混铁车用ASC砖在应力下的变形

1 前言 随着在混铁车内的铁水预处理比率的增大,用作内衬砖的Al_2O_3-SiC-C系耐火材料,其剥落损毁和砖缝损毁也随之增大。本文所介绍的是对于这种损毁机理的推测,以及混铁车这一开口部位极小的特殊形状容器所用内衬耐火     

钢包包底内衬结构的改善

1前言 在实际使用的钢包中，包底衬砖的特定地方发生剥落损毁，加快了损毁速度。因此，采用有限元素法进行了结构分析，研究了旨在抑制钢包包底衬砖断裂的内衬结构。     

水煤浆气化炉内衬热面高铬材料的选择

简要介绍了水煤浆气化炉内衬热面耐火材料的使用条件,归纳了其主要损毁原因有化学侵蚀、热剥落和冲刷,针对损毁原因分析了使用内衬热面耐火材料必须重视的几方面性能,认为使用Cr2O3含量高、气孔孔径小、抗热震性能优良以及热态强度高的高铬砖和性能优良的氧化铬火泥可以提高内衬材料的使用寿命.     

含磷高铬砖在水煤浆气化炉上的损毁分析

对含有磷酸盐的高铬砖为内衬的GE水煤浆气化炉运行中开停车次数、运行时间等状况进行了实时跟踪,测量了不同运行阶段气化炉内腔直径,计算了残砖厚度,分析了高铬砖在整个运行周期内的损毁速率及用后残砖的显微结构、成分分布和物相组成等.结果表明:含磷高铬砖在水煤浆气化炉上的全周期服役的损毁速率具有非均匀性,表现为前期慢,中后期快,...     

混铁炉内衬整体浇注技术的应用

混铁炉是转炉炼钢生产中铁水贮存、保温、均匀成分的主要热工设备。混铁炉内衬采用传统的砖砌工艺 ,砖型多 ,砌筑难度大 ,整体性差 ,内衬使用寿命较低。随着施工方法的机械化、自动化和喷补修补方法的研究改进 ,不定形耐火材料取代烧成耐火砖已成为当今耐火材料发展的一大趋势。2 0 0 1年 8月至 2 0 0 2年 4月 ,莱钢股份有限公司的混铁炉内衬应用整体浇注技术 ,取得了良好效果。1　混铁炉内衬浇注料1.1　混铁炉工作衬浇注料混铁炉整体浇注内衬由保温层和工作层组成。根据内衬各部位的工作条件和损毁机理 ,工作层采用不同性能的耐火浇注料 ,…     

LF炉熔池部位用Al2O3-MgO-C砖的损毁

介绍了LF炉熔池部位用Al_2O_3-MgO-C砖的损毁形态。它可分为以下5种:①热态剥落和结构性剥落;②渣和钢水使砖的成分受到化学侵蚀;③砖内碳的氧化;④渣和钢水流动产生的磨损;⑤异常磨损(穿孔损毁)。调查表明,在与渣接触部位上化学侵蚀控制着整个损毁状况;在渣影响小的部位上结构性剥落对砖的损毁起支配作用;Al_2O_3-MgO-C砖在使用过程中生成的尖晶石对损毁形态影响很大。     

焦炉炉门内衬整体浇注技术的应用

针对原有砖砌焦炉炉门寿命短、难修补、易散热、易粘渣等缺点，分析研究炉门内衬的损毁原因，提出改进炉门内衬结构、研制新型材质和采用整体浇注成型方法，在炉门内衬表面涂覆防粘渣剂，有效的防止炼焦过程中在炉门内衬结焦、结渣，使焦炉炉门的使用寿命提高2倍以上，且减少热量损失和降低工人劳动强度，最终实现生产安全、节能、长寿的目标。     

LF炉溶池部位用Al2O3—MgO—C砖的损毁

介绍了LF溶池部位用Al2O3-MgO-C砖的损毁形态。它可分以下5种：①热态剥落和结构性剥落；②渣和钢水使砖的成分受到化学侵蚀；③砖内碳的氧化；④渣和钢水流动产生的磨损。⑤异常磨损（穿孔损毁）。调查表明，在与渣接触部位上化学侵蚀控制着整个损毁状况；在渣影响小的部位上性剥落对砖的损毁起支配作用；Al2O3-MgO-砖在使用过程中生成的尖晶石对损形毁形态影响很大。     

300t精炼钢包温度场和应力场的有限元分析

在目前所用材质体系和砌筑结构的基础上,对精炼过程中的300 t精炼钢包剪切应力场、温度场和热应力场以及膨胀缝的最大接触应力进行了有限元研究.结果表明:在LF精炼过程中,渣线处的内衬砖最容易受冲刷和热应力的作用而损毁,需在保证良好抗渣性能的同时采用热膨胀系数低、抗冲刷性好的耐火内衬砖;膨胀缝的最大接触应力与膨胀缝的大小呈线性反比关系,以保持在0.8～1.8 mm之间为宜.     

川崎钢铁公司水岛厂钢包用不定形耐火材料技术的进展

通过用后试样的岩相分析研究表明,钢包用铝尖晶石浇注料内衬的损毁是结构剥落。采取钢包加盖、控制浇注后的养护温度和延长座砖寿命等措施,使钢包寿命达到300次,比改进前提高了1.5倍。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。