酸的抑菌成分在40℃和60℃下(处理2 h)较稳定,但在80℃和100℃温度下,热稳定性较差.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press     

INFOPRINT 2014 was Successfully Held in Dongguan

Sponsored by Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China （PEIAC） and organized by Print China magazine, the Seventeenth Beijing International Printing Information Conference （INFOPRINT 2014） was successfully held on 11th Dec. 2014 at Dongguan Exhibition International Hotel.