一种无笔序手写体汉字在线识别方法

文中介绍了一种无笑序手写汉字在线识别方法，提出了基于汉字笔画数的编码方法。整个识别过程为两大部分，首先进行笔画分类，然后根据笔画序列码和汉字的结构完成入手 写何不在于识别。由于本系统要求可以无笔序地进行汉字输入，给汉分类带的来很大的困难，为此，在汉字结构匹配时，提出了一种结构特征搜索及排索算法，很好地解决了要求无笔序输入所带来的问题，实践证明，这种方法用于无笔序手汉字的在线识别是非常有效的。     

Recognition of handprinted Kanji characters by the stroke matching method

This paper describes an improved stroke matching method for the recognition of handprinted Kanji characters. Using the stroke feature and two additional global features, a recognition rate of over 90% has been obtained for about 1000 Kanji characters.     

On-line recognition of Korean characters using ART neural network and hidden Markov model

This paper proposes an efficient method for on-line recognition of cursive Korean characters. The recognition of cursive strokes and the representation of a large character set are important determinants in the recognition rate of Korean characters. To deal with cursive strokes, we classify them automatically by using an ART-2 neural network. This neural network has the advantage of assembling similar patterns together to form classes in a self-organized manner. To deal with the large character set, we construct a character recognition model by using the hidden Markov model (HMM), which has the advantages of providing an explicit representation of time-varying vector sequence and probabilistic interpretation. Probabilistic parameters of the HMM are initialized using the combination rule for Korean characters and a set of primitive strokes that are classified by the ART stroke classifier, and trained with sample data. This is an efficient means of representing all the 11,172 possible Korean characters. We tested the model on 7500 on-line cursive Korean characters and it proved to perform well in recognition rate and speed.     

对联机手写汉字识别技术的研究——实现笔画识别

联机手写汉字识别(OLCCR)，是指用笔在图形输入板上写字，人一边写，机器一边认，是一种方便的汉字识别手段。在各种自动识别输入的方法中，OLCCR是能够代替或部分代替人工编码输入的惟一可能的方法。识别中主要是两方面的问题：建立汉字识别库和手写板上笔画轨迹的识别。文中就第二方面即手写笔画识别的问题进行了全面的研究，采用笔画基元帮助分析笔画轨迹，并用可视化编程工具Visual C 6.0实现了基于这种方法的笔画识别过程。     

车辆牌照上英文和数字字符的结构特征分析及提取

为了研制高性能的车辆牌照自动识别系统，在详细分析车辆牌照上英文和数字字符结构特点的基础上，选择字符图象中的闭合曲线作为其整体特征，将笔画端点，三叉点和四叉点作为其细节特征，同时将笔画中的拐角点作为其辅助结构特征，三者可分别用于字符的粗分类，细分类和相似字符区分，进而提基于图论和细节点特征的闭合曲线检测算法以及基于二值图象外边缘轮廓线的笔画拐角点检测算法，将上述结构特征用于车辆牌照上英文和数字字符识别，测得识别率达96％，用PⅢ550计算机完成结构特征抽取和字符识别所用时间约20ms／字符，表明这些结构特征适用于车辆牌照上英文和数字字符的快速识别。     

Off-line handwritten Korean character recognition based on stroke extraction and representation

In this paper, we propose an off-line recognition method for handwritten Korean characters based on stroke extraction and representation. To recognize handwritten Korean characters, it is required to extract strokes and stroke sequence to describe an input of two-dimensional character as one-dimensional representation. We define 28 primitive strokes to represent characters and introduce 300 stroke separation rules to extract proper strokes from Korean characters. To find a stroke sequence, we use stroke code and stroke relationship between consecutive strokes. The input characters are recognized by using character recognition trees. The proposed method has been tested for the most frequently used 1000 characters by 400 different writers and showed recognition rate of 94.3%.     

联机手写笔画特征抽取的逼近-合并算法

为了对联机手写字符识别的笔画进行精确描述,提出了一种基于字符笔画特征抽取的＂逼近-合并＂算法.该算法分析了字符笔画的多边形逼近,求出偏离度最小的多边形逼近,并对该多边形的边进行合并,抽取出笔画方向码,实现了联机手写字符笔画的更有效合并.该方法应用在联机手写体字符识别实验系统中,其识别率为99.13%.     

一种改进的脱机手写汉字四角特征粗分类方法

将粗分类应用于脱机手写汉字识别中,采用这种多层次分类策略,能有效地改善识别的性能,提高识别精度。本文提出了一种利用四角区域结构特征对手写汉字进行粗分类的方法。在对汉字基本笔画进行分析的基础之上,根据手写汉字形变的特点以及识别算法的要求,定义一组新的笔画单元,并将这些笔画单元与汉字特定区域内的结构进行比对,得到一组4位结构特征编码,以此作为脱机手写汉字粗分类的依据。对GB2312一级字库中的部分手写汉字进行采样和识别实验,结果证明改进的四角结构特征用于粗分类的有效性。     

On-line cursive hangul recognition that uses DP matching to detect key segmentation points

As a means to perform on-line recognition of cursive Korean characters, called hanguls, we describe a structural analysis type algorithm that searches globally for key points of segmentation on a character unit level and can cope with large variations in stroke shape and position. This “segmentation points search” is systematically performed by a two-level dynamic programming (DP) matching algorithm in conjunction with syntax control of hangul composition characteristics. Fine discrimination for phonemes and characters is effectively realized using mutual information among strokes. Experiments demonstrate computational feasibility and that the proposed approach provides high recognition and segmentation ability.     

Preprocessing for Chinese character recognition and global classification of handwritten Chinese characters

Techniques for calculating the stroke directions of thinned binary characters and for detecting the intersections and end points of strokes by means of pattern matching and weighting method are proposed as a preprocessing of handwritten Chinese character recognition. We also propose a method for global classification of handwritten Chinese characters by means of projection profiles of strokes and show that the method is available for the Chinese characters written in the square style.     

基于嵌入式平台的手写汉字识别系统的设计

随着移动技术与相关技术的迅速发展,手机、个人掌上电脑(PDA)、笔记本电脑等各种电子设备变得流行,它们已成为人们工作和娱乐必不可少的随身用品。对于各种移动电子设备在中国的推广使用,汉字输入是一个必须考虑的问题。传统的输入方式大多使用键盘,不论是笔记本电脑使用的标准键盘,还是各手机厂商设计的简化键盘,都是使用键盘采集信息,然后通过汉语拼音或者笔画输入等方式完成汉字输入。对于嵌入式小型设备来说,原有键盘设计引起占用空间大和输入汉字效率低等诸多问题。如何解决这些问题,同时保证设备足够的显示空间,又不添加新的复杂硬件设备。一种叫做触摸屏手写汉字输入的技术越来越受到人们的推崇。以Windows CE 5.0为运行平台,Embedded Visual C 4.0,为开发环境,设计和实现了一套屏幕手写识别系统,不仅能对现有汉字进行有效识别,用户还可以根据需要自行对字库扩展,有助于提高汉字的识别率。     

支票手写体汉字大写金额识别的非线性规范化

针对银行支票图像大写金额的无限制手写体汉字识别问题,进行了基于密度均衡原则的非线性规范化研究。提出了一种改进的非线性规范化方法．该方法定义的基于笔画间距和宽度的密度函数,不仅能较好地克服笔画变形的局部性、不规则性,而且能使同一字符内以及不同字符之间的笔画粗细趋于一致;同时,确定了图像中字符的有效区域,并据此改进了基于密度均衡原则的通用表达式,有效地解决了字符整体倾斜和单个笔画比较突出的问题,实验结果表明：该方法比其他同类方法效果更佳,可使银行支票图像的大写金额识别系统的识别正确率提高约1．5％。     

On-line handwritten Chinese character recognition via a fuzzy attribute representation

Chinese characters are constructed by strokes according to structural rules. Therefore, the geometric configurations of characters are important features for character recognition. In handwritten characters, stroke shapes and their spatial relations may vary to some extent. The attribute value of a structural identification is then a fuzzy quantity rather than a binary quantity. Recognizing these facts, we propose a fuzzy attribute representation (FAR) to describe the structural features of handwritten Chinese characters for an on-line Chinese character recognition (OLCCR) system. With a FAR. a fuzzy attribute graph for each handwritten character is created, and the character recognition process is thus transformed into a simple graph matching problem. This character representation and our proposed recognition method allow us to relax the constraints on stroke order and stroke connection. The graph model provides a generalized character representation that can easily incorporate newly added characters into an OLCCR system with an automatic learning capability. The fuzzy representation can describe the degree of structural deformation in handwritten characters. The character matching algorithm is designed to tolerate structural deformations to some extent. Therefore, even input characters with deformations can be recognized correctly once the reference dictionary of the recognition system has been trained using a few representative learning samples. Experimental results are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

汉字笔段形成规律及其提取方法

该文从点阵图像行(列)连通像素段出发，研究汉字图像的笔段构成，发现汉字点阵图像仅由阶梯型笔段和平行长笔段两种类型的笔段构成，并归纳出阶梯型笔段和平行长笔段的形成规律．以笔段形成规律为基础提出了汉字笔段的提取方法，该方法将像素级汉字图像转变为以笔段为单位的图像，有利于汉字识别、汉字细化及汉字字体的自动生成．最后该文给出了印刷体和手写体汉字笔段提取的实验结果．     

字符粘连及字线相交的分割与识别方法

描述了工程图纸矢量化中多向粘连字符及字线相交的分割算法与识别方法.提出不同情况下字串的定向计算方法,通过粘连字块的特征矢量计算和迭代计算实现字块的分割.运用波形投影方法解决了粘连字符及字线相交情况下的字间切割问题,使工程图多向字符识别精度显著提高,该算法对局部退化状态下的字符识别具有良好的抗干扰性.     

基于小波变换的图像汉字笔划特征提取方法

借鉴仿生模式识别的认知观点,从汉字的构造机理和人类认识汉字的习惯角度出发,提出一种基于小波变换的图像汉字识别方法。制定了图像汉字笔划特征提取的具体规则,采用小波变换的方法对图像汉字边缘和笔划轮廓进行检测,通过有效提取图像汉字笔段信息,进行笔段合成,生成汉字或汉字的基本笔划。仿真实验结果表明,这种方法提高了图像汉字笔划特征提取的准确率和稳定性,对于印刷体和书写较规范的手写体图像汉字具有极高的识别率。     

基于嵌入式平台的手写汉字识别系统的设计

随着移动技术与相关技术的迅速发展,手机、个人掌上电脑（PDA）、笔记本电脑等各种电子设备变得流行．它们已成为人们工作和娱乐必不可少的随身用品。对于各种移动电子设备在中国的推广使用．汉字输入是一个必须考虑的问题。传统的输入方式大多使用键盘,不论是笔记本电脑使用的标准键盘,还是各手机厂商设计的简化键盘,都是使用键盘采集信息,然后通过汉语拼音或者笔画输入等方式完成汉字输入。对于嵌入式小型设备来说．原有键盘设计引起占用空间大和输入汉字效率低等诸多问题。如何解决这些问题,同时保证设备足够的显示空间,又不添加新的复杂硬件设备。一种叫做触摸屏手写汉字输入的技术越来越受到人们的推崇。以Windows CE5．0为运行平台,Embedded Visual C＋＋ 4．0,为开发环境,设计和实现了一套屏幕手写识别系统,不仅能对现有汉字进行有效识别．用户还可以根据需要自行对字库扩展．有助于提高汉字的识别率．     

An efficient knowledge-based stroke extraction method for multi-font chinese characters

Feature extraction is the most important thing in pattern recognition. Whether it is good or not affects the recognition rate seriously. Selecting the strokes as the features to describe a Chinese character is indeed a powerful approach. But it also suffers from the difficulty of stroke extraction. In this paper, some knowledge about strokes is derived by studying the structure of Chinese characters. This knowledge is then applied to help extract the strokes. The method cannot only heuristically extract strokes but can also heuristically eliminate noises including those added to strokes for artistic sake. Moreover, this method does not use any preprocessing like thinning or other transformations, so its extraction speed is very fast.