高浓度抗生素废水的处理研究

采用UASB-SBR工艺对高浓度抗生素废水进行处理研究,在适当的工艺条件下,系统COD总去除率为94%。高浓度抗生素废水经过UASB-SBR处理后,出水COD、pH指标可达到国家污水综合排放标准(GB8978-1996)二级排放标准。     

聚酯废水的生化处理

UASB-SBR方法是目前处理有机废水采用较多的工艺。本文介绍了用此方法对聚酯废水进行处理的工艺状况,并介绍了有关的运行管理经验。针对聚酯废水的特点,充分结合生化系统的特性,实现整套工艺的稳定、经济运行以及方便、灵活的操作管理。     

农药草甘膦生产废水处理的研究

运用微电解絮凝床预处理和UASB-SBR组合处理草甘膦废水。试验结果表明;当进水ρ(CODCr)为26000～30000mg/L,ρ(Cl-)为33000～35000mg/L时,处理后出水ρ(CODCr)小于130mg/L,CODCr平均去除率可达99%以上。     

UASB-SBR工艺去除生活污水中磺胺二甲基嘧啶的试验研究

研究了UASB-SBR工艺对生活污水中磺胺二甲基嘧啶(SM2)的去除特性,并且在兼顾去除SM2和脱氮除磷的基础上,对工艺参数进行了优化。试验结果表明,UASB-SBR工艺对SM2有较好的去除效果,当温度为20℃,UASB反应器水力停留时间(HRT)为8 h,COD容积负荷为0.5～1.2 kg.m-.3d-1,进水pH在7.0～8.0时,COD、SM2平均去除率分别为70%、35%。在氮磷及SM2去除效果不佳的情况下,后续SBR反应器,当曝气时间为3 h,污泥龄(SRT)为20 d时,COD、TN、TP出水浓度均达到城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准(GB 18918-2002)中的一级标准,SM2出水质量浓度为5～8μg·L-1,SM2总去除率为90%。厌氧段和好氧段对SM2的平均去除率分别为35%和55%,这说明SM2在好氧条件下更容易被降解。     

UASB-SBR工艺处理硫酸新霉素废水试验研究

考察了UASB-SBR组合工艺处理硫酸新霉素废水的潜能和运行特性。结果表明:硫酸新霉素质量浓度大于1 200 mg/L时对厌氧产生中度抑制。UASB工艺容积负荷5.2 kgCOD/(m3·d),COD去除率约73.5%。SBR工艺COD和NH3-N去除率分别约65%和95%,最终系统出水COD 415～448 mg/L,NH3-N 12～16 mg/L,满足《发酵类制药工业水污染物排放标准》(GB 21903—2008)间接排放标准要求。     

游离亚硝酸对垃圾渗滤液NO2-还原过程的抑制影响

采用UASB-SBR组合工艺处理实际垃圾渗滤液,在获得稳定短程生物脱氮的前提下,以SBR系统内短程污泥为研究对象,通过设定不同的NO2-质量浓度和pH梯度考察NO2-质量浓度和pH与NO2-还原速率的相关性,并在此基础上进一步研究游离亚硝酸(FNA)质量浓度对反硝化菌的抑制影响.试验结果表明,当NO2-质量浓度和温度一定时,相同pH条件下,不控制pH时NO2-还原速率较恒定pH时NO2-还原速率高;且恒定pH在6.5～8.0范围内,NO2-还原速率随着pH的升高逐渐升高.当pH和温度一定时,NO2-还原速率随着NO2-质量浓度的增加呈现先升高后降低或不变的趋势.由此可知,pH和NO2-质量浓度对NO2-还原速率有较为重要的影响.FNA是NO2-质量浓度、pH和温度三者的函数,试验发现FNA质量浓度在0.005～0.01 mg ·L-1范围时对NO2-还原过程有明显的抑制作用.     

浅谈紫砂壶的使用

柴、米、油、盐、酱、醋、茶,是中国百姓日常生活的七件事。茶,不可一日无,讲究饮者,对茶、水、薪、壶之茶道、茶事、茶艺、茶具、茶的冲泡、茶的品饮、茶的文化都有一番研究。饮茶自有它的真趣,客来敬茶,礼谊增情;口渴饮茶,润喉解渴;闲静品茶,修身养性;疲劳喝茶,舒筋消累;滞食用茶,去腻消食;烦     

河南化工

<正>《河南化工》创刊于1975年,由河南省科学院主管,河南省化工研究所主办,是河南省化工行业唯一的综合类科技期刊,国内外公开发行。刊物立足河南、辐射全国,全面、深入报道化工行业的技术创新和发展趋势,全方位、多角度记录行业生产实践、科研开发、技术创新、经营管理、文化建设等领域的最新动态,为企业、员工提供展示风采的舞台,为政府部门、化工企业产业链上下游客户、高校及科研院所之间提供沟通和交流的平台。主要栏目:封面故事、企业聚焦、高峰论坛、综述与述评、开发与研究、生产与实践、管理论坛、人物、资讯等。     

芙蕖何生玉瓷壁 碗底盘心劲争妍——元、明、清瓷上莲纹探源

莲花是最早用来装饰瓷器的花纹之一,自南朝至清代一直盛行不断。莲花又名荷花,属浮水植物,又名芙蕖、水芝、泽芝、水华、菡萏、水旦、草芙蓉、水芙蓉、玉环、六月春、中国莲、六月花神、藕花、灵草、玉芝等。荷花原产于中国,从越南到阿富汗都有,     

欢迎订阅《玻璃》

正《玻璃》(月刊,主要栏目有:专题论述、研究与研制、技术交流、经验交流、玻璃深加工、节能与环保、行业信息、新闻快报、专利介绍等,报道平板玻璃及其相关的玻璃深加工和装饰玻璃专业领域的新技术、新工艺、新产品以及经营管理、方针、政策、国内外科技动态、学术探讨等内容,及时反应行业动态,给业内人士提供相互交流的平台。本刊每月25日出版,全年12期,大16开本,64页码。)     

Long-term residual value of North Carolina and Queensland rock phosphates compared with triple superphosphate

The effectiveness of large single applications of North Carolina reactive rock phosphate, Queensland non-reactive rock phosphate, and Calciphos, were compared to the effectiveness of superphosphate in field experiments in south-western Australia for up to 11 years after application. As measured using plant yield, superphosphate was the most effective fertilizer in the year of application, and relative to freshly-applied superphosphate, the effectiveness of the superphosphate residues declined to be about 15 to 65% as effective in the year after application, and 5 to 20% as effective 9 to 10 years after application. Relative to freshly-applied superphosphate, all the rock phosphates were 10 to 30% as effective in the year of application, and the residues remained 2 to 20% as effective in the 10 years after application. The bicarbonate soil test reagent predicted a more gradual decrease in effectiveness of superphosphate of up to 70% 10 years after application. For rock phosphate, the reagent predicted effectiveness to be always lower than for superphosphate, being initially 2 to 11% as effective in the year after application, and from 10% to equally as effective 10 years later. Therefore rock phosphates are unlikely to be economic alternatives to superphosphate in the short or long term on most lateritic soils in south-western Australia.     

安克锰锌在荔枝树上施用的残留代谢消解规律与安全性评价

安克锰锌是烯酰吗啉两个异构体和代森锰锌组成的多元混合制剂。试样经粉碎、溶剂浸泡提取、混合柱净化,用气相色谱测定烯酰吗啉和代森锰锌母体(CS2),液相色谱测定代谢物乙撑硫脲(ETU)。仪器最低检出量:烯酰吗啉为1.436×10-12g,代森锰锌母体1.326×10-10g,ETU2.5×10-10g,最低检出浓度依次为0.02、0.025、0.02mg/kg,方法回收率依次为86.4%～90.8%、89.2%～95.9%、89.10%～95.13%;标准偏差为0.53～4.34;变异系数为0.58%～4.62%。安克锰锌在果皮中的消解方程广西和广东分别为C=1.2719e-0.1975T和C=1.045e-0.1972T,半衰期(T/2)均为3.5d;土壤中分别为C=0.8734e-0.1187T和C=0.6171e-0.1146T,半衰期(T/2)=6d;最高剂量250倍、最多施3次,最短距收期7d,在果肉中均未检出,果皮和土壤中的残留仅分别为0.1385～0.1745mg/kg和0.3105～0.3415mg/kg,均低于欧共体规定代森锰锌MRL值0.5mg/kg。     

Discriminative Response to Animal, But Not Plant, Chemicals by an Insectivorous, Actively Foraging Lizard, Scincella lateralis, and Differential Response to Surface and Internal Prey Cues

Responses by the insectivorous, actively foraging scincid lizard, Scincella lateralis, to chemical cues from a plant food favored by herbivorous lizards, its ability to discriminate prey chemicals from control substances, and its relative response to internal and surface prey chemicals were studied experimentally. We presented chemical cues to the lizards on cotton swabs and recorded their tongue-flicks and biting attacks on the swabs. The lizards exhibited significantly greater tongue-flick rates and biting frequencies to prey surface cues than to plant surface chemicals from romaine lettuce, diluted cologne (pungency control), and deionized water. Responses to the plant stimuli did not differ from those to the two control stimuli, in contrast with strong responses to the same plant cues by herbivores. This finding provides the first information suggesting that chemosensory response may be adapted to diet, with responsiveness to plant stimuli evolving de novo in herbivores. Biting and tongue-flicking responses were significantly greater to cricket chemicals than to all other stimuli, among which there were no differences. Thus, the lizards are capable of prey chemical discrimination, which may be ubiquitous among actively foraging lizards. The lizards exhibited more frequent biting and higher tongue-flick rates to internal than surface prey chemicals. Although different methods of stimulus preparation are appropriate for different purposes, we conclude that prey surface chemicals available to foraging lizards are most desirable for studies bearing on location and identification of prey.     

中国基础磷化工产业现状与展望

以磷肥、黄磷、热法磷酸、三聚磷酸钠、饲料磷酸氢钙等产品为例,阐述了基础磷化工产业现状,针对基础磷化工产品同质化、技术等同化、市场过剩的局面,分析了产生问题的原因。指出基础磷化工必须淘汰落后产能,必须依靠技术进步降低生产成本,实现产品结构的升级与调整;而技术进步的重点在于实现原子经济效益、能源利用和劳动生产效率三者的最大化以及消耗的最小化,要不断开发满足社会需求的新产品。此外,还对相关的政策法规和规章制度提出建议。     

Hard Clams (Mercenaria mercenaria) Evaluate Predation Risk Using Chemical Signals from Predators and Injured Conspecifics

Hard clams, Mercenaria mercenaria, are sessile, filter-feeding organisms that are heavily preyed upon by blue crabs, which find their clam prey using chemical cues. Clams may evade blue crabs by reducing their pumping (feeding) behavior when a threat is perceived. The purpose of this study was to determine the type of signals that clams use to detect consumers. Clams decreased their pumping time in response to blue crabs and blue crab effluent, but not to crab shells, indicating that chemical signals and not mechanical cues mediated the response of clams to distant predators. Because predator diet can influence prey evaluation of predatory threats, we compared clam responses to blue crabs fed a steady diet of fish, clams, or that were starved prior to the experiment. In addition, we used injured clams as a stimulus because many organisms detect predators by sensing the odor of injured con- or heterospecifics. Clams reduced feeding in response to injured conspecifics and to blue crabs that had recently fed. Clams reacted similarly to fed crabs, regardless of their diet, but did not respond to starved blue crabs. Because blue crabs are generalist predators and the threat posed by these consumers is unrelated to the crab's diet, we should expect clam reactions to blue crabs to be independent of the crab's diet. The failure of clams to react to starved blue crabs likely increases their vulnerability to these consumers, but clam responses to injured conspecifics may constitute a strategy that allows animals to detect an imminent threat when signals emanating from blue crabs are not detectable.     

An algorithm for generating color scales for both categorical and ordinal coding

Previous research has shown multihue scales to be well‐suited to code categorical features and shown lightness scales to be well‐suited to code ordinal quantities. We introduce an algorithm, Motley, that produces color scales varying in both hue and lightness, intended to be effective for both categorical and ordinal coding, allowing users to determine both absolute and relative quantities efficiently and accurately. The algorithm first determines the lightnesses of scale colors to maximize perceived lightness differences and establish the lightness ordering, generating separate search spaces for each scale position. It then selects hues by heuristic search to maximize the discriminability of the scale. It produces scales that are ordered with respect to lightness but unordered with respect to hue and thus more discriminable than typical multihue lightness scales. In an experimental evaluation on human subjects, Motley's scales enabled accurate judgments of relative quantity, with response times superior to unordered multihue scales and comparable to ordered lightness scales, and enabled accuracy and speed of judgments of absolute quantity superior to lightness scales and comparable to multihue scales. Published 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Col Res Appl, 2010.     

煤或天然气经甲醇制低碳烯烃工艺研究新进展

由煤或天然气经甲醇制低碳烯烃工艺是解决石油资源紧张、低碳烯烃需求量越来越大等问题的有效路线。介绍了几种有代表性的经甲醇制低碳烯烃工艺,包括美国UOP/Hydro甲醇制烯烃工艺,中国科学院大连化学物理研究所的合成气经由二甲醚制低碳烯烃(SDTO)工艺,德国Lurgi公司的甲醇制丙烯工艺,以及甲醇制烯烃与AtoFina/UOP烯烃裂解的集成工艺;分析了各工艺目前达到的技术指标及最近的技术改进,关注了各工艺近几年的工业化进程。除了SDTO工艺外,其他几种工艺有望在未来几年内实现工业化。国内甲醇制低碳烯烃工艺的开发应借助于流化催化裂化成熟的工程设计经验,同时加大甲醇制烯烃工艺流化床催化剂的开发力度。