《纺织机械》征稿启事

正征稿内容1、对我国纺织工业和纺织机械行业方针政策或发展趋势的研究和探讨。2、纺织机械新产品的开发及老产品改进。重点介绍机器的特点、结构特征及实际生产应用的效果,并对其机理进行分析和论述。3、引进设备和国产设备机械性能的分析和对比,及消化吸收国产化的经验和体会。4、纺织机械产品设计和制造过程中新方法、新技术、新材料、新工艺及新设备的研究和应用。     

中国居民蔬菜、水果消费现状分析

使用2002年中国居民营养与健康状况调查中一年食物频率调查的数据,分别对55211名15岁及以上居民的新鲜蔬菜、干菜、咸菜、酸菜、泡菜和新鲜水果的食用率、食用频率和食用量进行了分析。结果表明,我国居民新鲜蔬菜、干菜、咸菜、酸菜、泡菜和新鲜水果的食用率分别为96．5％、25．3％、56．4％、I6．6％57．1％和95．4％,每周食用频次分别为11．8次,0．3次、2．5次、0．4次、0．6次和3．2次,每人每天的食用量分别为264．3g、4．0g、12．2g、2．8g、8．3g和71．8g。新鲜蔬菜的食用率、食用频次和食用量均为城市低于农村,而新鲜水果为城市高于农村。四类农村酸菜和泡菜的食用率、食用频次和食用量明显高于其他地区。新鲜水果的食用率、食用频次和食用量随着年龄组的增加而降低。可见,我国居民的蔬菜、水果的消费水平较低,应指导人们科学、合理增加新鲜蔬菜和水果的消费。     

冬虫夏草化学成分及其药理活性的研究

冬虫夏草由中华虫草菌的子座和僵死的虫草蝙蝠蛾幼虫组成,是一种十分珍贵的保健品和药品。化学研究证实,核苷类(虫草素、腺苷等)、甾醇类(麦角甾醇及其衍生物等)、多糖类物质,以及甘露醇、氨基酸是冬虫夏草具有重要保健和药理作用的物质基础。现已知冬虫夏草具有免疫调节、抗癌、调节内分泌、抗菌、促进造血、抗病毒和护肝、镇静和抗惊厥作用;此外,还可用于心血管系统、呼吸系统和肾脏等疾病的调节和治疗。野生冬虫夏草、人工菌丝体及其活性发酵产物是功能食品的重要资源。     

如何做好业余体校教练员工作

1、必须要具备强烈的事业心、责任心和对体育事业这种执着的追求精神。要热爱此项工作,具有一定的政治素质和职业道德素养。2、应加强自身的建设,以身作则、为人师表。3、要掌握教育和体育的基本规律,特别要熟练掌握本项目的技术、训练和竞赛及运动员状态的规律和特点,要关注规则、规程的不断变化。     

配饰设计指导

视觉游戏Optical treats肌理和后整理的突变,耐用和兼容性强的材料相结合,保形性和轻薄的效果使我们的知觉活了起来。动态的幻觉、色彩的运用和光学效果欺骗了我们的眼睛。立体改造和复古重构的细节专为12/13冬季而设计。光学像差,光线转换,黑色、银色、金色截面和金色同步或渐变。怀旧的记忆、红色、意识深处的记忆、民间风俗和手工艺激发了     

湿热处理对马铃薯全粉品质的影响

湿热处理马铃薯全粉,研究水分含量、时间和温度对马铃薯全粉微观结构、还原糖、结晶度、溶胀度、吸油性、冻融稳定性和糊化等品质指标的影响。结果表明:湿热处理使得马铃薯全粉的结晶度和溶解度升高;冻融稳定性、吸油性、膨胀度、峰值黏度、谷值黏度、最终黏度、崩解值、回生值和还原糖含量降低。当温度和时间一定,水分含量为30%时,溶解度和还原糖含量最高,峰值黏度、谷值黏度和最终黏度最低。当水分含量和温度一定时,不同时间对马铃薯全粉各品质指标的影响之间没有明显差异。当水分含量和时间一定,温度为110℃时,还原糖含量和溶解度最高。温度为120℃时,冻融稳定性、峰值黏度、谷值黏度、最终黏度、回生值和崩解值均最低。说明,湿热处理对马铃薯全粉的品质有显著影响(p0.05)。     

美味牛肝菌菌丝体与子实体蛋白质营养价值的评价

采用国际通用的营养价值评价方法,全面评价美味牛肝菌深层发酵菌丝体和子实体蛋白质的营养价值。美味牛肝菌菌丝体蛋白质含量为28.40%,子实体蛋白质含量为25.10%。美味牛肝菌菌丝体的第一和第二限制氨基酸分别是含硫氨基酸(蛋氨酸和半胱氨酸)和赖氨酸;美味牛肝菌子实体的第一和第二限制氨基酸分别是含硫氨基酸(蛋氨酸和半胱氨酸)和异亮氨酸。美味牛肝菌深层发酵菌丝体蛋白质的氨基酸评分(AAS)、化学评分(CS)、必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)、生物价(BV)、营养指数(NI)和氨基酸比值系数分(SRCAA)分别为31.43、39.50、44.55、36.86、12.65、24.47,子实体的上述指标分别为71.43、67.02、63.86、57.91、16.03、68.55。美味牛肝菌子实体蛋白质营养价值高于菌丝体。     

不同品种、不同部位对鸡肉质构特性与同位素的影响

目的探讨不同品种、不同部位对鸡肉质构特性与同位素的影响。方法以广东清远地区不同品种阉鸡的鸡胸、鸡翅和鸡腿为实验材料,利用质构仪和同位素质谱对不同鸡肉样品的质构指标(硬度、弹性、粘附性、内聚性、咀嚼性和胶粘性)和碳氮同位素进行测定,为鸡肉的质构分析和溯源提供依据。结果清远阳山鸡的咀嚼性和胶粘性在鸡胸、鸡腿和鸡翅中比较高,而粘附性和内聚性在鸡胸、鸡腿和鸡翅中相差较小。鸡胸、鸡腿和鸡翅3个部位的碳氮同位素数值分析表明,清远阳山鸡3个部位的碳和氮的同位素数值最高。结论清远阳山鸡质构变化与碳和氮同位素数值有一定联系。     

民勤枸杞主要营养、功能成分、重金属及农药残留量分析

本文为了探讨民勤枸杞的营养、活性成分和安全性评价,通过使用高效液相、气相色谱法和其他测定方法分析民勤枸杞的基本营养和功能成分、氨基酸组成、重金属和农药残留量。民勤枸杞的基本营养成分（以每100 g干重计）蛋白质、粗脂肪和碳水化合物含量分别为13.71 g、3.09 g和60.80 g;功能成分多糖、类胡萝卜素、甜菜碱、抗坏血酸、总酚和总黄酮含量分别为2.11 g、569.81 mg、1.57 g、45.08 mg、81.95 mg和70.23 mg。民勤枸杞主要基本营养成分为碳水化合物和蛋白质,并含有丰富的功能性氨基酸天冬氨酸,脯氨酸和谷氨酸。民勤枸杞中色氨酸和芳香氨基酸等必须氨基酸含量丰富;天冬氨酸含量最为丰富;赖氨酸是第一限制必须氨基酸。民勤枸杞含有相对较高的脂肪、类胡萝卜素和抗坏血酸含量;其重金属和农药残留量没有超绿色食品枸杞标准限制。研究结果可为民勤枸杞质量定位提供理论依据。     

科技进步对中国肉类产业的影响

主要介绍了科技进步的定义和内涵,重点介绍了科技进步对中国肉类产业的影响、应用及二者之间的相互关系。科技发展促进了肉类产业的发展,提高了畜禽和肉品的数量和质量。中国肉类产业的发展有赖于科技的发展和进步,有赖于畜禽业、肉制品加工业、人才培养和物流业协调发展,有赖于畜禽育种、鲜肉制品、深加工肉制品、营养学、人才管理和物流业多学科合作。只有各方面共同努力,才能更好的促进中国肉类产业的发展。     

反式脂肪酸危害与控制

通过对食品中反式脂肪酸含量强制标示,向广大消费者指出反式脂肪酸对人体健康危害;同时对油脂加工业而言,这也意味着一场旨在减少食品中反式脂肪酸变革开始。     

花生四烯酸分离纯化方法研究进展

花生四烯酸是人体必需不饱和脂肪酸,具有极高保健价值。该文介绍并比较花生四烯酸分离纯化方法,主要包括低温溶剂结晶法,脲包法,银离子络合法,超临界萃取法,高效液相色谱法等方法。     

Milk fatty acids as possible biomarkers to early diagnose elevated concentrations of blood plasma nonesterified fatty acids in dairy cows

Most cows encounter a state of negative energy balance during the periparturient period, which may lead to metabolic disorders and impaired fertility. The aim of this study was to assess the potential of milk fatty acids as diagnostic tools of detrimental levels of blood plasma nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), defined as NEFA concentrations beyond 0.6 mmol/L, in a data set of 92 early lactating cows fed a glucogenic or lipogenic diet and subjected to 0-, 30-, or 60-d dry period before parturition. Milk was collected in wk 2, 3, 4, and 8 (n = 368) and blood was sampled weekly from wk 2 to 8 after parturition. Milk was analyzed for milk fatty acids and blood plasma for NEFA. Data were classified as “at risk of detrimental blood plasma NEFA” (NEFA ≥0.6 mmol/L) and “not at risk of detrimental blood plasma NEFA” (NEFA <0.6 mmol/L). Concentrations of 45 milk fatty acids and milk fat C18:1 cis-9-to-C15:0 ratio were subjected to a discriminant analysis. Milk fat C18:1 cis-9 revealed the most discriminating variable to identify detrimental blood plasma NEFA. A false positive rate of 10% allowed us to diagnose 46% of the detrimental blood plasma NEFA cases based on a milk fat C18:1 cis-9 concentration of at least 230 g/kg of milk fatty acids. Additionally, it was assessed whether the milk fat C18:1 cis-9 concentrations of wk 2 could be used as an early warning for detrimental blood plasma NEFA risk during the first 8 wk in lactation. Cows with at least 240 g/kg of C18:1 cis-9 in milk fat had about 50% chance to encounter blood plasma NEFA values of 0.6 mmol/L or more during the first 8 wk of lactation, with a false positive rate of 11.4%. Profit simulations were based on costs for cows suffering from detrimental blood plasma NEFA, and costs for preventive treatment based on daily dosing of propylene glycol for 3 wk. Given the relatively low incidence rate (8% of all observations), continuous monitoring of milk fatty acids during the first 8 wk of lactation to diagnose detrimental blood plasma NEFA does not seem cost effective. On the contrary, milk fat C18:1 cis-9 of the second lactation week could be an early warning of cows at risk of detrimental blood NEFA. In this case, selective treatment may be cost effective.     

膳食中的脂肪酸平衡

本文综述了膳食中三类脂肪酸（饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸及多不饱和脂肪酸）的营养学功能，并就有关膳食脂肪酸的平衡及n-6与n-3的合适比例作了总结。     

东北不同杂豆油脂含量及脂肪酸组成分析

为开发与利用东北杂豆资源,本文以东北特有杂豆为原料,采用气质分析方法对杂豆脂肪含量及脂肪酸组成进行初步分析。结果表明：杂豆中含有丰富的不饱和脂肪酸,且在测定所有杂豆中均是高活性的n:3、n:2类不饱和脂肪酸含量高,而活性相对的n:1类不饱和脂肪酸含量低。芸豆类杂豆的脂肪酸中不饱和脂肪酸含量均大于80%;且高活性的n:3类不饱和脂肪酸含量较多,紫花芸豆的n:3类不饱和脂肪酸含量达到了48.99%,具有进一步开发应用的价值。本研究为东北杂豆的综合利用提供了理论参考与依据     

α-亚麻酸研究进展

α-亚麻酸属于n-3系列多不饱和脂肪酸,分子结构为△9,12,15-18:3,主要来源于陆地植物, 如杜仲、藿香、亚麻、紫苏等。在体内代谢过程中,它主要作为EPA和DHA前体物质,并具有降低胆固醇、血脂,预防心血管疾病、保护视力和抑制过敏反应等功能。该文主要介绍α-亚麻酸的来源、分离提取方法进展及生理功能,并对α-亚麻酸发展前景进行展望。     

Unrestricted feed intake during the dry period impairs the postpartum oxidation and synthesis of fatty acids in the liver of dairy cows

The purpose of this study was to determine the activities of key hepatic enzymes of fatty acid synthesis and oxidation in cows that had excessive body fat at parturition. Dairy cows were allocated to either an experimental group or a control group. All cows were offered a total mixed ration with an energy content of 6.6 MJ of net energy for lactation per kilogram of dry matter and consisting of corn silage, beet pulp, rapeseed meal, and soybean meal. Control cows were restricted to 6.8 kg/dry matter of the mixed ration in the dry period. Experimental cows had unrestricted access to the mixed ration during the dry period to increase body fat and induce fatty liver postpartum. Blood and liver samples were collected 1 wk before and 1, 2, and 4 wk after parturition. Before parturition, neither the serum nonesterifled fatty acids nor the hepatic triacylglycerol concentrations differed between experimental and control cows. After parturition, the values for these variables were greater in experimental cows than in control cows. Plasma 3-hydroxybutyrate increased sharply after parturition in the experimental group. In liver, the activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase was already significantly lower in the experimental group before parturition. After parturition, the activities of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase dropped in the experimental group. The activity of 3-hydroxy-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase in liver was less in experimental cows following parturition. Hepatic citrate synthase activity increased only in the control group after parturition. Unrestricted feed intake before parturition reduces de novo fatty acid synthesis as well as fatty acid oxidation after parturition. The reduction in fatty acid oxidation following parturition may contribute to postpartum accumulation of triacylglycerol in the livers of cows with unrestricted access to feed during the dry period.     

近红外光谱法快速检测婴儿配方奶粉中的脂肪酸含量

采用傅里叶近红外光谱结合偏最小二乘法(PLS)法建立了测定婴儿配方奶粉中的总脂肪酸、饱和脂肪酸和不饱和脂肪酸含量的近红外数学模型,并通过交互验证和外部检验两种方式考察了近红外数学模型的可靠性。通过选择不同的波长范围,采用平滑、矢量归一化、一阶求导、二阶求导和散射校正对近红外光谱进行处理,总脂肪酸、饱和脂肪酸和不饱和脂肪酸的校正模型相关系数(R2)分别为0.9337、0.9374、0.9020,RPD分别为3.63、3.65、2.90。结果表明近红外数学模型具有良好的预测性能。采用建立的模型对验证集中的20个婴儿配方奶粉样品进行预测,总脂肪酸含量、饱和脂肪酸和不饱和脂肪酸的预测值与化学测定值之间经配对t检验分析,与常规化学方法得到的检验结果无显著差异。     

坚果中脂肪含量及脂肪酸组成分析

目的分析16种市售坚果中脂肪含量及脂肪酸组成,比较不同品种坚果间脂肪含量、饱和脂肪酸和不饱和脂肪酸组成的差异。方法采用气相色谱分析法测定坚果中37种脂肪酸的含量,用最小显著性差异法(least-significant difference,LSD)法进行多重比较。结果坚果的平均脂肪含量为(55.6±0.86)g/100 g,变化范围为40.2~71.3 g/100 g,碧根果脂肪含量显著高于其他品种坚果脂肪含量(P0.05);坚果中的不饱和脂肪酸含量为72.77~95.47 g/100 g脂肪,平均值为(86.68±0.12)g/100 g脂肪,显著高于饱和脂肪酸4.53~22.19 g/100 g脂肪,平均值为(11.31±0.16)g/100 g脂肪(P0.05),东北榛子中单不饱和脂肪酸总含量最高,为84.34 g/100 g脂肪,而纸皮核桃中的多不饱和脂肪酸总含量最高,为74.17 g/100 g;坚果中不含短链脂肪酸和中链脂肪酸。结论坚果中不饱和脂肪酸含量较多,富含ω-6和ω-3脂肪酸,营养价值较高。     

Effect of ruminal pulse dose of polyunsaturated fatty acids on ruminal microbial populations and duodenal flow and milk profiles of fatty acids

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of ruminal pulse dose of free linoleic acid (LA) and free docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on microbial populations in the rumen, duodenal fatty acid (FA) flow, milk composition, and milk FA profiles of Chinese Holstein dairy cows. Four rumen- and duodenal-fistulated Chinese Holstein cows in mid lactation (138.5 ± 10 d in milk) were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups and 1 control group in a 4 × 4 Latin square design over 4 periods (3 wk per period). Diets contained either no LA or 2.7% LA and either no DHA or 0.5% DHA in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Ruminal pulse dose with DHA increased counts of Megasphaera elsdenii, decreased Fibrobacter succinogenes, but did not affect Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens or Ruminococcus flavefaciens. The pulse dose of LA at 2.7% dry matter had no effect on the population sizes of the 3 major cellulolytic bacterial species or M. elsdenii, and no interaction was observed between LA and DHA. The pulse dose of LA or DHA, either alone or in combination, increased the duodenal flow of vaccenic acid (VA). The milk VA and cis-9,trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) contents also increased in response to the fatty acid pulse dose, and the pulse dose of both LA and DHA together had the most profound stimulatory effect. This study indicated that ruminal pulse dose of LA or DHA could be used to increase duodenal flow of VA and the milk contents of potentially health-promoting FA, such as VA and cis-9,trans-11 CLA. These results might be useful in formulating dietary interventions to improve milk cis-9,trans-11 CLA contents.