单甘酯与蜂蜡复配制备五步蛇蛇油基凝胶油的研究

以五步蛇蛇油为基料油,通过向其添加不同质量比的蜂蜡与单甘酯制备凝胶油。探讨不同蜂蜡与单甘酯的质量比对五步蛇蛇油基凝胶油流变性、持油性以及硬度的影响,并对其结晶型态、结晶形状进行分析。结果表明:少量单甘酯的存在(蜂蜡与单甘酯质量比8∶2)降低了五步蛇蛇油基凝胶油的黏度恢复值及硬度,促进凝胶油长枝状结晶的生成,增加α、β以及β'型晶体;随着单甘酯比例的进一步增加(蜂蜡与单甘酯质量比8∶2～0∶10),五步蛇蛇油基凝胶油析油率和黏度恢复值增加,长枝状结晶逐渐变短至消失,α型晶体逐渐消失;确定蜂蜡与单甘酯质量比4∶6为最佳比例,此时五步蛇蛇油基凝胶油的析油率为1. 8%,硬度为242 g,黏度恢复值为37%。     

利用紫虫胶制备亚麻籽油凝胶油

以亚麻籽油为油基、紫虫胶为凝胶因子,用加热搅拌和冷却的方法制备亚麻籽油凝胶油,研究不同工艺条件对亚麻籽油凝胶油持油性、结晶形成时间、硬度的影响。将虫胶添加量、加热时间和加热温度作为自变量,凝胶油的持油性作为响应值,进行响应面优化试验。通过试验得到亚麻籽油凝胶油的最佳工艺:虫胶添加量8%、加热温度79℃、加热时间25 min。此工艺条件下的亚麻籽油凝胶油持油性为84.92%。对比分析亚麻籽油凝胶油和市售黄油的热力学性质、晶体形态,发现该凝胶油和市售黄油的熔点相近,且凝胶油具有一定塑性。     

白藜芦醇共轭亚油酸酯凝胶油的制备及表征

以花生油为基料油,利用9c,11t-共轭亚油酸酯化改性白藜芦醇,并与蜂蜡复配制备白藜芦醇共轭亚油酸酯凝胶油,探讨蜂蜡与白藜芦醇共轭亚油酸酯添加量、蜂蜡与白藜芦醇共轭亚油酸酯质量比、加热温度、加热时间和冷却温度对白藜芦醇共轭亚油酸酯凝胶油持油性的影响,并对其基本理化性能、热性能、组成成分进行表征。结果表明：蜂蜡与白藜芦醇共轭亚油酸酯添加量12%、蜂蜡与白藜芦醇共轭亚油酸酯质量比7∶3、加热温度70 ℃、加热时间20 min、冷却温度4 ℃,白藜芦醇共轭亚油酸酯凝胶油的持油性最高可达98.6%;与蜂蜡凝胶油相比黏度降低30%、亮度降低、减少了α型晶体,并发现白藜芦醇共轭亚油酸酯凝胶油无反式脂肪酸生成。     

葵花籽油凝胶油的制备及其在冰淇淋中的应用

以葵花籽油为原料,添加一定量的蜂蜡或蜂蜡与谷维素混合物制备葵花籽油凝胶油,研究不同添加量的凝胶因子对葵花籽油凝胶油的硬度值、黏度值、持油性和微观形态的影响;将得到的凝胶油代替黄油制备冰淇淋,研究其在冰淇淋中的应用。结果表明:蜂蜡添加量对凝胶油的质构特性、持油性和微观形态影响较为显著,并确定5%蜂蜡添加量为凝胶油制备的最优条件;添加5%复合凝胶油(5%蜂蜡+1%谷维素)和5%黄油制备的冰淇淋营养丰富、抗融性好、色泽均匀、组织细腻、滑润爽口,与添加10%黄油制备的冰淇淋较为相近,表明可以通过进一步的优化代替饱和脂肪在冰淇淋中应用。     

信阳地区茶油基油凝胶的制备及特性分析

以油茶籽油为基油，通过添加一定比例凝胶剂米糠蜡和甘蔗蜡，探讨凝胶剂添加量、水浴温度、放置时间对茶油凝胶持油性的影响。以持油性为评价指标通过单因素试验和正交试验优化茶油凝胶的最佳制备工艺参数，进而对茶油凝胶体系及特性进行分析。结果表明，茶油凝胶的最佳制备工艺条件为凝胶剂添加量10%、水浴温度85℃、放置时间20 d，该条件下制备的茶油凝胶持油性99.89%，硬度4.2 N；其由15种脂肪酸组成，纯度为99.96%，不饱和脂肪酸含量高达89.08%，油酸含量为78.2%；通过对油脂凝胶进行红外光谱扫描和流变学特性分析得出凝胶分子间形成了稳定的氢键和三维网络结构，性质较稳定，固化能力较强，为真凝胶。但茶油凝胶在食品行业的应用仍需进一步研究。     

γ-谷维素/β-谷甾醇与单硬脂酸甘油酯复合凝胶油的制备及性能研究

以食用棕榈油为基料油,添加分子蒸馏单硬脂酸甘油酯与γ-谷维素/β-谷甾醇制备复合凝胶油。在单因素试验的基础上,应用响应面法优化复合凝胶油的制备条件。探讨凝胶剂比例对凝胶油性能及微观结构的影响,分析γ-谷维素/β-谷甾醇在复合凝胶油形成过程中的作用。结果表明:最优制备条件为复合凝胶剂添加量9.89%、复合凝胶剂中γ-谷维素/β-谷甾醇占比52.3%、γ-谷维素与β-谷甾醇质量比3∶2、加热时间41.7 min,在此条件下复合凝胶油持油性可达94.6%。γ-谷维素/β-谷甾醇的添加对复合凝胶油热力学性质、流变学性质和红外光谱特征均产生了较大影响。在复合凝胶油中γ-谷维素/β-谷甾醇与单硬脂酸甘油酯存在范德华力等弱的非氢键作用,使得单硬脂酸甘油酯和γ-谷维素/β-谷甾醇协同形成复合凝胶油。随着单硬脂酸甘油酯含量的增加,系统内氢键作用逐渐减小直至消失,微观结构由纤维网状先转换为球状结晶,最后为针状结晶。复合凝胶油的熔点和结晶点低于单一凝胶油,黏性和刚性较小。     

分子蒸馏单甘酯对谷维素-谷甾醇凝胶油结构和性质的影响

以精炼葵花籽油为基料油,添加分子蒸馏单甘酯与谷维素-谷甾醇制备复合凝胶油,探讨凝胶剂分子间比例对凝胶油结构和性质的影响,以分析单甘酯在复合凝胶油形成过程中的作用。结果表明：在复合凝胶油中单甘酯会与谷甾醇存在着范德华力等弱的非氢键作用力,使得单甘酯和谷甾醇在临界凝胶浓度下,协同形成复合凝胶油。单甘酯的添加对复合凝胶油热力学性质和流变学性质等宏观特性均产生较大影响,添加单甘酯后复合凝胶油微观结构和红外光谱产生了显著变化,随着单甘酯含量的增加,氢键作用逐渐减小直至消失,而微观结构由纤维网状到球状结晶最后为针状结晶;结果还表明添加单甘酯后凝胶油氧化更慢,利于长期贮藏。     

利用蒸馏单硬脂酸甘油酯制备玉米胚芽油基凝胶油的研究

以玉米胚芽油为原料、蒸馏单硬脂酸甘油酯为凝胶因子,利用加热搅拌和冷却方法制备玉米胚芽油基凝胶油,研究不同工艺条件对玉米胚芽油基凝胶油硬度的影响。结合单因素实验和正交实验优化得到玉米胚芽油基凝胶油最佳制备工艺条件为:蒸馏单硬脂酸甘油酯添加量8%,加热温度90℃,加热时间45 min,搅拌速率200 r/min,冷却温度5℃。在最佳工艺条件下,玉米胚芽油基凝胶油硬度为2.69 N、黏度力为4.08 N、持油率为99.971%。     

利用蜂蜡制备菜籽油基凝胶油的研究

以菜籽油为基料油,添加一定量的蜂蜡,采用加热搅拌和冷却的方法制备菜籽油基凝胶油,研究蜂蜡添加量、加热时间、加热温度、冷却时间对凝胶油硬度及漏油率的影响。结果表明:当蜂蜡添加量为6%～10%时,随着蜂蜡添加量的增加,漏油率呈下降趋势,硬度呈上升趋势。不同蜂蜡添加量组90℃时漏油率均最低,硬度最为适中。此外,除6%蜂蜡添加量组外,不同蜂蜡添加量组在加热时间30 min、冷却时间24 h时的硬度均为最大,漏油率均为最低。进一步用在蜂蜡添加量10%、加热温度90℃、加热时间30 min、冷却时间24 h条件下制备的凝胶油制作饼干,发现与相同配方下制作的黄油饼干相比,其硬度和脆性均略大。     

米糠蜡与单甘酯复配制备菜籽油基凝胶油

以菜籽油为基料油,添加米糠蜡与单甘酯制备凝胶油。考察不同米糠蜡与单甘酯配比、加热时间、加热温度和静置时间对凝胶油硬度及漏油率的影响。结果表明:在米糠蜡与单甘酯配比1∶4、加热时间30~60 min时,凝胶油性质基本稳定,硬度较大,漏油率较低;凝胶油硬度总体随着静置时间的延长呈上升趋势;加热温度80~90℃时,随着加热温度升高,凝胶油硬度总体呈上升趋势。     

棕榈油大豆油为原料调和油冷冻性能研究

对碘值60棕榈油与大豆油调和而成调和油在0℃、10℃、20℃三种温度条件下进行冷冻性能研究。在0℃情况下,即使棕榈油含量仅10%,也会很快混浊和结冻;在10℃情况下,含20%棕榈油的棕榈油大豆油调和油可保持15天以上澄清透明;在20℃情况下,含40%棕榈油的棕榈油大豆油调和油可保持25天以上而澄清透明。     

棕榈液油在调和油中应用研究

将熔点18℃棕榈液油分别与大豆油、菜籽油、玉米油和葵花籽油进行调配,得出不同季节条件下最佳调配比例;结果表明,棕榈液油作为一种调和油原料油,在春、夏、秋季均能应用于食用调和油。     

营养平衡调和油的配制及营养成分的测定

为解决单一食用油中营养组分缺陷问题,以大豆油、橄榄油、鱼油和亚麻籽油为基料油,测定其酸值、过氧化值、水分及挥发物含量和脂肪酸组成,然后按照中国营养学会关于脂肪酸推荐摄入量的要求,依据不同基料油的脂肪酸组成计算其配比并配制调和油,最后测定调和油的营养成分。结果表明：大豆油、橄榄油、亚麻籽油、鱼油的酸值、过氧化值、水分及挥发物含量均符合相关国家标准,4种油脂配制调和油的最适配比为45%、45%、8%、2%;调和油中主要微量营养成分及其含量为角鲨烯2.18 mg/kg、β-胡萝卜素0.474 mg/kg、α-生育酚73.6 mg/kg、β-生育酚0.6 mg/kg、γ-生育酚132.0 mg/kg、δ-生育酚20.4 mg/kg、总甾醇5 700 mg/kg。所得调和油符合中国营养学会关于脂肪酸推荐摄入量的要求,是一种营养平衡调和油。     

橄榄油氧化过程中风味化合物变化

橄榄油具有良好保健功能,是较为理想食用油脂;但在贮存过程中也存在氧化变质现象;橄榄油氧化将产生对人体有毒、有害副产物,其独特风味发生劣化,产生难以接受气味。该文详细介绍橄榄油氧化机理,总结引起橄榄油风味改变的醛、酮、醇、短链脂肪酸等氧化产物。     

Vegetable Oils Replace Pork Backfat for Low-Fat Frankfurters

Low-fat frankfurters (10% fat, 12.5% protein) with olive, corn, sunflower or soybean oils, compared to control (29.1% animal fat, 10.4% protein) had 67% lower total fat, 40–45% lower saturated fatty acids, 50–53% lower calories, reduced cholesterol and 20% higher meat protein. Although they had darker red color they were 6–7.2% lower in processing yield and had higher purge accumulation, were firmer and less juicy. The type oil had no effect (P>0.05) on these characteristics but affected fatty acid composition. Frankfurters with olive oil had 41.8% higher monounsaturated fatty acids and those with seed oils 5–7 times higher polyunsaturated fatty acids. Soybean oil increased lin-olenic acid content and negatively affected overall acceptability and shelf-life.     

Microencapsulation of Oils: A Comprehensive Review of Benefits,Techniques, and Applications

Microencapsulation is a process of building a functional barrier between the core and wall material to avoid chemical and physical reactions and to maintain the biological, functional, and physicochemical properties of core materials. Microencapsulation of marine, vegetable, and essential oils has been conducted and commercialized by employing different methods including emulsification, spray‐drying, coaxial electrospray system, freeze‐drying, coacervation, in situ polymerization, melt‐extrusion, supercritical fluid technology, and fluidized‐bed‐coating. Spray‐drying and coacervation are the most commonly used techniques for the microencapsulation of oils. The choice of an appropriate microencapsulation technique and wall material depends upon the end use of the product and the processing conditions involved. Microencapsulation has the ability to enhance the oxidative stability, thermostability, shelf‐life, and biological activity of oils. In addition, it can also be helpful in controlling the volatility and release properties of essential oils. Microencapsulated marine, vegetable, and essential oils have found broad applications in various fields. This review describes the recognized benefits and functional properties of various oils, microencapsulation techniques, and application of encapsulated oils in various food, pharmaceutical, and even textile products. Moreover, this review may provide information to researchers working in the field of food, pharmacy, agronomy, engineering, and nutrition who are interested in microencapsulation of oils.     

国内外食用油脂加工技术发展

近年来,世界油脂加工技术发展非常迅速,预处理和制炼油新技术、新装备、新产品不断出现,正日益受到人们重视。该文主要从提高油/粕质量、降低能耗和废弃物排放、提高生产效率和开发新产品等方面出发,阐述世界油脂加工技术创新发展现状。     

取油锤改进应用技术探讨

介绍了取油锤的特点及其改进,通过改进方便了取油锤的使用。     

一种适合于煎炸的调和油实验研究

选用一级棉籽油和棕榈油为原料,制成熔点较低的调和油,经实验证明,可以代替大豆油,用于普通煎炸操作。     

Effect of blending and lipase catalyzed interesterification reaction on the cholesterol lowering properties of palm oil with rice bran oil in rats

The effect of feeding blended and interesterified oils containing palm oil (PO) and rice bran oil (RBO) on serum and liver lipids was evaluated in rats. The PO and RBO were blended to contain saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids in the proportion of 1:1.5:1. The blended oil was subjected to transesterification reaction using immobilized lipase, lipozyme IM‐RM. Rats were fed a diet containing blended or interesterified oils for 8 weeks. Rats fed PO showed significantly higher levels of cholesterol in serum and liver as compared to those given RBO, blended oil of PO with RBO or interesterified oil. Rats fed blended oils showed a significant decrease in serum cholesterol by 51% compared to rats fed PO. Feeding interesterified oil to rats resulted in decrease in serum cholesterol by 56% compared to rats fed PO, which was 10% lower compared to that observed in rats given blended oil. The present study indicated that a combination of PO with RBO can significantly lower serum lipids in rats as compared to those given diet containing PO alone.