藻类光生物反应器的设计及应用研究

根据藻类的生长特点设计了一个容积为10.0L的光生物反应器,其长×宽×高分别为320mm×80mm×390mm。利用该反应器进行螺旋藻培养实验,采用响应面法对其培养条件进行优化研究,建立以藻体干重为响应值,以光照强度、通气量、培养时间和装液量为自变量的二次多项式数学模型。培养条件优化后螺旋藻最终干重为1.298g/L。实验结果表明,所设计的反应器能很好地满足藻类生长,其培养产率也明显提高。      

影响富油微藻高密度培养及产油因素研究进展

微藻具有诸多优良特性,是生物柴油最具潜力的原料之一。但大规模培养微藻制备生物柴油尚需解决优良藻种的选育、高密度培养、细胞采收、脱水及高效生物反应器设计等技术问题。该文从藻种、营养因素、培养条件、营养方式及培养模式等方面,阐述了当前影响富油微藻高密度培养和油脂积累因素的研究概况,以期为微藻培养及微藻油脂生产研究者提供参考。     

海洋微藻发酵法生产DHA

比较了ＤＨＡ的传统生产来源及利用海洋微藻生产ＤＨＡ的优缺点,并对微藻培养的培养基组成、生物反应器系统、培养方式、微藻的收集及多不饱和脂肪酸的提取和加工技术的研究进展做了综述。     

海洋微藻发酵法生产DHA

比较了ＤＨＡ的传统生产来源及利用海洋微藻生产ＤＨＡ的优缺点,并对微藻培养的培养基组成、生物反应器系统、培养方式、微藻的收集及多不饱和脂肪酸的提取和加工技术的研究进展做了综述。      

基于城市污水资源化的斜生栅藻室外培养条件优化

城市污水培养微藻,可在实现污水无害化处理的同时,回收生物质能源。从反应器宽度、混合方式、磁场3个方面优化了利用城市污水室外培养斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)的培养条件。结果表明:当反应器宽度为25 cm时,斜生栅藻干重与油脂产量较高,当反应器宽度为35 cm时,斜生栅藻油脂单位面积产量较高,较宽的反应器宽度表明深圳天气有利于斜生栅藻的室外规模化培养;较优混合方式为循环泵混合,该方式下斜生栅藻油脂产量相比不加混合的空白对照组提高了78.1%;将磁场应用于微藻培养中,当磁作用面积为2S、磁场强度为40 m T时,斜生栅藻油脂产量相比于不加磁场的空白对照组进一步提高了36.7%。     

高产EPA和DHA藻株的筛选

为筛选出高产EPA和DHA藻株,针对8种海洋微藻进行培养,测定了它们的最佳吸收波长和生长曲线一藻体在对数期末期收获．经过提取脂肪,进行皂化酯化处理后用气相色谱测定EPA和DHA的含量。结果筛选出EPA高产藻株为新月菱形藻,EPA产量为16mg／L占粗脂肪重的26％,占细胞干重的3．3％;等边金藻为DHA高产藻株,DHA产量为3．2mg／L,占粗脂肪重的9．1％,占细胞干重的5．2％。     

天然虾青素生产方法研究进展

为进一步提高湖泊红球藻（Haematococcus lacustris）的工业利用价值,本研究使用常压室温等离子体（atmospheric and room temperature plasma,ARTP）诱变仪对湖泊红球藻进行等离子诱变。以藻细胞致死率为指标确定等离子诱变的适宜输入功率和诱变时间。诱变之后通过固体平板培养初筛和液体培养复筛获得高产虾青素的突变藻株。再以藻细胞密度为指标采用单因素实验及正交试验对高产藻株的营养生长阶段的培养条件进行优化,并筛选虾青素诱导阶段适宜虾青素积累的高光照条件。在优化的培养条件下多次继代后观察高产突变藻株的遗传稳定性。结果表明,湖泊红球藻等离子诱变的适宜条件是功率240 W、诱变时间150 s或功率400 W、诱变时间120 s。通过初筛和复筛获得生长快、虾青素产量高的突变藻株有11株,其中编号为HP3的突变藻株生长最快、虾青素产量最高,培养后藻细胞密度和虾青素产量较出发株分别提高了25.5%和61.6%。经过两阶段培养条件的优化,HP3的藻细胞密度和虾青素产量较优化前分别提高了14.3%和19.3%,达7.2×10⁵ cell/mL和31.264 mg/L。湖泊红球藻高产突变藻株HP3多次继代后藻细胞生长良好,遗传稳定,培养后藻细胞密度和虾青素产量均与初代培养相近。研究结果对湖泊红球藻产虾青素工业藻株的选育具有实际意义。

     

湖泊红球藻等离子诱变及其高产虾青素藻株培养条件的优化

为进一步提高湖泊红球藻(Haematococcus lacustris)的工业利用价值，本研究使用常压室温等离子体(atmospheric and room temperature plasma,ARTP)诱变仪对湖泊红球藻进行等离子诱变。以藻细胞致死率为指标确定等离子诱变的适宜输入功率和诱变时间。诱变之后通过固体平板培养初筛和液体培养复筛获得高产虾青素的突变藻株。再以藻细胞密度为指标采用单因素实验及正交试验对高产藻株的营养生长阶段的培养条件进行优化，并筛选虾青素诱导阶段适宜虾青素积累的高光照条件。在优化的培养条件下多次继代后观察高产突变藻株的遗传稳定性。结果表明，湖泊红球藻等离子诱变的适宜条件是功率240 W、诱变时间150 s或功率400 W、诱变时间120 s。通过初筛和复筛获得生长快、虾青素产量高的突变藻株有11株，其中编号为HP3的突变藻株生长最快、虾青素产量最高，培养后藻细胞密度和虾青素产量较出发株分别提高了25.5%和61.6%。经过两阶段培养条件的优化，HP3的藻细胞密度和虾青素产量较优化前分别提高了14.3%和19.3%，达7.2×10⁵ cel...     

微藻生物合成叶黄素的研究进展

叶黄素不仅是天然色素,而且具有多方面的生理活性功能。目前商业化生产的叶黄素主要是从植物万寿菊中提取,在原料来源和生产效率等方面受到一定限制。作为一种具有良好前景的替代方式,利用微藻生物合成叶黄素近年来受到越来越多的关注。本文综述了国内外关于微藻生物合成叶黄素的藻株筛选、代谢途径、培养参数优化、动力学模型以及提取工艺方面的研究进展。     

利用流式细胞仪筛选紫外诱变高含油小球藻

为筛选得到高含油的小球藻藻株,对若夫小球藻(Chlorella zofingensis)进行紫外诱变,尼罗红染色后再利用流式细胞仪对高含油藻株进行筛选。结果表明:紫外诱变40 min后,经流式细胞仪筛选,分选出的90%的突变藻株总脂含量都高于野生对照株。最终筛选到的藻株S16经培养总脂产量达到2.4 g/L,比野生对照株提高了50%。     

酶法改性微藻油脂制备功能性油脂的研究进展

多不饱和脂肪酸是一类对人体健康有益的生物活性物质,微藻油脂富含多不饱和脂肪酸,是天然可食用的潜在油源。利用微藻油脂开发制备型功能性油脂,替代动植物天然功能性油脂,不仅可提高天然功能性油脂的品质,解决供应问题,而且有望得到新的功能性油脂制品。对酶法制备功能性油脂的方法、常见微藻的油脂含量及其油脂的脂肪酸组成进行综述,并对酶法改性微藻油脂制备富含多不饱和脂肪酸的单酰甘油酯、结构三酰甘油酯、功能性磷脂等功能性油脂的研究进展进行了介绍。酶法改性微藻油脂制备功能性油脂是高值化利用微藻油脂的新途径。     

Availability and Utilization of Pigments from Microalgae

Microalgae are the major photosynthesizers on earth and produce important pigments that include chlorophyll a, b and c, β-carotene, astaxanthin, xanthophylls, and phycobiliproteins. Presently, synthetic colorants are used in food, cosmetic, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical industries. However, due to problems associated with the harmful effects of synthetic colorants, exploitation of microalgal pigments as a source of natural colors becomes an attractive option. There are various factors such as nutrient availability, salinity, pH, temperature, light wavelength, and light intensity that affect pigment production in microalgae. This paper reviews the availability and characteristics of microalgal pigments, factors affecting pigment production, and the application of pigments produced from microalgae. The potential of microalgal pigments as a source of natural colors is enormous as an alternative to synthetic coloring agents, which has limited applications due to regulatory practice for health reasons.     

微藻培养中光生物反应器的研究进展

研制和应用光生物反应器是实现微藻的高密度和规模化培养的重要技术。本文综述了近年来微藻培养中光生物反应器的类型、基本构造以及实际应用状况,并对反应器的控制操作系统及检测技术做了简单的介绍,为微藻的高密度培养提供一些参考。     

Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of three microalgal species for use as dietary supplements and in the preservation of foods

The antioxidant activity of the microalgal ethanolic extracts of Porphyridium cruentum, Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Chlorella vulgaris was determined by means of the β-carotene–linoleate model system. The results show that the activity of C. vulgaris extract was higher than those obtained for the other microalgal extracts tested and for the synthetics BHA (butylated hydroxyanisole), and BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene). In addition, the major constituents present in the ethanolic extracts of the three microalgae species were analyzed by means of GC and GC–mass spectrometry. The results showed that the tested microalgae may be an important source of natural antioxidants, as an alternative to higher plants or the production by chemical synthesis.     

产油微藻的筛选及油脂含量测定

为了促进微藻领域研究和微藻生物燃料的生产,从潍坊地区多种生境中分离、筛选产油微藻,并对产油微藻生长情况和油脂积累情况进行研究。结果表明:共分离出49株微藻,其中产油微藻19株;产油微藻的生物量为1.39~6.36 g/L,油脂含量为11.16%~45.62%;6株油脂产率大于90mg/(L·d)微藻在培养的12~15 d产油能力最高,6株微藻最佳收获时间在培养后的14 d。     

Recent Advances in Microalgal Bioactives for Food,Feed, and Healthcare Products: Commercial Potential,Market Space,and Sustainability

To combat food scarcity as well as to ensure nutritional food supply for sustainable living of increasing population, microalgae are considered as innovative sources for adequate nutrition. Currently, the dried biomass, various carotenoids, phycocyanin, phycoerythrin, omega fatty acids, and enzymes are being used as food additives, food coloring agents, and food supplements. Apart from nutritional importance, microalgae are finding the place in the market as “functional foods.” When compared to the total market size of food and feed products derived from all the possible sources, the market portfolio of microalgae‐based products is still smaller, but increasing steadily. On the other hand, the genetic modification of microalgae for enhanced production of commercially important metabolites holds a great potential. However, the success of commercial application of genetically modified (GM) algae will be defined by their safety to human health and environment. In view of this, the present study attempts to highlight the industrially important microalgal metabolites, their production, and application in food, feed, nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, and cosmeceuticals. The current and future market trends for microalgal products have been thoroughly discussed. Importantly, the safety pertaining to microalgae cultivation and consumption, and regulatory issues for GM microalgae have also been covered.     

小球藻利用工业废物产油脂的研究进展

近年来利用微藻生产生物柴油已成为热门话题。微藻工业化生产生物燃料最大的瓶颈就是高成本,如何有效降低成本,决定了微藻生物燃料在未来的命运。文中综述了国内外有关利用工业废物(即廉价碳源、工业废水、工业废气)培养小球藻生产油脂的研究进展,并提出小球藻利用工业废料产油脂应注意的问题。     

A Comprehensive Overview on Microalgal-Fortified/Based Food and Beverages

ABSTRACT

Microalgae produce a variety of compounds that can be used for aquaculture, nutraceutical purposes, and third-generation biofuel sectors. Moreover, they have been considered for the production of fortified food and beverages claiming to be healthier than other foods. Using microalgal oil or incorporating microalgae biomass or their metabolites in food and beverages provides health benefits due to properties such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immune-enhancing, and to their role against various diseases such as cardiovascular metabolic, atherosclerosis, and hypertension. This review focuses on the worldwide research carried out about the incorporation of microalgae – either biomass or their high-value compounds – in food and beverages, and on the microalgal fortified/based food and beverages currently present worldwide on the market. The metabolites bioavailability aspect and the current legislation are considered. There is an ever-growing interest in this field but the volume of production is still limited. Various challenges, one of which is the cost of producing biomass, need to be overcome for a profitable market. More effort, involving different expertise, is needed to improve the microalgal production system, from cultivation to harvesting and biorefinery, to produce improved novel products.     

从富油新绿藻提取叶绿素的研究

为了探讨利用微藻生产天然食用色素叶绿素可能性及其工艺条件,以富油新绿藻为研究对象,首先研究通过提高培养基氮源含量来提高藻细胞叶绿素含量,然后针对提取溶剂配方、提取剂的用量、提取时间、提取温度等工艺条件进行实验,分析提取工艺参数对叶绿素提取效果的影响,对超声波辅助提取做了探讨,最后通过正交实验对提取条件进行了优化。结果表明,丙酮∶乙醇=1∶3的混合溶剂、溶剂用量为鲜藻泥质量的8倍、提取温度45℃、提取时间8h的工艺条件可以获得满意的提取效果。实验表明,在本文的微藻培养条件和优化的叶绿素提取条件下,富油新绿藻的叶绿素提取率可以达到53.69mg/g(藻干物质),实验结果还表明超声波处理对于富油新绿藻的叶绿素提取没有促进作用。      

微藻油脂的研究进展

全球能源危机使可再生能源的开发和利用越来越受到人们的关注。与产油农作物相比,微藻凭借其结构简单、生长速度快、有较高的含油率等特点成为生物能源产业最具竞争力的选择之一。本文首先介绍了微藻的种类、藻体中的油脂,然后从影响油脂积累的因素、微藻中油脂的提取和微藻高油脂化基因工程方面进行了阐述,最后对微藻生产生物柴油产业的发展趋势和研究方向进行了展望,为进一步降低微藻产油成本,提高微藻生物柴油经济性提出了一条极有可能实现工业化的潜在高效生产途径。