基于移位矩阵优化的LDPC码构造

环的存在对准循环LDPC（Low Density Parity Code）码的译码效率造成很大影响,拥有尽可能好的girth分布的校验矩阵对于码的性能改善有着重要的意义。首先对准循环LDPC码校验矩阵的girth分布进行分析,然后在母矩阵和移位矩阵之间设定一个合理的约束关系,使得构造后的校验矩阵最小环长及平均最小环长追求最大化,最后提出了一种易于实现的具有高girth的QC-LDPC（Quasi cyclic-Low Density Parity Code）码构造方法。仿真结果表明,该方法尽量减少码中的短循环,能构造实用化的好码。     

基于循环群的准循环LDPC码构造

随机LDPC码的编码相当复杂,相对随机LDPC码而言准循环LDPC码具有编码复杂度低的特点,它可以用移位寄存器来实现线性复杂度的编码器.LDPC码通常采用Tanner图上的和积算法进行迭代译码.对于无圈的Tanner图,即girth为无穷大的Tanner图,和积译码是一种最优译码算法.本文提出了一种基于行列约束的LDPC码代数构造方法,这种构造方法可以构造出一类二元的准循环LDPC码,它的girth不小于6.仿真结果表明,构造出来的LDPC码在AWGN信道下采用和积迭代译码就误块率与误码率等方面的性能可与标准码相当.     

利用遗传算法构造QC-LDPC码

考虑到围长(girth)对低密度奇偶校验(LDPC)码的影响,提出了一种利用遗传算法构造大girth的准循环LDPC( QC-LDPC)码的新方法。该方法借助于计算机搜索,多次运用遗传算法,分步提高girth,在得到大girth 的同时,构造出具有准循环结构的LDPC码。分析发现,该构造方法的复杂度与码长成线性关系。仿真结果表明：在误码率( BER)为10-6时,新方法构造的QC-LDPC码比基于欧式几何构造方法、Gallager和Mackay构造法分别获得约0.15 dB、0.5 dB和0.2 dB的净编码增益( NCG),且因具有准循环结构更易于存储和硬件实现。     

基于代数构造和矩阵变换的准循环LDPC码组设计

提出一种由代数构造法与准循环矩阵变换法相结合的准循环LDPC码系统构造方案,解决了准循环LDPC码构造过程复杂、在实际应用中缺乏适应性等问题.代数构造法容易构造出性能优良的高码率准循环LDPC母码;结合准循环矩阵的变换,能在母码的基础上生成满足应用需求的改良码或多码率的改良码组合.分析和仿真证明,该构造方案便捷、灵活,可获得性能优秀而实用的改良码.     

一种基于QCE-PEG的LDPC码构造方法

为提高LDPC码的实用性,该文提出了一种QCE-PEG校验矩阵构造方法,给出了实现具体步骤和设计实例。该算法将构造过程分解,结合准循环扩展技术和渐进边增长构造方法的优点,既能满足度分布对的需要,又保证了平均围长尽可能大的要求,提高了LDPC编码的速度和性能。仿真结果表明:用该方法设计的中短长度非正则LDPC码,其性能优于渐进边增长方法构造的PEG码,且设计简单,编码快速,便于工程实现,具有良好的应用前景。     

利用双重扩展RS码及循环MDS码构造实用化的LDPC码

提出了利用双重扩展RS码和循环MDS码来构造无4-环准循环LDPC码的两类实用方法.第一类构造法利用双重扩展RS码中的所有非零码字来构造校验矩阵,因此在LDPC码的参数选择上比基于单扩展RS码的构造法更加灵活;推导出与双重扩展RS码构造法完全等效的直接构造法,利用RS码的生成多项式可以直接生成LDPC码的校验矩阵,从而避免了RS码字双重扩展、码字分类等预处理步骤.第二类构造法直接根据循环MDS码的生成多项式构造了一类无4-环的准循环LDPC码.仿真结果表明,基于双重扩展RS码和循环MDS码的准循环LDPC码在AWGN信道下均可取得很好的误比特性能.     

一种基于伪循环MDS码的准循环LDPC码构造方法

该文提出了一种利用两个信息符号的伪循环最大距离可分(MDS)码,构造围长为6的准循环低密度奇偶校验(LDPC)码的方法。在GF(q)中,它通过直接计算长为q+1的伪循环MDS码生成多项式,构造准循环LDPC码的校验矩阵。其主要利用了含两个信息符号的伪循环MDS码字特殊的循环性,及任意两个码字间距离不小于q的特点,使所构造的准循环LDPC码保证无4环。仿真结果表明,基于伪循环MDS码的准循环LDPC码在高斯信道下,能获得较好的误码性能。     

一种可快速编码的QC-LDPC码构造新方法

为解决LDPC码的编码复杂度问题,使其更易于硬件实现,提出了一种可快速编码的准循环LDPC码构造方法。该方法以基于循环置换矩阵的准循环LDPC码为基础,通过适当的打孔和行置换操作,使构造码的校验矩阵具有准双对角线结构,可利用校验矩阵直接进行快速编码,有效降低了LDPC码的编码复杂度。仿真结果表明,与IEEE 802.16e中的LDPC码相比,新方法构造的LDPC码在低编码复杂度的基础上获得了更好的纠错性能。     

光通信中一种准循环非二进制LDPC码的新颖构造方法

在对目前普遍采用的非二进制低密度奇偶校验(NB-LDPC)码校验矩阵的准循环构造方法进行深入研究的基础上,提出了一种基于有限域的NB-LDPC码的立体构造方法,在构建基于有限域的基础矩阵后,运用立体扩展的方式构成循环子矩阵,最终构造出具备准循环特性的非二进制校验矩阵。通过对采用立体构造法构造的NB-LDPC码的性能仿真发现,与基于GF(29)的RS(511,305)相比,本文构造的NB-LDPC码在误比特率(BER)为10-7时可以增加3.3dB的净编码增益(NCG);在BER为10-6时,本文构造的LDPC码与采用传统准循环方式构造的二进制LDPC码、随机构造的二进制LDPC码、基于有限域构造的32进制准循环LDPC码和基于欧式几何构造的64进制的循环LDPC码比较,分别多获得了0.56、0.56、0.03和0.83dB的NCG。通过对本文构造的NB-LDPC码性能仿真发现,这类具有高度结构化的NB-LDPC码不仅具备准循环特性,有利于硬件实现,同时在中短码长情况时展现出较好的纠错性能。     

一种码率码长灵活变化的QC-LDPC码

提出了一种码率码长灵活变化的准循环低密度奇偶校验（Quasi—CyclicLowDensityParityCheck,QC—LDPC）码,利用构造出的日矩阵可以达到较大的圈长（girth）值,并能在girth值不变的前提下实现码率码长的灵活变化。分析和仿真结果表明,利用该方法可以得到不同码率条件下码长灵活变化的可用码字,大大增加了高性能QC—LDPC码的可用数量。与WIMAX中IEEES02．16e标准中推荐的日矩阵进行比较,此类QC—LDPC码具有较好的优越性。     

Construction of quasi‐cyclic low‐density parity‐check codes with low encoding complexity

Low encoding complexity is very important for quasi‐cyclic low‐density parity‐check (QC‐LDPC) codes used in wireless communication systems. In this paper, a new scheme is presented to construct QC‐LDPC codes with low encoding complexity. This scheme is called two‐stage particle swarm optimization (TS‐PSO) algorithm, in which both the threshold and girth distribution of QC‐LDPC codes are considered. The proposed scheme is composed of two stages. In the first stage, we construct a binary base matrix of QC‐LDPC code with the best threshold. The matrix is constructed by combining a binary PSO algorithm and the protograph extrinsic information transfer (PEXIT) method. In the second stage, we search an exponent matrix of the QC‐LDPC code with the best girth distribution. This exponent matrix is based on the base matrix obtained in the first stage. Consequently, the parity‐check matrix of the QC‐LDPC code with the best threshold and best girth distribution are constructed. Furthermore, bit error rate performances are compared for the QC‐LDPC codes constructed by proposed scheme, the QC‐LDPC code in 802.16e standard, and the QC‐LDPC code in Tam's study. Simulation results show that the QC‐LDPC codes proposed in this study are superior to both the 802.16e code and the Tam code on the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and Rayleigh channels. Moreover, proposed scheme is easily implemented, and is flexible and effective for constructing QC‐LDPC codes with low encoding complexity. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Quasi-cyclic LDPC codes using overlapping matrices and their layered decoders

Quasi-cyclic (QC) low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes have the parity-check matrices consisting of circulant matrices. Since QC LDPC codes whose parity-check matrices consist of only circulant permutation matrices are difficult to support layered decoding and, at the same time, have a good degree distribution with respect to error correcting performance, adopting multi-weight circulant matrices to parity-check matrices is useful but it has not been much researched. In this paper, we propose a new code structure for QC LDPC codes with multi-weight circulant matrices by introducing overlapping matrices. This structure enables a system to operate on dual mode in an efficient manner, that is, a standard QC LDPC code is used when the channel is relatively good and an enhanced QC LDPC code adopting an overlapping matrix is used otherwise. We also propose a new dual mode parallel decoder which supports the layered decoding both for the standard QC LDPC codes and the enhanced QC LDPC codes. Simulation results show that QC LDPC codes with the proposed structure have considerably improved error correcting performance and decoding throughput.     

LDPC block and convolutional codes based on circulant matrices

A class of algebraically structured quasi-cyclic (QC) low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes and their convolutional counterparts is presented. The QC codes are described by sparse parity-check matrices comprised of blocks of circulant matrices. The sparse parity-check representation allows for practical graph-based iterative message-passing decoding. Based on the algebraic structure, bounds on the girth and minimum distance of the codes are found, and several possible encoding techniques are described. The performance of the QC LDPC block codes compares favorably with that of randomly constructed LDPC codes for short to moderate block lengths. The performance of the LDPC convolutional codes is superior to that of the QC codes on which they are based; this performance is the limiting performance obtained by increasing the circulant size of the base QC code. Finally, a continuous decoding procedure for the LDPC convolutional codes is described.     

一种利用大衍数列构造多码率原模图QC-LDPC码的方法

针对准循环低密度奇偶校验(Quasi-Cyclic Low-Density Parity-Check,QC-LDPC)码存在码长码率不能灵活选择的问题,提出了一种基于大衍数列构造多码率的原模图QC-LDPC码的新颖方法,该方法利用计算机搜索算法得到原模图基矩阵,然后基于大衍数列的循环移位矩阵对原模图基矩阵进行循环扩展,以此得到校验矩阵.该方法构造的校验矩阵围长至少为6,只需要简单的移位寄存器就可以实现编码,并且具有良好的纠错性能.仿真结果表明,在误码率(BitError Rate,BER)为10-6时,所构造的码率为0.5的P-DY-QC-LDPC(4000,2000)码和码率为0.75的P-DY-QC-LDPC(4000,3000)码与同码率近似码长的其他码型相比较,其净编码增益均有一定提高.     

基于PEG算法的准循环LDPC码构造方法研究

PEG算法,即逐步边增长算法,是一种基于Tanner图构造LDPC码的方法,研究表明该方法构造的LDPC码具有优 异的纠错性能.在PEG算法的基础上,本文提出了一种准循环LDPC码的构造方法.仿真结果表明,所提出的方法构造的LDPC码与用原始PEG算法构造的随机LDPC码具有几乎相同的优异性能,而且由于准循环特性,用本文提出的方法编译码更简单,可以通过反馈移位寄存器来实现.此外,码率更易于调整.     

Design of Quasi-Cyclic LDPC codes based on Euclidean Geometries

A new method for constructing Quasi-Cyclic (QC) Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes based on Euclidean Geometry (EG) is presented. The proposed method results in a class of QC-LDPC codes with girth of at least 6 and the designed codes perform very close to the Shannon limit with iterative decoding. Simulations show that the designed QC-LDPC codes have almost the same performance with the existing EG-LDPC codes.     

Quasi-Cyclic Low-Density Parity-Check Codes With Girth Larger Than 12

A quasi-cyclic (QC) low-density parity-check (LDPC) code can be viewed as the protograph code with circulant permutation matrices (or circulants). In this correspondence, we find all the subgraph patterns of protographs of QC LDPC codes having inevitable cycles of length 2i, i = 6, 7, 8, 9,10, i.e., the cycles that always exist regardless of the shift values of circulants. It is also derived that if the girth of the protograph is 2g, g > 2, its protograph code cannot have the inevitable cycles of length smaller than 6g. Based on these subgraph patterns, we propose new combinatorial construction methods of the protographs, whose protograph codes can have girth larger than or equal to 14 or 18. We also propose a couple of shift value assigning rules for circulants of a QC LDPC code guaranteeing the girth 14.     

高性能时不变LDPC卷积码构造算法研究

该文基于由QC-LDPC码获得时不变LDPC卷积码的环同构方法,设计了用有限域上元素直接获得时不变LDPC卷积码多项式矩阵的新算法。以MDS卷积码为例,给出了一个具体的构造过程。所提构造算法可确保所获得的时不变LDPC卷积码具有快速编码特性、最大可达编码记忆以及设计码率。基于滑动窗口的BP译码算法在AWGN信道上的仿真结果表明,该码具有较低的误码平台和较好的纠错性能。     

光通信中一种基于有限域循环子群的QC-LDPC码构造方法

基于有限域循环子群方法提出了一种结构简单,可以灵活选择码长、码率,并且编译码复杂度低的准循环低密度奇偶校验(QC-LDPC)码构造方法。利用此方法构造出适合光通信系统传输的规则QC-LDPC(5334,4955)码。仿真结果表明该码型利用和积迭代译码算法在加性高斯白噪声信道中取得了很好的性能,比已广泛应用于光通信中的经典RS(255,239)码具有更好的纠错性能。因此所构造的QC-LDPC(5334,4955)码能较好地适用于高速长距离光通信系统。